Résumé
Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets for the distal movement of maxillary molars to improve the ability of orthodontists to predict treatment outcomes.@*Methods@#Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Database, CNKI Database, and VIP Database were searched for studies investigating the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for distal movement of maxillary molars in adult patients and published from database inception to August 1, 2023. A total of three researchers screened the studies and evaluated their quality and conducted a meta-analysis of those that met quality standards.@*Results@#This study included 13 pre- and postcontrol trials with a total sample size of 281 patients. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in the sagittal or vertical parameters of the jawbone after treatment when compared with those before treatment (P>0.05). The displacement of the first molar was MD=-2.34, 95% CI (-2.83, -1.85); the displacement was MD=-0.95, 95% CI (-1.34, -0.56); and the inclination was MD=-2.51, 95% CI (-3.56, -1.46). There was a statistically significant difference in the change in sagittal, vertical, and axial tilt of the first molar before and after treatment. After treatment, the average adduction distance of the incisors was MD=-0.82, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.09), and the decrease in lip inclination was MD=-1.61, 95% CI (-2.86, -0.36); these values were significantly different from those before treatment (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Invisible orthodontic appliances can effectively move the upper molars in a distal direction and control the vertical position of the molars. When the molars move further away, there is some degree of compression and distal tilt movement, which is beneficial for patients with high angles. The sagittal movement of incisors is beneficial for improving the patient's profile.
Résumé
Liver injury caused by acetaminophen (AP) overdose is a leading public health problem. Although AP-induced liver injury is well recognized as the formation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone (NAPQI), a toxic metabolite of AP, resulting in cell damage, emerging evidence indicates that AP-induced liver injury is also associated with gut microbiota. However, the gut microbiota-involved mechanism remains largely unknown. In our study, we found that vancomycin (Vac) pretreatment (100 mg/kg, twice a day for 4 days) attenuated AP-induced liver injury, altered the composition of gut microbiota, and changed serum metabolic profile. Moreover, we identified Vac pretreatment elevated cecum and serum 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2-HB), which ameliorated AP-induced cell damage and liver injury in mice by reducing AP bioavailability and elevating GSH levels. Our current results revealed the novel role of 2-HB in protecting AP-induced liver injury and add new evidence for gut microbiota in affecting AP toxicity.
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Licorice extract has the efficacy of anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidation and anti-aging. It is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. This paper analyzes the status of licorice extract’s global trade and its international competitiveness. The main purpose is to clarify the status of our country’s licorice extract in the international market and provide reference for improving the international competitive advantage of licorice extract of China. Germany, the United States, Netherlands, France, Japan, Israel and China were the main import and export countries for licorice extract. The international market share (IMS), trade competitiveness index (TC Index), revealed comparative advantage index (RCA Index) and competitive advantage index (CA Index) were used to compare the licorice extract’s international competitiveness of these countries. It showed that Israel has the strongest international competitiveness and followed by France. The United States has the maximum IMS, but its competitiveness was on sagging tendency. Germany and the Netherlands are the major importers of licorice extract. Although they are lack of international competitiveness, its international competitiveness is on the rise, especially in Germany. China’s licorice extract has a high IMS, but its international trade competitiveness is weak, far lower than the United States and France. Japan was the basic export country of China’s licorice extract. The TC index and CA index of licorice extract in Japan are less than zero, which means Japan’s licorice extract is not competitive.
Résumé
To study the data of the trade of the ginseng products in the UN COMTRADE database and analyze the overall situation of the international trade of the ginseng products. China, South Korea, Canada, and the United States are not only the market for the production of ginseng products, but also the main consumer markets for Ginseng products. Hong Kong, China is dominated by entrepot trade and is an important consumer market for ginseng products as well. The four countries mentioned above and Hong Kong, China, play a decisive role in the international trade of ginseng products. Using trade specialization coefficient (TSC), international market share (IMS), revealed comparative advantage (RCA), and competitive advantage (CA), the trade status of the Ginseng products in the four countries from 2007 to 2015 was studied, and the situation of its trade competitiveness was analyzed. The results showed that the average values of three indicators of international trade competitiveness of Canada were ranked the first with the absolute superiority except the mean value of TSC, which was slightly lower than that of South Korea. The average of TSC indicators of South Korea was ranked first, the means of RCA and CA were ranked the second in the world. As for China, the three indexes were all ranked the third except for IMS, ranked the second. However, the four indicators in the United States were all ranked in the last place.