Comprehensive understandings in the shape of retromolar pad and its classification based on clinical application

Retromolar pad is one of anatomical landmarks to use clinically for determining of specific occlusal plane level in edentulous patients and is inherently a soft tissue mass; located at the distal end of mandible and should be covered with denture. The shapes of retromolar pad show variability because it might be inevitable to be resultant forms from healing and remodeling process after the extraction of last molars. Considerations would be focused on those resultant shapes and classification with anatomical relationships and clinical significances.

An in vivo study to correlate the relationship of the extraoral and intraoral anatomical landmarks with the occlusal plane in dentulous subjects.

Background: The occlusal plane position is considered to be the primary link between esthetic and function. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between extraoral and intraoral soft tissue landmarks with the occlusal plane in dentulous subjects on both sides and to check for any variations. Study and Design: An in vivo study and 100 subjects with all healthy permanent teeth in normal arch and alignment were selected from Modern Dental College and Research Centre, Indore. Materials and Methods: Three custom made instruments (occlusal plane analyzer, buccinator groove relator, and level analyzer) were indigenously designed to check parallelism of the interpupillary line, ala‑tragus line, buccinator groove with the occlusal plane. Relation of retromolar pad with the occlusal plane was checked with the metallic scale. Statistical Analysis: Chi‑square test. Results: In 20.0% subjects, the occlusal plane was parallel to the interpupillary line. The posterior reference point for ala‑tragus line was middle point on right side in 56% and left side in 58% subjects. Intraorally, right side 59% and left side 62% subjects had the occlusal plane at the same level as that of buccinator groove. Right side 48% and left side 45% subjects showed occlusal plane at the middle one‑third of retromolar pad. Conclusion: The occlusal plane is not generally parallel to interpupillary line. The occlusal plane is parallel to the ala‑tragus line with middle point of tragus as posterior reference point on right and left sides. Both sides, the buccinator groove and the middle one‑third retromolar pad are coinciding with occlusal plane level.

Lower third molar region / Región del tercer molar inferior

The lower third molar region is an important region for the odontostomatological practice, since it presents a great amount of pathological processes related to the development and eruption of the third molar; thus having a considerable number of surgical interventions. Despite its importance, this region is not accounted for in anatomical terminology nor is it described in topographic anatomy; and in spite of the great number of studies that analyze the surgical anatomy of the region, it is necessary to systematize the description of its boundaries, planes, content, risk elements, anatomical repairs, etc.; therefore, the purpose of the present article is to review the modern concepts related to the surgical anatomy of the lower third molar region and to establish a description based on these concepts...

La región del tercer molar inferior es una región importante para la práctica odontoestomatológica, en ella se presenta una gran cantidad de procesos patológicos relacionados con el desarrollo y erupción del tercer molar, por lo que se practican un gran número de intervenciones quirúrgicas. No obstante su importancia, esta región no se encuentra considerada en la terminología anatómica ni descrita en la anatomía topográfica y a pesar de la gran cantidad de estudios que analizan la anatomía quirúrgica de la región, es necesario sistematizar la descripción de sus límites, planos, contenidos, elementos de riesgo, puntos de reparo, etc., es por ello que el propósito de este artículo es revisar los conceptos modernos relacionados con la anatomía quirúrgica de la región del tercer molar inferior y proponer una descripción basada en estos conceptos...

Acquired Lymphangioma Associated With Adenomatoid Hyperplasia Of The Minor Salivary Glands

Pleomorphic Adenoma Which Occurred On The Left Retromolar Pad Area: A Case Report