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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-230820

RÉSUMÉ

Drought stress significantly hampers crop growth and yield by negatively impacting various biochemical and physiological plant processes. This study aimed to assess drought tolerance in traditional rice varieties using Poly Ethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and focused on the effectiveness of melatonin applied through both seed treatment and foliar spray in mitigating the effects of drought stress. The optimal drought screening conditions were determined at a PEG concentration of -4 bars. As the PEG concentration increased, key factors such as germination percentage, vigor index, root length, and shoot length decreased. This indicates that PEG can be a useful tool for early selection of drought tolerant rice varieties. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), known for alleviating abiotic stress, showed positive effects on seed germination at 200 ppm concentration. The study observed that stomatal closure is a natural response to drought stress, but melatonin application induced partial stomatal opening. Notably, a foliar spray of 100 ppm melatonin demonstrated better recovery from drought stress compared to the 200 ppm concentration. In conclusion, the research suggests that seed treatment with 200 ppm melatonin and foliar spraying with 100 ppm melatonin are the most effective approaches for reducing the adverse effects of drought stress in rice plants.

2.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-230361

RÉSUMÉ

In the present investigation, roving survey was conducted during the October to February of 2020–2021 and 2021–22 to acquire information on the natural disease incidence and distribution of lentil wilt in the farmers’ fields in eight different districts of Madhya Pradesh. A pooled mean of disease incidence ranging from 6.62%–20.36% was observed during 2020–22. The district wise scenario of lentil wilt over a period of two consecutive years revealed that maximum average incidence of 18.96% was recorded in Sagar district followed by 17.67% in Khandwa district. However, minimum average wilt incidence of 12.17% was recorded in Mandla district followed by 12.55% in Jabalpur district. Looking to the occurrence of lentil wilt, Sagar, Khandwa, Damoh, Katni and Dindori were identified as hotspot pockets for occurrence of lentil wilt in surveyed districts of Madhya Pradesh. Further, reduction of 26.28% in wilt occurrence was recorded in the farmers’ practice advocated as seed treatment before sowing. Under the seven cropping patterns observed, the minimum wilt incidence of 13.96% was recorded in rice followed by lentil which is the most predominant cropping pattern across the surveyed locations. Further different varieties were screened for occurrence of lentil wilt at Sagar. Among the 14 varieties, maximum incidence of lentil wilt was recorded in PL 5 followed by Shekhar masoor 3. However, two varieties namely JL 1 and L 4076 were found free from wilt incidence in selected hot spot pocket for lentil wilt.

3.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-230147

RÉSUMÉ

The present study entitled “Potential of Zinc glycinate and Calcium chloride on morphological and yield characters of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)” was carried out to assess the effectof seed treatments during 2022-2023 to find the suitable seed treatment for wheat. Thirteen treatments along with control consists of Calcium chloride, Zinc glycinate and Calcium chloride & Zinc Glycinate in different concentrations, individually and combination as well. A Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used for statistical analysis. The main objectives of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of Zinc glycinate and Calcium chloride on morphological and yield parameters of Wheat and to determine the effective treatment for wheat. The results indicated that all treatments recorded significant variation for pre-harvest and post-harvest parameters that were studied. The treatment T12 (Calcium chloride + Zinc glycinate-7%+7%) significantly recorded the higher values in Field emergence(95.55%), Plant height(93.13 cm), Number of tillers per plant(5.73), Spike length(15.18 cm), Seed yield per plant(16.37g) and Harvest Index(40.09%), in comparision with other treatments and lowest recorded in T0(control). This study helps to find the best suitable seed treatment for wheat.

4.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-230112

RÉSUMÉ

Aims: To study the effect of chemicals, bioagents, botanical and domestically available material on plant growth, yield and yield attributing traits in mungbean var. Sweta.Study Design: The field experiment was conducted in Randomised Block Design.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Student Instruction Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur U.P during Zaid 2021 and Zaid 2022.Methodology: The seeds of mungbean var. Sweta were treated with Rhizobium @25 g/kg (T1), Trichoderma @10 g/kg (T2), Cypermethrin @3 g/kg (T3), Bavistin @3 g/kg (T4), Neem oil @5 ml/kg (T5) and Camphor @4 g/kg (T6) before sowing them in the field. At maturity, observations were recorded for plant height (cm), number of root nodules per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight (g) and total seed yield in q/ha, to know the effect of chemicals, bioagents, botanical and domestically available material on growth and seed yield in mungbean var. Sweta.Results: The treatment T5: Neem oil @ 5 ml/kg seed outperformed all the other treatments in terms of plant height (cm), number of root nodules per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight (g) and total seed yield in q/ha. However, treatment T1: Rhizobium @25 g/kg seed, exhibited superior performance in terms of the number of root nodules per plant when compared to all other treatments.Conclusion: The transitioning from chemical to natural seed treatment is essential, given its manifold advantages for agriculture, the environment, and human health. Neem oil has eco-friendly pest control and growth-enhancing properties which can fuel this promising shift toward a more sustainable future.

5.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-230043

RÉSUMÉ

The soybean seed (JS 335) was collected from 8 different seed production locations in Telangana state and were treated with different seed treatment chemicals. The seed quality parameters of soybean seed kept at ambient conditions in gunny bag were recorded at monthly intervals during storage. The results revealed that, among the various seed treatments chemicals, the seeds treated with Xelora (Thiophanate Methyl 45% + Pyraclostrobin 5% FS) @ 2 g kg-1 recorded significantly high seed quality parameters viz., seed germination per cent, seedling vigour index-II, field emergence, moisture per cent, seed infection per cent and low electrical conductivity compared to all other treatments. Among the seeds collected from different seed production locations the seed collected from Nirmal location had shown better seed quality parameters.

6.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-229169

RÉSUMÉ

The present investigation was carried out to find influences of different sowing dates with application of GA3 on germination and seedling growth of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in subtropical condition Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design with three replications during August-March (2022-23) at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh India. The 10 treatments comprised of five dates of sowing i.e., T1: 20 August 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @100ppm, T2: 20 August without seed treatment from GA3, T3: 5 September 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @ 100 ppm, T₄: 5 September without seed treatment from GA3, T5: 20 September 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @100ppm, T6: 20 September 2022 without seed treatment from GA3. T7: 5 October 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @100ppm, T8: 5 October 2022 without seed treatment from GA3, T9: 20 October 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @100ppm, T10: 20 October 2022 without seed treatment from GA3. From all the above treatments the highest percentage of germination was recorded from T7: 93.33% followed by T8: 90% and T10: 91.66% and vegetative growth of seedling was higher in T7 followed by T8 and T9. All the treatments are sown in nursery through seed propagation after that transplanted in main field level for observe germination parameters and vegetative growth of Cape gooseberry seedling influenced by different sowing dates.

7.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: 1-7, 2023. tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468883

RÉSUMÉ

The low Brazilian productive index and the high demand have aroused interest in the cultivation of lentils, however the legume is little known and needs further studies. The objective of this study was to analyze and identify the effects of treatments with insecticides and fungicides on the physiological quality of lentil seeds, CA-1512 strain. The experiments were conducted in the seed laboratory in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicates. Seed treatment with Thiophanate-methyl; Fluazinam® (180 ml) + Pyraclostrobin; Thiophanate-methyl; Fipronil® (150 ml) promoted higher levels of germination under accelerated aging, lower number of abnormal seedlings and longer lengths of shoot and radicle for the emergence in paper. Treatment with Carboxin; Thiram® (250 ml) + Imidacloprid® (150 ml) allowed a higher value in the first count of germination in sand, lower number of dead seeds under accelerated aging and longer root length, in the emergence in sand. Shoot length in the emergence in sand increased after seed treatment with Metalaxyl-M; Fludioxonil® (75 ml) + Pyraclostrobin; Thiophanate-methyl; Fipronil® (150 ml). Treatments with fungicides and insecticides considerably improved the physiological properties of the seeds, thus being able to guarantee greater phytosanitary qualities in the field, generating healthier seedlings and with protection against possible pests and diseases, and consequently guaranteeing greater productivity.


O baixo índice produtivo brasileiro e a alta demanda têm despertado o interesse no cultivo da lentilha, porém a leguminosa é pouco conhecida e necessita maiores estudos. Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar e identificar tratamentos com inseticidas e fungicidas na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de lentilha, linhagem CA-1512. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no laboratório de sementes em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. O tratamento de semente com Tiofanato-metílico; Fluazinam® (180 ml) + Piraclosrobina; Tiofanato-metílico; Fipronil® (150 ml) proporcionou índices mais elevados de germinação no envelhecimento acelerado, menor número de plântulas anormais e maior comprimento de parte aérea e radícula, na emergência em papel. O tratamento com Carboxina; Tiram® (250 ml) + Imidacloprido® (150 ml) possibilitou maior índice na primeira contagem de germinação em areia, menor número de sementes mortas no envelhecimento acelerado e maior comprimento de raiz, na emergência em areia. Já o comprimento da parte aérea, na emergência em areia, aumentou com o tratamento de semente Metalaxil-M; Fludioxonil® (75 ml) + Piraclosrobina; Tiofanato-metílico; Fipronil® (150 ml). Os tratamentos com fungicidas e inseticidas melhoraram consideravelmente as propriedades fisiológicas das sementes, podendo assim, garantir maiores qualidades fitossanitárias à campo, gerando plântulas mais sadias e com proteção para possíveis pragas e doenças, e consequentemente garantindo maiores produtividades.


Sujet(s)
Fongicides industriels/administration et posologie , Insecticides/administration et posologie , Lens/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Lens/physiologie , Graines/croissance et développement
8.
Braz. j. biol ; 832023.
Article de Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469099

RÉSUMÉ

Abstract The low Brazilian productive index and the high demand have aroused interest in the cultivation of lentils, however the legume is little known and needs further studies. The objective of this study was to analyze and identify the effects of treatments with insecticides and fungicides on the physiological quality of lentil seeds, CA-1512 strain. The experiments were conducted in the seed laboratory in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicates. Seed treatment with Thiophanate-methyl; Fluazinam® (180 ml) + Pyraclostrobin; Thiophanate-methyl; Fipronil® (150 ml) promoted higher levels of germination under accelerated aging, lower number of abnormal seedlings and longer lengths of shoot and radicle for the emergence in paper. Treatment with Carboxin; Thiram® (250 ml) + Imidacloprid® (150 ml) allowed a higher value in the first count of germination in sand, lower number of dead seeds under accelerated aging and longer root length, in the emergence in sand. Shoot length in the emergence in sand increased after seed treatment with Metalaxyl-M; Fludioxonil® (75 ml) + Pyraclostrobin; Thiophanate-methyl; Fipronil® (150 ml). Treatments with fungicides and insecticides considerably improved the physiological properties of the seeds, thus being able to guarantee greater phytosanitary qualities in the field, generating healthier seedlings and with protection against possible pests and diseases, and consequently guaranteeing greater productivity.


Resumo O baixo índice produtivo brasileiro e a alta demanda têm despertado o interesse no cultivo da lentilha, porém a leguminosa é pouco conhecida e necessita maiores estudos. Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar e identificar tratamentos com inseticidas e fungicidas na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de lentilha, linhagem CA-1512. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no laboratório de sementes em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. O tratamento de semente com Tiofanato-metílico; Fluazinam® (180 ml) + Piraclosrobina; Tiofanato-metílico; Fipronil® (150 ml) proporcionou índices mais elevados de germinação no envelhecimento acelerado, menor número de plântulas anormais e maior comprimento de parte aérea e radícula, na emergência em papel. O tratamento com Carboxina; Tiram® (250 ml) + Imidacloprido® (150 ml) possibilitou maior índice na primeira contagem de germinação em areia, menor número de sementes mortas no envelhecimento acelerado e maior comprimento de raiz, na emergência em areia. Já o comprimento da parte aérea, na emergência em areia, aumentou com o tratamento de semente Metalaxil-M; Fludioxonil® (75 ml) + Piraclosrobina; Tiofanato-metílico; Fipronil® (150 ml). Os tratamentos com fungicidas e inseticidas melhoraram consideravelmente as propriedades fisiológicas das sementes, podendo assim, garantir maiores qualidades fitossanitárias à campo, gerando plântulas mais sadias e com proteção para possíveis pragas e doenças, e consequentemente garantindo maiores produtividades.

9.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 42(3): 1019-1032, mai.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1371147

RÉSUMÉ

Ozonation has been evaluated as an alternative method for seed treatment. In this context, the goal of this study was to evaluate the saturation process and kinetics of decomposition of ozone in a porous medium composed of quinoa BRS Syetetuba and possible changes in seed quality. Ozone concentration and saturation time in the porous medium and half-life were determined by adopting an inlet ozone concentration of 885 ppm and a flow rate of 5.0 L min-1 at 25 °C. The ozonation periods adopted were 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Regarding the physiological quality of the seeds, the germination percentage, germination speed index, electrical conductivity, and length of the shoot, root, and normal seedlings were analyzed. At the inlet ozone concentration of 885 ppm and a flow rate of 5.0 L min-1, the saturation concentration and saturation time in the porous medium composed of quinoa were 522.5 ppm and 12.0 min, respectively. The half-life of ozone in the porous medium was 6.08 min at 25 °C. Under these conditions, ozonation did not affect the physiological quality of quinoa BRS Syetetuba seeds for up to 120 min.(AU)


A ozonização tem sido avaliada como método alternativo para tratamento de sementes. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o processo de saturação e a cinética de decomposição do ozônio em meio poroso composto de quinoa, cv. BRS Syetetuba, e possíveis alterações na qualidade das sementes. Determinaramse a concentração e o tempo de saturação do ozônio no meio poroso e a meia-vida, adotando-se concentração de entrada de 885 ppm, vazão de 5,0 L min-1, a 25 ºC. Os períodos de ozonização adotados foram 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 min. Quanto à qualidade fisiológica das sementes, analisaram-se o percentual de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, condutividade elétrica e comprimentos da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e das plântulas normais. Para concentração de entrada do ozônio de 885 ppm e vazão de 5,0 L min-1, a concentração e o tempo de saturação do ozônio no meio poroso composto de quinoa foi de 522,5 ppm e 12,0 min, respectivamente. A meia-vida do ozônio em meio poroso foi de 6,08 min, a 25 ºC. Nas condições a adotadas, a ozonização não afeta a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de quinoa, cv. BRS Syetetuba, por até 120 min.(AU)


Sujet(s)
Ozonation , Germination , Chenopodium quinoa , Période
10.
Rev. peru. biol. (Impr.) ; 25(1): 29-34, ene.-mar. 2018. ilus
Article de Espagnol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094297

RÉSUMÉ

Krameria lappacea (ratania) ha sido utilizada y reconocida como planta medicinal y tintura vegetal desde épocas precolombinas. En los últimos 15 años se han estudiado la biología, propagación y abundancia de ratania en Perú y desarrollado métodos que garanticen una recolección silvestre sostenible. El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar qué factores limitan la propagación natural y evaluar si una resiembra de semillas durante la recolección puede facilitar el establecimiento de plantas nuevas in situ. Al investigarse la germinación de las semillas y la propagación in situ pudo comprobarse mediante experimentos de invernadero que el entierro de las semillas es un factor limitante para la germinación de K. lappacea y que la tasa de germinación puede incrementarse significativamente (3 - 4x) al enterrar las semillas. Tanto la resiembra de las semillas en los hoyos realizados tras la cosecha, así como la resiembra más esparcida en parcelas seleccionadas, puede contribuir al reforzamiento de la regeneración natural. Las raíces secundarias que quedan en el suelo después de la cosecha forman un nuevo meristemo y dan lugar al desarrollo de nuevas plantas. El pre-tratamiento de las semillas (escarificación) no produce ningún efecto claro en el éxito de la germinación, sin embargo, esta práctica facilita la manipulación durante la resiembra, asegurando que únicamente semillas viables y completamente desarrolladas sean utilizadas posteriormente


Krameria lappacea (rhatany) is a well established medicinal and dye plant that is used since pre-Colombian times. In the last 15 years the biology, distribution and abundance of rhatany in Peru was investigated and methods for a sustainable wildcrafting were developed. The objective of this work was to investigate which factors limit the natural propagation and to explore whether the reseeding measures can contribute to the establishment of new plants in situ. Investigating the germination and in situ propagation, greenhouse trials showed that the seed burial is an important, limiting factor for the germination of K. lappacea und the germination rate can be increased (3-4x) by burying the seeds. Both the burial of the seeds during collection and re-sowing measures on selected lots can contribute to the rejuvenation of the population. Secondary roots, which are left in the ground during harvest, are showed to form new shoot meristems and develop into new plants. Pre-treatment (scarification) of the fruits does not clearly influence the germination success, but it facilitates the handling of the seeds during re-sowing and ensures the use of only fully developed, viable seeds

11.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; Braz. arch. biol. technol;60: e17160128, 2017. tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-839104

RÉSUMÉ

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different seed coatings consisting of various combinations of three nutrients (calcium, magnesium and silicon) on two soybean cultivars (BRS 243 RR and CD 233 RR). Dolomitic limestone and aluminum silicate were chosen as the nutrient sources. Leaf area, plant height, shoots dry matter, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were the studied variables, evincing that the seed coating that comprised calcium, magnesium and silicon led to better performance in terms of growth rates 30 days after emergence. Significant differences in the response to the seed coatings were also observed between the two studied soybean genotypes.

12.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);46(5): 764-770, May 2016. tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-777299

RÉSUMÉ

ABSTRACT: The present study aims to investigate garlic, pepper and coriander plant extract as well as neem and orange peel essential oil effective ness to control Alternaria alternata and Alternaria dauci and their efficiency during carrot seeds germination and emergence. A completely randomized design was used in three different experiments. The first experiment evaluated the effect of plant extracts and essential oils on the incidence of A. alternata and A. dauci. It was done by means of a factorial design applied to five treatments (garlic, pepper, coriander, and neem and orange peel essential oils) at three concentrations (10, 20 and 30%).They also evaluated the controls untreated and with fungicide (Thiram).The second experiment evaluated the effect of the treatment at30% concentration on the germination and emergence of seedlings assessed on trays, and in the third experiment, the presence of A. alternata and A. dauci on the pericarp, endosperm and on the embryo. A. alternata showed higher incidence than A. dauci. The garlic extract and the orange essential oil showed the potential to control A. dauci and A. alternata, because their lower concentrations were able to sufficiently reduce the incidence of these fungi and because they do not affect carrot seeds germination and emergence. A. alternata conidia were found on the embryo (8%), pericarp (17%) and endosperm (31%).


RESUMO: O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar a eficiência de extratos vegetais de alho (Allium sativum L.), pimenta dedo-de-moça (Capsicum baccatum L.), coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.), óleos essenciais de nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) e laranja (Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)) no controle de A. alternata e A. dauci, bem como, sobre a germinação e emergência de sementes de cenoura. Foram realizados três experimentos com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se o efeito dos extratos e óleos essenciais vegetais sobre a incidência de A. alternata e A. dauci, em esquema fatorial com cinco tratamentos (alho, pimenta, coentro e óleos essenciais de nim e de laranja), em três concentrações (10, 20 e 30%), acrescido das testemunhas sem tratamento e com fungicida (Thiram). No segundo experimento, avaliou-se o efeito dos tratamentos a 30%, sobre a germinação e emergência de plântulas em bandejas e, no terceiro, a presença de A. alternata e A. dauci no pericarpo, endosperma e embrião. O fungo A. alternata apresentou maior incidência que A. dauci. O extrato de alho e o óleo essencial de laranja demonstraram potencial para o controle de A. alternata e A. dauci, pois, na menor concentração, reduziram satisfatoriamente a incidência desses fungos e foram inócuos a germinação e emergência de sementes de cenoura. Conídios de A. alternata foram identificados no embrião (8%), pericarpo (17%) e endosperma (31%).

13.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);46(2): 210-215, fev. 2016. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-767653

RÉSUMÉ

Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for corn production. Thereby, the goal of the paper was to evaluate inoculation methods of Azospirillum brasilense in order to partially supply N required by the crop. The experiment was carried out in Guarapuava, PR, Brasil, in 2011/2012 growing season. Randomized blocks with factorial 3 inoculation methods (seed treatment, planting furrow and non-inoculated control) x 5 doses of nitrogen (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300kg ha-1) x 8 replications was used as the experimental design. Leaf are index, foliar nitrogen content, total chlorophyll, grains per ear and yield were evaluated. There was significant interaction between inoculation methods and nitrogen fertilization to leaf area index, but not for yield. Inoculation with the diazotrophic bacteria provided yield increase of 702kg ha-1 for inoculation in seeding furrow and 432kg ha-1 for inoculation in seed treatment compared to the control, but both treatments did not differ between each other. Furthermore, total chlorophyll, grains per ear and yield were positively affected, with quadratic response, by the nitrogen fertilization in broadcasting.


O nitrogênio (N) é o nutriente que mais limita a produtividade da cultura do milho. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar métodos de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense para suprir em parte o nitrogênio requerido pela cultura. O experimento foi conduzido em Guarapuava, PR, Brasil, no ano agrícola de 2011/2012. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 métodos de inoculação (tratamento de sementes, sulco de plantio e controle não inoculado) x 5 doses de nitrogênio (0, 75, 150, 225 e 300kg ha-1), com oito repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: índice de área foliar (IAF), teor de N foliar, clorofila total, grãos por espiga e produtividade. Houve interação significativa entre os métodos de inoculação e a adubação nitrogenada para a variável IAF, mas não para a produtividade. Concluiu-se que a inoculação com a bactéria proporcionou incremento na produtividade de 702kg ha-1 para inoculação no sulco de semeadura e de 432kg ha-1 no tratamento de sementes, comparado com o controle, mas não houve diferença significativa entre esses dois tratamentos. Além disso, o teor de clorofila total, número de grãos por espiga e produtividade foram afetados positivamente, obtendo-se resposta quadrática, com aplicação da adubação nitrogenada.

14.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 32(1): 140-149, jan./fev. 2016. ilus, tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-965267

RÉSUMÉ

The objective was to evaluate the effect of seed wheat coated with zinc, in its physiological, sanitary attributes and enzyme quality, during storage. We used two batches of seed, for seed treatment, we used commercial product as a source of zinc in the form of ZnSO4, along with fungicide and polymer. It was tested for levels 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mL ZnSO4 kg-1 seed. The physiological quality, during the storage period, was analyzed by the tests: moisture content, hectoliter weight, germination, emergence, index emergence rate, tetrazolium and sanity test. It was concluded that the doses 3 mL and 4 mL of ZnSO4 to assist in the ultimate expression of the seeds physiological quality, until six months stocked. This coating promotes a smaller reduction in the viability of seeds, furthermore, results in a lower incidence of fungi on seeds during storage. Also help to maximize the expression of physiological seed quality of higher and lower quality, respectively. The micronutrient zinc associated with fungicide and polymer had a lower incidence of fungi during the storage period.


O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do recobrimento de sementes de trigo com zinco, por meio de atributos fisiológicos e sanitários durante o armazenamento. Foram utilizados dois lotes de sementes e para tratamento, utilizou-se produto comercial com fonte de zinco na forma de ZnSO4, fungicida e polímero. Foram testados níveis de 0; 1; 2; 3 e 4 mL de ZnSO4.kg-1 de semente. A avaliação da qualidade fisiológica, durante o período de armazenamento foi realizada por: teor de água, peso hectolítrico, germinação, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência e teste de tetrazólio e o teste de sanidade. Concluiu-se que o recobrimento de sementes de trigo com sulfato de zinco nas doses de 3 a 4 mL. kg-1 de semente, são eficientes na maximização da qualidade fisiológica das sementes, até seis meses de armazenamento. Este recobrimento promove menor redução na viabilidade das sementes, além disso, resulta em menor incidência de fungos nas sementes durante o armazenamento. Também auxiliam na maximização da expressão da qualidade fisiológica das sementes de maior e menor qualidade, respectivamente. O micronutriente zinco associado com fungicida e polímero apresentaram menor incidência de fungos ao longo do período de armazenamento.


Sujet(s)
Graines , Triticum , Stockage des aliments , Zinc
15.
China Pharmacy ; (12): 1002-1004, 2016.
Article de Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-504333

RÉSUMÉ

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the patent application of artificial cultivation and seed treatment technology of Paridis Rhizoma and natural resources protection. METHODS:Retrieved from State Intellectual Property Office patent database,“Paridis Rhizoma”and“Paris polyphylla”were used as search keywords from 1985 to March 31,2015;Paridis Rhizoma cultiva-tion and seed treatment technology patents as research object were analyzed in fields of the amount of patent application,regional construction and legal status,etc. RESULTS:Among 54 Paridis Rhizoma cultivation patent application,there were 19 applications from Yunnan,9 from Sichuan,8 from Hubei,5 from Anhui,4 from Hunan,3 from Guizhou,2 from Jiangxi,1 from Fujian, Shanxi,Jiangsu,Guangxi respectively;there were 18 licensed patents,and 13 licensed patents maintained more than 3 years, among which 1 patent right transferred;from aspect of patent without right,6 patent right were given up due to fail to pay annual fee,1 rejected and 5 withdrawn;from main types of patent proposer,enterprise submitted 24 patent application,universities 15, scientific research institutes 8 and other 7. 24 enterprise patents involved 21 enterprises,indicating that patent protection net didn’t form due to disperse proposers. CONCLUSIONS:Patent application is mainly from Yunnan. There still are some problems,such as small number of patent applications,poor quality of application writing,little patent transformation. It is suggested to plan artificial cultivation technology,enhance the quality of patent application,pay attention to patent operation and achievement transformation and other measures,in order to protect Paridis Rhizoma resource and industrial development.

16.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 19(4): 253-257, out.-dez. 2016. tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-833175

RÉSUMÉ

As sementes do gênero Crotalaria L., de um modo geral, apresentam dificuldades no processo germinativo. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a eficiência do extrato bruto de Brunfelsia uniflora na germinação de Crotalaria spectabilis. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram extratos das folhas e flores de B. uniflora nas concentrações 25, 50, 100% e tratamento testemunha (0%). O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de Fitopatologia da Universidade Paranaense ­ UNIPAR, Umuarama - PR. As folhas e frutos coletados foram expostos à secagem natural e posteriormente submetidos ao processo de maceração dinâmica com esgotamento e rota evaporação do etanol, obtendo o extrato bruto. As sementes foram expostas as diluições do extratos durante dois minutos, na sequência, foram dispostas para a secagem e distribuídas em rolo papel e armazenados na B.O.D., na temperatura de 26ºC. Na contagem, aos 4 e 10 dias, determinou-se a porcentagem de plântulas normais e anormais, sementes duras e dormentes. Os extratos brutos da folha e flor de B. uniflora não ocasionaram diferenças estatísticas significativas para as variáveis analisadas, demonstrando ausência de efeito antagônico.


Seeds of the Crotalaria L. genus present difficulties in the germination process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of crute extract of Brunfelsia uniflora in the germination of Crotalaria spectabilis. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted in B. uniflora leaf and flower extract at concentrations of 25, 50, 100% and one control treatment (0%). The experiment was performed in the Laboratory of Phytopathology at Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR, Umuarama - PR. The leaves and fruits collected were exposed to natural drying and then submitted to a dynamic maceration process with depletion and ethanol rotavaporation in order to obtain the crude extract. The seeds were exposed to the extract dilutions for two minutes, and then were arranged for drying, distributed on paper roll and stored in the B.O.D. at the temperature of 26 °C. At days 4 and 10, the percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings, hard and dormant seeds were determined. The crude extracts of B. uniflora leaves and flowers of did not cause significant statistical differences for the variables analyzed, demonstrating the absence of an antagonistic effect.


Las semillas del género Crotalaria L., en general, presentan dificultades en el proceso de germinación. El objetivo de la investigación ha sido evaluar la eficacia del extracto crudo Brunfelsia uniflora en la germinación de Crotalaria spectabilis. El diseño fue completamente al azar, con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron los extractos de las hojas y flores de B. uniflora a concentraciones de 25, 50 y 100%, y tratamiento testigo (0%). El experimento se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Fitopatología de la Universidad Paranaense - UNIPAR, Umuarama - PR. Las hojas y frutos recogidos fueron expuestos a secado natural y después sometidos al proceso de maceración dinámica con agotamiento y ruta de la evaporación del etanol, obteniendo el extracto crudo. Las semillas fueron expuestas a las diluciones de los extractos durante dos minutos, enseguida, fueron dispuestas en rollo de papel y almacenadas en B.O.D., a temperatura de 26°C. En el recuento, al 4º y 10º día, se determinó el porcentaje de plántulas normales y anormales, semillas duras y latentes. Los extractos crudos de hojas y flor de B. uniflora no resultaron en diferencias estadísticamente significativas para las variables analizadas, demostrando ausencia de efecto antagónico.


Sujet(s)
Crotalaria/embryologie , Franciscaea uniflora/administration et posologie , Franciscaea uniflora/analyse , Germination/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques
17.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 31(4): 1092-1101, july/aug. 2015.
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-964563

RÉSUMÉ

This study evaluated the symptoms of attack by the green belly stink bug, Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), in conventional and transgenic commercial corn (Zea mays) hybrids, the seeds of which were either treated using the insecticide thiamethoxam or without chemical treatment. The experiment was conducted during the 2010/2011 crop season in Pindorama, São Paulo State, Brazil. The percentage of plants with symptoms or injuries was recorded by visually evaluating the degree or intensity of attack symptoms. The height of the plants was also recorded on a weekly basis, until the plants were 40 DAE. We also measured yield compounds, such as the number of rows of grain/spikes, spike weight (with and without straw), and grain weight. The seeds of hybrids that had previously been treated with thiamethoxam showed lower percentage of the number of plants that were attacked. Further, the grain weight of the plants increased 29.5% more than that of plants from untreated seeds. It was also found that transgenic hybrids exhibited lower height reduction in 40 DAE plants than did conventional isolines. Visual inspection is effective in assessing the degree of injury caused by attacks to the developing plants.


Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar os sintomas de ataque de D. melacanthus e seus respectivos danos, ocasionados em diferentes híbridos comerciais convencionais e transgênicos, submetidos ou não ao tratamento químico de sementes. O experimento foi realizado no ano agrícola de 2010/2011, em área experimental da APTA, Polo Regional Centro Norte, localizado em Pindorama, SP. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a porcentagem de plantas com sintomas ou injúrias de ataque, avaliando-se o grau ou intensidade de sintomas de ataque nas plantas, através de uma escala visual de notas de danos. A altura das plantas foi avaliada semanalmente até os 40 dias de idade das plantas (DAE). Avaliou-se as características de produtividade como o número de fileiras de grãos/espiga, peso (g) de espiga com e sem palha, e peso de grãos (g). Verificou-se que híbridos cujas sementes foram tratadas previamente com inseticida sistêmico thiametoxam, apresentaram menor porcentagem de plantas atacadas, maior desenvolvimento e aumento de 29,5% no peso de grãos em comparação às plantas oriundas de sementes não tratadas. Verificou-se também que os híbridos transgênicos apresentaram menor redução da altura aos 40 DAE, do que as suas isolinhas convencionais. A escala visual de notas foi eficiente para avaliar o grau de sintomas ou injúrias causadas pelo ataque da praga às plantas em desenvolvimento.


Sujet(s)
Graines , Zea mays , Heteroptera , Aliment génétiquement modifié , Rendement , Insectes
18.
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-168496

RÉSUMÉ

Seed treatment protects the seed or young plant against pests and diseases transmitted by seed or soil and stimulates germination and plant growth. Extracts from three Chadian plants, prepared from leaves of Azadirachta indica and bark of Boswellia dalzielii and Cassia sieberiana were evaluated for their efficacy as seed treatment on two varieties of cotton seeds; Stam F and A51 in Petri dishes and plastic trays. Cotton seed were soaked separately for one hour in various concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic extracts and plated on blotters as well as in sterilized soil in plastic trays. The results showed that seed treated with leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica and bark of Boswellia dalzielii reduced significantly (P ≤ 0,05) seed borne infection, improved seed germination and vigour index of cotton seeds when compared to those treated with Cassia sieberiana bark extract and distilled water. It can be suggested that extracts of A. indica and B. dalzielli have antifungal effect and can be used to treat seed against seed borne pathogens of cotton, increase seed germination and vigour index.

19.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2015 Mar; 53(3): 184-188
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-158413

RÉSUMÉ

Valeriana officinalis is an important medicinal herb commonly found in Kashmir valley. This study forms an important preliminary step for in-vitro micro propagation of V. officinalis from breaking the seed dormancy, inducing rapid seed germination and its subsequent micro propagation. We investigated the influence of pretreatment of V. officinalis seeds with reduced temperature and light on seed germination and in-vitro propagation. Culture of explants from cultivated seeds have demonstrated its potential for in vitro propagation and plantlet regeneration. Individual as well as combinations of treatments such as temperature and light availability influenced the germination of seeds variedly. Unchilled seeds of V. officinalis were given dip in GA3 (200 ppm) for 24, 48 and 120 h. Seeds treated with GA3 for 24 h and kept in darkness showed the best results, i.e. 48%. Seeds pretreated with GA3 for 120 h and incubated in dark showed 40% germination. Pre-chilling up to 72 h and kept in light showed maximum germination of 60% followed by 40% kept in darkness. Pre-chilling for 48 h resulted in 40 and 25% seed germination in light and darkness, respectively. GA3 pre-treatment for 72 h and 24 h pre chilling were most effective in inducing seed germination. Maximum shoot response was obtained on MS enriched with BAP (1mg/L) + IAA (0.1mg/L) combinations using shoot tips as explants. Multiple shoot regeneration from shoot apices was recorded on BAP (1mg/L) and BAP (1mg/L) + IAA (0.1mg/L).


Sujet(s)
Basse température , Milieux de culture/pharmacologie , Relation dose-effet des médicaments , Gibbérellines/effets des radiations , Culture hydroponique/méthodes , Photopériode , Facteur de croissance végétal/pharmacologie , Graines/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Graines/effets des radiations , Valeriana/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Valeriana/croissance et développement , Valeriana/effets des radiations
20.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 30(6): 1682-1691, nov./dec. 2014. tab, graf
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-948050

RÉSUMÉ

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do sombreamento e o incrustamento de sementes sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de cultivares de Panicum maximum. O experimento foi realizado no ano de 2011 no setor de Fitotecnia da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade de Aquidauana, sendo o solo da área classificado como Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico. Foram utilizadas sementes convencionais, com alta pureza física, e sementes incrustadas compostas de material colante de macro e micronutrientes. Utilizaram-se três cultivares de P. maximum: Tanzânia, Mombaça e Massai. Os ambientes de cultivo consistiram de pleno sol (A1) e casa de vegetação com 50% de sombreamento (A2). Por não haver repetições dos ambientes, cada um foi considerado um experimento. Para cada ambiente de cultivo, foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (dois tipos de sementes x três cultivares), com quatro repetições, realizando análises de variâncias individuais e análise conjunta dos experimentos para a comparação dos ambientes de cultivo. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres morfogênicos: altura da planta (AP), comprimento da lâmina foliar (CLF), número de perfilho (NP), aos 27, 40 e 54 dias após a semeadura (DAS), e massa de matéria seca da parte aérea (MSA) e das raízes (MSR) aos 60 DAS. O ambiente A2 proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento às cultivares de P. maximum. O tratamento com sementes revestidas não influenciou as variáveis mensuradas, com exceção do NP. A cultivar Mombaça apresentou melhor desenvolvimento em relação às demais, porém, para o parâmetro NP, a cultivar Massai obteve os maiores valores.


The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of shading and seed coating on the initial development of cultivars of Panicum maximum. The experiment was conducted in 2011 in the field of Plant Science, State University of Mato Grosso of Sul, Unit Aquidauana, and the soil of the area classified as dystrophic Alfissol. We used conventional seeds with high physical purity, and seed coated bonding material of macro and micronutrients. We used three cultivars of P. maximum: Tanzania, Mombasa and Massai. The cultivation environments consisted of full sun (C1) and a greenhouse with 50% shade (C2). Because there is no repetition of environments, each experiment was considered. For each culture environment, we adopted the randomized block design in a factorial 2 x 3 (two types of seed cultivars x three cultivars) with four replications, performing variance analysis and pooled analysis of individual experiments to compare the environments cultivation. We evaluated the following morphometric characters: plant height (PH), leaf blade length (LBL), number of tillers (NT) at 27, 40 and 54 days after sowing (DAS) and dry mass of shoots (DMS) and roots (DMR) at 60 DAS. The development environment provided better C2 cultivars of P. maximum. The coated seed treatment did not influence the variables measured, with the exception of NT. The cultivar Mombaca showed better development in relation to others, but for the parameter NP, the cultivar Massai obtained the highest values.


Sujet(s)
Graines , Pâturage , Panicum
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