Evaluation of Three-Way Cross Hybrids and Their Parents for Storage Losses in Onion (Allium cepa L.)

The aim of present investigation was the assessment of the several new onion hybrids develop through three- way cross along with their parents for having less problem of weight losses due to sprouting and rotting, and long storage quality at normal room temperature and relative humidity. The design of experimental plot was complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications. This study was carried out in the year of 2018-2019 at Division of Vegetable Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bengaluru, India. Thirty hybrids developed by three- way cross, thirteen parental lines and one check have been included for the experiment. Three F1 hybrids used as female lines and ten commercial varieties used as male testers, were taken to develop the hybrids through line x tester design. The bulbs of all these genotypes were kept for four months in normal storage chamber at 25-30°C room temperature with 65-70% relative humidity. The overall losses of per cent bulb weigh was recorded and conclude that the three-way hybrids TWCHO-15 (26.91) were recorded for smallest amount of loss followed by TWCHO-5 (27.02), TWCHO-14 (28.83) and TWCHO-4 (29.98). These hybrids can be suggested for more profit to onion grower by keeping for long shelf-life.

Stenocarpella macrospora and Stenocarpella maydis in the cerrado and southern Brazil regions / Stenocarpella macrospora E Stenocarpella maydis nas regiões do cerrado e sul do Brasil

Stenocarpella macrospora and Stenocarpella maydis may result in the seedlings death or cause rotting at the corn stalk base and in all or part of the ear. In addition, S. macrospora can cause leaf spot. Double-haploid strains from corn hybrids resistant to S. macrospora and S. maydis were identified. Also the incidence of these pathogens in the Cerrado and in Southern Brazil localities was determined. One hundred and forty double-haploid maize hybrids, in addition to the controls, were inoculated with S. macrospora and S. maydis and evaluated for resistance reaction in three locations of the Cerrado and three locations of the South regions. The grains attacked by these fungi were collected and variable quantities of S. macrospora, S. maydis and other fungal species were registered. The results demonstrated the prevalence of S. macrospora in the Cerrado as well as other non-Stenocarpella sp. fungi in the South. The city of Abelardo Luz (Santa Catarina) was the only place where S. maydis was found to have a higher incidence than S. macrospora. Environmental effects influence the prevalence of fungi, causing grain rot. These results indicated genetic gains in the selection of hybrids resistant to this fungi for use as direct breeders in Stenocarpella-corn pathological system research.

Stenocarpella macrospora e Stenocarpella maydis em milho, podem resultar na morte de plântulas ou causar apodrecimento na base do caule e da totalidade ou parte da espiga. Além disso, S. macrospora pode causar manchas foliares. Identificou-se linhagens duplo-haplóides de híbridos de milho resistentes a S. macrospora e S. maydis; determinou-se também a incidência desses patógenos no Cerrado e do Sul do Brasil. Cento e quarenta híbridos duplohaplóides de milho além dos controles (testemunhas) foram inoculados com S. macrospora e S. maydis e avaliados quanto à resistência em três localidades do Cerrado e três de Sul do Brasil. Os grãos atacados pelos fungos foram colhidos e avaliados quanto à incidência dos dois patógenos. Foram estimadas as porcentagens (%) de S. Macrospora e de S. Maydis e também a ocorrência de outros fungos pelo método de blotter. Houve maior presença de S. macrospora do Cerrado. No Sul do Brasil, o município de Abelardo Luz foi o único local onde S. maydis foi encontrado em maior incidência do que S. macrospora. Os resultados mostraram efeitos ambientais sobre a prevalência de fungos que causam grãos ardidos. Estes resultados indicaram ganhos genéticos na seleção de híbridos resistentes ao fungo S. Macrospora e obtenção de híbridos resistentes em milho, tanto na região do Cerrado como no Sul do Brasil.

Bioaugmentation of latex rubber sheet wastewater treatment with stimulated indigenous purple nonsulfur bacteria by fermented pineapple extract

Background Treating latex rubber sheet wastewater often leads to the generation of a rotten-egg odor from toxic H2S. To increase the treatment efficiency and eliminate H2S, purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB), prepared by supplementing non-sterile rubber sheet wastewater (RAW) with fermented pineapple extract (FPE), were used to treat this wastewater under microaerobic light conditions. The following 3 independent variables: chemical oxygen demand (COD), initial pH and FPE dose were investigated using the Box-Behnken design to find optimal conditions for stimulating the growth of indigenous PNSB (PNSBsi). Results The addition of 2.0% FPE into RAW, which had a COD of 2000 mg L- 1 and an initial pH of 7.0, significantly decreased oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value and stimulated PNSBsi to reach a maximum of 7.8 log cfu mL- 1 within 2 d. Consequently, these PNSBsi, used as inoculants, were investigated for their ability to treat the wastewater under microaerobic light conditions. A central composite design was used to determine the optimal conditions for the wastewater treatment. These proved to be 7% PNSBsi, 0.8% FPE and 4 d retention time and this combination resulted in a reduction of 91% for COD, 75% for suspended solids, 61% for total sulfide while H2S was not detected. Results of abiotic control and treatment sets indicated that H2S was produced by heterotrophic bacteria and it was then effectively deactivated by PNSBsi. Conclusions The stimulation of PNSB growth by FPE under light condition was to lower ORP, and PNSBsi proved to be effective for treating the wastewater.

Isolation of Sporothrix from Reed and Soil / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To study the distribution of Sporothrix in natural environment in Jilin province. Methods Specimens of decayed reed, corn stalks, rotten wood and soil from areas of high incidence rate of sporotricosis (Tongyu county and Nongan county) and low incidence rate (Tumen county) were randomly collected, cultured and subcultured for sporothrix, and the isolates were identified. Results 21 strains of Sporothrix schenckii were isolated and identified. It is the first report that Sporothrix is isolated from corn stalks, rotten wood and soil in our country and is the first report in the world that Sporothrix is isolated from corn stalks. Conclusion The results of study show that there are parasitic Sporothrix schenckii in the reed, corn stalks, rotten wood and soil in the region with high incidence rate of sporotrichosis, and parasitic Sporothrix schenckii in the reed and rotten wood have also been found in the region with low incidence rate. The finding of biological distribution of Sporothrix in the province is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of sporothrichosis.