Block Vertebrae Of 5th Lumbar And 1st Sacral Vertebra

Introduction: Vertebral column is centrally placed structure in the body providing stability, posture, motility andtransmission of weight of the body. Disruption during development leads to congenital abnormalities. Fusion ofFifth lumbar vertebra with first sacral can be a congenital abnormality or acquired.Materials and Methodology: The present study was conducted on 100 dried adult human sacrum of both sexesobtained from Department of anatomy, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad in MayJune 2018.Result: In the present study out of 100 sacra there were 24 fusion of last lumbar vertebra with sacrum. In allcases sacralisation was found to be complete and bilateral. The body, spines, transverse processes, laminae,pedicles and the articular processes were all fused. All the fused vertebrae observed belonged to males.Discussion: In the present study there is blocking of vertebrae in about 24% of cases. All the fused vertebraebelonged to males showing higher incidence of blocking of vertebrae in males. Magora and Schwartz in 1978found sacralisation in 20.8% of cases. 1.7% to 14% of sacralisation was reported by Castellvi et al in 1983.

A Spectrum Of Vertebral Fusion Defects

Any congenital or acquired abnormality in the vertebral column is of interest for radiologist, orthopedician,forensic pathologist, neurologist and clinical anatomist. Such abnormality in the vertebrae may be eitherasymptomatic or may limit our movements because of the important structures related to them.During the osteology demonstration session for medical undergraduate students, we have found a few abnormalvertebrae of different regions of the spinal column.The clinical implications and embryological significance of these specimens is discussed here

A Study Of Sacralisation Of Fifth Lumbar Vertebra In South Indian Population

Background: Among the congenital anomalies of the spine LSTV- Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebra is the mostcommon anomaly which is associated with the complaint of low back pain in modern era. LSTVs includesacralisation of the lowermost lumbar vertebra as well as lumbarisation of uppermost sacral segment.Aims and Objectives: The present study was done to know the incidence of sacralisation of fifth lumbar vertebrain South Indian Population.Materials and Methods: The present study includes 70 dry adult human sacra of both sexes. Note was made onthe number of sacral segments in each sacrum. Sacrum with six elements and five sacral foramina were identifiedand studied.Results and Conclusion: In the present study sacralisation was observed in 8 sacra. The knowledge of sacralisationof fifth lumbar vertebra is important to clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain

Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae- An Osteological Study In Dry Human Sacra Of North Indian Origin With Its Clinical And Forensic Implications

Context: Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are congenital anomalies that occur due to defect in normalsegmentation of the lumbosacral spine during development. This may be either in the form of assimilation offifth lumbar vertebra with the sacrum (sacralisation), or transition of the first piece of sacral vertebra into thelumbar configuration (lumbarisation).Aims and Objectives: Although presence of LSTV is common in general population but knowledge about its exactclinical implications is still lacking. The primary aim of the present study was to determine the rate of incidenceof transitional vertebra and their sex difference (if present) in dried human sacra. Secondary aim was to studythese transitional vertebra in detail and correlate these findings clinically.Materials and Methods: A total of fifty unbroken adult sacra were examined (male to female ratio of 3:2). Thepresence or absence of a lumbar transitional vertebra was noted and classified as incomplete or complete. Thesacral indices (SI) of all sacra were measured and values compared between typical and atypical sacra with LSTVas well as between male and female sacra.Results: Out of fifty sacra, six sacra (12%) showed presence of LSTV. Among them, four (8%) showed sacralisationof the fifth lumbar vertebra and two (4%) showed lumbarisation of first sacral vertebra. Among the four sacrashowing sacralisation, two showed incomplete fusion and two showed complete fusion of fifth lumber vertebrawith sacrum. LSTV was found to be more common in male than female. Sacralisation was seen only in male sacrawhile lumbarisation only in female sacra. The difference in the mean SI of typical sacra (97.76±4.08) and sacrawith LSTV (83.69±2.38 and 98.11±1.52 for sacralised and lumbarised sacra respectively) was found to bestatistically significant (p<0.05) and that between the male (94.55±5.70) and female (100.14±3.42) sacra wasfound to be highly significant (p<0.01).Conclusion: Presence of LSTV has many clinical and forensic implications and its knowledge is important fororthopaedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, forensic experts and also to radiologists.

Decisão e Secularização na Reflexão de Juventude de Carl Schmitt / Decision and Secularization in Reflections Made by a Young Carl Schmitt / Décision et Sécularisation dans la Réflexion de Jeunesse de Carl Schmitt / Decisión y Secularización en las Reflexiones de la Juventud de Carl Schmitt

RESUMO Este artigo se propõe a jogar luz em escritos de juventude de Carl Schmitt a fim de salientar sua relevância para a compreensão de alguns dos conceitos mais importantes elaborados ao longo de sua reflexão político-jurídica. A despeito de tais trabalhos, redigidos entre 1910 e 1914, serem pouco conhecidos, parte deles contém o estágio inicial do desenvolvimento de conceitos não apenas imprescindíveis à compreensão de sua obra, mas também à elucidação de terminologia central no vocabulário da teoria política contemporânea. O presente estudo revisita sobretudo um dos primeiros trabalhos de Schmitt com intuito de elucidar o percurso de elaboração dos conceitos de decisão, secularização, exceção e teologia política. Recuperar seus escritos até hoje relegados a segundo plano e iluminar a construção de alguns conceitos, não só permite questionar interpretações que os negligenciam como também chamar a atenção para a atualidade de suas ferramentas conceituais.

ABSTRACT This article aims to shed light on writings of the young Carl Schmitt in order to highlight their relevance to an understanding of several of the most significant concepts developed throughout Schmitt's political-legal reflections. Despite the fact that such works - written from 1910 to 1914 - remain relatively unknown, sections of them contain early glimpses of the development of concepts that are not only indispensable to an understanding of Schmitt's works, but also to a clarifying of vocabulary central to contemporary political theory. In this context, the present study reviews one of Schmitt's earliest works with the aim of revealing how the concepts of decision, secularization, exception, and political theology were developed. Reviewing works by the author relegated until now to the secondary sphere thus sheds light on the shaping of several concepts, not only allowing us to question interpretations to have neglected them, but also drawing our attention to the current relevance of Schmitt's conceptual tools.

RÉSUMÉ Cet article se propose de mettre en lumière les écrits de jeunesse de Carl Schmitt afin d'en souligner la pertinence pour la compréhension de certains des concepts les plus importants élaborés tout au long de sa réflexion politico-juridique. Même si ces travaux rédigés entre 1910 et 1914 demeurent peu connus, une partie d'entre eux contient l'étape initiale du développement de concepts non seulement indispensables à la compréhension de son œuvre, mais également à l'élucidation de la terminologie centrale du vocabulaire de la théorie politique contemporaine. La présente étude revisite surtout l'un des premiers textes de Schmitt dans le but d'analyser le parcours d'élaboration des concepts de décision, de sécularisation, d'exception et de théologie politique. Remettre au goût du jour ces écrits jusqu'aujourd'hui relégués au second plan et éclairer la construction de certains concepts ne nous permet pas seulement de remettre en question des interprétations qui les auraient négligés, mais également d'attirer l'attention sur l'actualité de ces outils conceptuels.

RESUMEN Este artículo se propone arrojar luz sobre los escritos de juventud de Carl Schmitt con el fin de destacar su relevancia para comprender algunos conceptos más importantes elaborados a lo largo de su reflexión político-jurídica. Aunque estos trabajos, escritos entre 1910 y 1914, son poco conocidos, parte de ellos contiene la fase inicial del desarrollo de conceptos que no solo resultan imprescindibles para comprender su obra, sino también para elucidar la terminología central del vocabulario de la teoría política contemporánea. El presente estudio revisa sobre todo uno de los primeros trabajos de Schmitt, con la intención de explicar el proceso de elaboración de los conceptos de decisión, secularización, excepción y teología política. Recuperar sus escritos hasta hoy relegados a un segundo plano e iluminar la construcción de algunos conceptos no solo permite cuestionar interpretaciones que los ignoran, sino también hacer hincapié en la actualidad de sus herramientas conceptuales.

A Case Report of A Variant of Lumbo-Sacral Transition Vertebrae: Castellvi Type Iia Sacralisation.

Lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) are congenital anomalies of the lumbosacral spine causing sacralisation or lumbarisation. Sacralisation has been defined as an abnormality where one of the transverse processes of L5 vertebra may articulate or fuse with the sacrum. The sacralisation has been studied for almost a century for its association with low back pain as “Bertolotti Syndrome”, but there are studies for and against its association. Castellvi in 1984 had propounded a radiographical classification identifying sacralisation in four sub types. Out of this, the Type IIA, is the least prevalent wherein there is a unilateral articulation of the L5 transverse process with the sacral ala. Inspite of the controversy, there is a high association of low back pain with disc degeneration, nerve root compression and degenerative facet joints observed with this condition. It is a widely researched vertebral anomaly for its anatomical, developmental and clinical ramifications.

Lumbarisation of the first sacral vertebra a rare form of lumbosacral transitional vertebra / Lumbarización de la primera vertebra sacra: rara forma de una vertebra de transición lumbosacral

In the lumbosacral region, anatomical variations occur with changes in the number of sacral vertebra either by deletion of first sacral vertebra or by the union of fifth lumbar or first coccygeal vertebra with sacrum. Lumbasacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) is the most common congenital anomalies of the lumbosacral region. It most commonly involves the fifth lumbar vertebra showing signs of fusion to the sacrum known as sacralisation or the first sacral vertebra shows signs of transition to a lumbar configuration commonly known as lumbarisation. Complete transition can result in numerical abnormalities of the lumbar and sacral vertebral segments. Lumbarisation of first sacral vertebra is seen with a very low incidence of 2%. Knowledge of presence of such vertebral variation will be helpful for the clinicians to diagnose and treat patients with low back pain. Although sacralisation of fifth lumbar vertebrae is most commonly seen when compared to lumbarisation of first sacral vertebrae, we report here a case of lumbarisation of first sacral vertebrae for its rarity among the LSTV and clinical implications.

En la región lumbosacra, las variaciones anatómicas se basan en cambios en el número de las vértebras sacras, ya sea por ausencia de la primera vértebra sacra o por unión de la quinta lumbar o primera vértebra caudal con el sacro. Las vértebras de transición lumbasacra (VTLS) son las anomalías congénitas más frecuentes de la región lumbosacra. La VTLS más común se produce a nivel de la quinta vértebra lumbar, con signos de fusión al sacro, proceso conocido como sacralización; mientras que la primera vértebra sacra también puede mostrar signos de transición a una configuración lumbar. A esto último se lo denomina lumbarización. La transición completa puede provocar anomalías numéricas a nivel de los segmentos vertebrales lumbares y sacros. La lumbarización de la primera vértebra sacra se observa con una incidencia muy baja, de solo 2%. El conocimiento de la presencia de dicha variación vertebral será de utilidad para los médicos al momento de diagnosticar y tratar a los pacientes con dolor en la parte baja de la espalda. Aunque la sacralización de la quinta vértebra lumbar se produce más frecuentemente en comparación con la lumbarización de la primera vértebra sacra, se presenta aquí un caso de lumbarización de la primera vértebra sacra, rara entre las VTLS, y con implicaciones clínicas.

2014: sobre a transmissão da psicanálise / 2014: concerning the transmission of psychoanalysis / 2014: con respecto a la transmisión del psicoanálisis

Partindo de cinco trabalhos a respeito da transmissão da psicanálise, o autor questiona o Instituto de Psicanálise como lugar privilegiado dessa transmissão, enfatizando a importância do caráter lúdico na mesma. Se em vez do jogo houver um predomínio do caráter ritualístico, a transmissão se perverte...

Five papers from different Latin American countries are the starting point for the author's considerations on psychoanalytical transmission. According to Levy Strauss' concepts of "hot" and "cold" societies, he emphasises that where there is a prevalence of play over rites the field of psychoanalytical transmission is closer to the Freudian spirit...

Tomando como base cinco trabajos que tratan sobre transmisión del psicoanálisis, el autor cuestiona el lugar privilegiado que ocupa el Instituto de Psicoanálisis en esa transmisión, enfatizando la importancia del carácter lúdico de la misma. Afirma que si en lugar del juego hay predominio de un carácter ritualístico, la transmisión se pervierte...

A study of sacralisation of coccygeal vertebra in Gujarat.

Introduction: In the sacrococcygeal region anatomical variations are related with change in the number of sacral vertebra by union of first coccyx with sacrum. This study is carried to know the prevalence of sacralisation of coccygeal vertebra in Gujarat Method: The present study of sacralisation of coccygeal vertebra was carried out on 189 dry human sacra of gujarati population,115 male and 74 female. Result: Sacralisation of coccygeal vertebra was seen in 45(23.8 %)cases Conclusion:This study considers several issues pertaining to fusion of the coccyx to the sacrum,including prevalence,sexual differences,effect on pelvic size and obstetrical and evolutionary implications. Clinally,the sacralisation of coccygeal vertebra is of paramount importance to surgeons especially pediatric surgeons and obstetricians.as it is a less known variant.