Résumé
High mortality and incidence rate of complications after hepatectomy are closely associated with postoperative liver failure. Due to limited research on liver failure at present, no consensus has been reached on the definition of liver failure after hepatectomy. This article summarizes the definition, pathogenesis, risk factors, liver function assessment methods, and preventive measures of postoperative liver failure. It is pointed out that adequate preoperative assessment of liver function reserve, effective methods for bleeding control, shortening time of operation, preservation of functional liver tissue as much as possible, and timely and effective diagnosis/treatment and prevention during the perioperative period can reduce the incidence rate of liver failure, improve patient prognosis, and maximize the benefits of patients.
Résumé
@#Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is not only an ischemic cerebrovascular disease with high incidence, but also a risk warning signal of cerebral infarction. This article reviewed the correlation of TIA and cerebral infarction, risk factors of transient ischemic attack progressing into cerebral infarction and its score scale.
Résumé
@# Visual dysfunction is a common complication in cerebral palsy, including low visual acuity, refractive errors, strabismus, abnormal visual field, absent stereopsis, abnormal fundoscopic fingdings and nystagmus, etc. Low visual acuity is reported in almost three-quarters of patients.The incidence of strabismus is 39%～50% and nystagmus is 9.5%. Periventricular leukomalacia, introventricular hemorrhage and low birth weight are risk factors of visual dysfunctions in cerebral palsy.