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Aims@#The aim of this study was to determine which natural and inexpensive materials induced the highest production of prodigiosin pigment in local Serratia marcescens isolates. Furthermore, this study focused on purifying and identifying a single red pigment among several pigments in the crude extract of S. marcescens by HPLC. @*Methodology and results@#Two isolates of S. marcescens (S1 and S2) were isolated from urine and a urinary catheter. Isolates were identified based on the red color of colonies when growing on nutrient agar medium incubated at 28 °C, which gave an adverse reaction to Gram stain; the diagnosis was completed with several biochemical tests. The highest yield of this pigment was investigated using Luria-Bertani (LB) medium supplemented with available materials (sesame, peanut, and coconut meat seed powders). Results showed that LB containing sesame powder medium induced the highest prodigiosin production in S1 and S2 isolates (179.398 and 107.280 unit/cell, respectively). On the other hand, S1 and S2 isolates on LB supplemented with peanut medium produced 150.492 and 93.970 units/cell of prodigiosin, respectively. However, coconut meat supplement through LB failed to induce bacteria to synthesize the pigment. The pigment was identified in a retention time equal to 2.2 min through crude extraction and prodigiosin (with red color) was purified successfully by the preparative-HPLC technique.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#This study successfully showed that natural and inexpensive products were able to induce prodigiosin pigment production from local S. marcescens isolates. Results showed that sesame seed powder was the best carbon source that induced prodigiosin, followed by peanut seed powder. Prodigiosin was identified and purified successfully by the preparative-HPLC technique. Research findings suggest that low-cost materials could be used to reduce the cost of prodigiosin production.
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A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, to study the “Response of sesame growth and yield to jivamrut” during kharif season of 2020 with Seven treatment combinations comprising, three levels of jivamrut, two time of application of jivamrut and one control (No jivamrut) were evaluated in randomized block design (in a factorial arrangement) with single control and replicated four times. The results of present investigation revealed that significantly the highest plant height and branches per plant were found with application of jivamrut. Levels of jivamrut and time of application of jivamrut were found non-significant with respect to plant height. Time of application of jivamrut was found significant with respect to branches per plant but levels of jivamrut was found non-significant. The yield attributes of sesame viz., number of capsules per plant, test weight, seed yield and stalk yield were found significant due to application of jivamrut, levels of jivamrut and time of application of jivamrut. Application of jivamrut was found significant but levels and time of application of jivamrut were found non-significant with respect to number of seeds per capsule. Application jivamrut provided significantly higher seed (556 kg/ha) and stalk (1425 kg/ha) yields of sesame, in case of levels of jivamrut (L3) 1000 lit/ha recorded significantly higher seed (607 kg/ha) and stalk (1513 kg/ha) yields of sesame and application of jivamrut at 20 days interval recorded significantly higher seed (647 kg/ha) and stalk (1708 kg/ha) yields as well as higher net return and benefit: cost ratio also found with this (L3) and 20 days interval. Interaction was found non-significant for yield attributes and yield.
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The current study focuses on harnessing genetic variation and employing selection indices for evaluating thirty-four advanced sesame breeding lines, alongside four checks (DS-5, DSS-9, JTS-8, and TKG-22). The evaluation encompassed the assessment of fifteen quantitative traits during the summer of 2022 at the AICRP on Sesame and Niger, MARS, UAS, Dharwad. Particularly noteworthy was the high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variation observed for traits such as the number of secondary branches per plant, yield per plant (g) and seed yield (Kg/ha). The highest heritability coupled with the greatest genetic advance over the mean was detected for the number of primary branches per plant, suggesting a predominant role of additive genetic components in their expression and indicating a promising avenue for direct selection. The study involved the construction of thirty-one selection indices using the discriminant function technique, which incorporated five key traits: seed yield per plant (g) (X1), days to maturity (X2), number of productive capsules per plant (X3), thousand seed weight (g) (X4), and oil content (%) (X5). Among these various selection indices, the one comprising all component characters (X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5) exhibited the highest expected genetic advance and relative efficiency.
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The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationships between seed yield and yield-attributing characters in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as well as evaluating their direct and indirect effects. Results indicated that number of capsules per plant (0.806) and 1000-seed weight (0.657) showed positive correlation with seed yield per plant . Path coefficient analysis indicated that number of capsules per plant (0.806) and 1000 seed weight (0.111) exhibited positive direct effect on seed yield. Positive indirect effect was observed through number of branches per plant via number of capsules per plant (0.657). Number of capsules per plant exhibited positive indirect effect via 1000 seed weight (0.111). Since, it showed strong correlation and direct effect on seed yield per plant, selecting for this trait may leads to improvement of seed yield per plant. Present study revealed that the traits viz., number of capsules per plant and 1000 seed weight association was highly desirable as the improvement in any of the yield components results into overall increase in seed yield. Selection among genotypes based on this analyses can be made for further improvement in seed yield per plant and its contributing characters.
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The present research conducted over 96 exotic sesame accessions with five checks, to identify the minimum number of components, which could explain maximum variability out of the total variability using Principal Component Analysis (PCA); The investigation was performed under Project Co-ordinating Unit (Sesame and Niger) Research Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during kharif 2018 using Augmented block design. Among the studied traits, Component 1 had the contribution from the traits viz., number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, oil content and seed yield/plant, which accounted 30.71% to the total variability. Days to flower initiation and days to 50% flowering had contributed 17.11% to the total variability in component 2. The remaining variabilities of 11.26%, 9.94%, 7.48% and 6.73% were consolidated in PC3, PC4, PC5 and PC6 respectievely by various traits like number of secondary branches/plant, capsule length, days to maturity, thousand seed weight and plant height . The cumulative variance of 83.23% of total variation among 12 characters was explained by the first six axes. On the basis of PC scores PC1, PC3 and PC5 accounting mainly to yield and quality traits containing accesions viz., EC-334998, ES-38, EC-346426, EC-334958, EC-340538, RT-351 and GT-10 might be further utilized in breeding programme.
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A field experiments was conducted on sandy loam soil during 2016 -17 and 2017 -18 at M.G. chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.) to find out the most productive and profitable mustard based cropping system under different moisture conservation practices. Treatment consisted three cropping systems viz. Sesame –mustard, green gram-mustard and urdbean –mustard and four moisture conservation practices (no irrigation, life saving irrigation, straw mulch @4 t/ha and kaolin 5% spray). Results revealed that on pooled basis of two years mulching @4 t/ha produced significantly higher grain yield of sesame (512 kg/ha), green gram (1023 kg/ha) urdbean (2349 kg/ha) and mustard (2558kg/ha) than no irrigation while numerical enhancement were recorded under life saving irrigation and kaolin 5 % spray treatment in seed yield of sesame, green gram, urdbean and mustard crop. The maximum mustard equivalent grain yield of 3759 kg/ha, system production efficiency of 33.52 kg/ha/day and system profitability of 339.00 Rs/ha/day was recorded under green gram – mustard system. Among the moisture conservation practices, straw mulch treatment had highest mustard equivalent grain yield of 4021 kg/ha, production efficiency of 35.83 kg/ha/day and system profitability (35.83 Rs/ha/day). The gross returns (Rs 182764/ha), net returns (Rs 139644/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.24) were maximized under green gram- mustard system x straw mulch @4 t/ha treatment on pooled basis.
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Crude formulations of sesame and mustard oil at 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% concentration with or without the addition of cow urine were assessed against red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) in the laboratory. Efficacy tests on oviposition rate, egg hatchability, mortality of nymph and adult mites proved that sesame oil 1%, with or without the addition of cow urine was found to be effective in reducing the rate oviposition and egg hatchability of mites and was at par with the formulation prepared from commercial neem (1 : 1500). Formulations of sesame oil at the rate of 0.75% and 1% with or without cow urine were found to be highly effective for mortality of nymphs and adults of red spider mite respectively which were at par with the formulation prepared from commercial neem.
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Fifty sesame genotypes were evaluated to assess the extent of genetic diversity based on morphological characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes. Plant height (62.20 %) contributed most to the genetic divergence followed by number of capsules per plant (20.40 %). No relationship between geographic origin and genetic diversity was observed as genotypes from different sources were grouped in same clusters in spite of difference in their origin. Based on the intercluster distances, diverse parents from different clusters were identified for further use as parents in future breeding programmes.
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A study was conducted to determine the source and sink relationship in multicapsule genotypes of sesame. Thirty-six multicapsule genotypes along with two single capsule genotypes as checks were used in this study. Data on source characters such as number of leaf axils, leaf area, SPAD chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, plant height, stem girth was recorded at capsule formation stage. Similarly, data on sink related characters such as number of flowers per axil, number of capsules per axil, capsule length, breadth, seed weight, seed yield per plant, and oil content were recorded. There were 1 to 3 capsules per axil, genotypes, SC-500-1, PI-154298, JCS-1020, exhibited 3 capsules at every axil. The results indicated the source characters such as number of leaf axils per plant was significantly positively correlated with seed yield per plant, leaf area was significantly positively correlated with number of flowers per main stem, total capsule number per main stem and seed weight of the right capsule in the bunch of the capsules. SPAD chlorophyll was positively associated with, number of flowers per axil, number of capsules per axil and seed yield per plant. Photosynthetic rate was significantly associated with total number of capsules per main stem of the plant, oil content and test weight. There were 7 principal components which explained 80 of the variation presents in the genotypes. Characters such as number of flowers per axil, number of leaf axils per plant, number of capsules per axil in the main stem and capsule length, weight, seed weight of left and right capsules contributed for the variation. Variation in these characters distributed the genotypes across the axis in the PCA biplot. Genotypes such as SC-500, PI-154298 exhibited high capsules number per plant, capsules per axil, capsule length and capsule seed weight. This study indicated that the genotypes showing more than 1 capsules per axil have high leaf area, stem girth. These genotypes are potential source for utilization in yield improvement programmes.
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Present work evaluated the protein quality of defatted white sesame flour and the protein isolates obtained from sesame cake through the alkaline extraction at a pH 9.5. The study was conducted at Department of Foods and Nutrition, Post Graduate and Research Center (PGRC), College of Community Science and MFPI - Quality Control Laboratory, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (India) during 2021-2023. Defatted white sesame cake was subjected to alkaline extraction at pH 9.5 and resultant isolates were evaluated for nutrient composition, scanning electron microscope imaging, amino acid composition and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The obtained data was subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The white sesame protein isolates had a protein content of 93.83%, isolate recovery of 37.00 g/100 g and protein yield of 71.77%. The non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) content of the defatted white sesame flour and white sesame protein isolates ranged between 68.06% to 70.60% of the total protein content, while 29.40% to 31.94% was essential amino acids (EAAs). Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of defatted white sesame flour WSF and white sesame protein isolate (WSPI) exhibited protein bands within the molecular weight range of 20 to 62 kDa. The protein isolates derived from sesame seed cake has promising potential for integration into diverse food formulations, offering an avenue to combat protein deficiencies.
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Field experiment was conducted during zaid-2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India, to investigate on the productivity of sesame on growth and yield as influence by plant spacing and weed management practices. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%). The treatments consist of three levels of spacing 20 x 10cm, 30 x 10 cm, and 40 x 10 cm and three types of weed managements (Two hand weeding at 21 and 42DAS, Pendimethalin 0.7 5kg/ha at 1 DAS + one hand weeding at 21 DAS, and + Quizalofop ethyl 0.05 kg/ha on 25 DAS + one hand weeding at 42 DAS).The experiment was laidout in randomized complete block design with nine treatments each replicated three times. The results obtained indicated that the higher plant height (129.99 cm), higher number of branches (3.77), higher plant dry weight (15.63 g/plant), higher crop growth rate (12.13 g/m2/day) higher number of capsules/plant (31.91), higher number of seeds/ capsules (47.48), higher test weight (3.48 gm), higher seed yield (1177.07 kg/ha) and higher stalk yield (1610.41 kg/ha) were significantly influenced at a plant spacing of 40 x 10 cm along with the application of Quizalofop ethyl @0.05 kg/ha on 25 DAS + one hand weeding at 42 DAS. However higher gross return (92,164.84 INR/ha), higher net return (65,840.84 INR/ha) and higher B:Cratio (2.50) were also recorded in treatment-9 at a spacing of 40 x 10 cm along with the application of Quizalofop ethyl @0.05 kg/ha on 25 DAS + one hand weeding at 42 DAS.
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The present study in pot experiments was conducted on “Influence of phosphorus and sulphur application on sesame yield in high P soils of Telangana”. The experiment was conducted in two different levels of high phosphorus status soils with 67.29 kg P2O5 ha-1 in soil 1 (S1) and 83.46 kg P2O5 ha-1 in soil 2 (S2). The treatments were taken in factorial completely randomized design in combination of five levels of phosphorus (P0-0, P25- 5, P50-10,P75-15 and P100-20 kg ha-1 of soil) four levels of sulphur (S0-0,S1-10,S2-20 and S3-30 kg ha-1 of soil). A significant increase in seed yield of sesame crop could be achieved by combined application of P75 (15 kg P2O5 ha-1) + S20 (20 kg S ha-1) in high available phosphorus soils. Among the various treatments tested within two high P soils, in S1 maximum seed (11.89 g pot-1) and stalk yield (21.98 g pot-1) was obtained with combined application of P75 (15 kg P2O5 ha-1) + S20 (20 kg S ha-1) while in S2 maximum seed (11.92 g pot-1) and stalk yield (21.89 g pot-1) was obtained with combined application of P50 (10 kg P2O5 ha-1) + S20 (20 kg S ha-1).
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The present study conducted an analysis of genetic variability for components traits of seed yield in 20 sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes at the Research Farm of S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three replications during kharif, 2018. The main objective of this study was to assess the genetic variability among the genotypes. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant genotypic variation for all traits, indicating their potential for breeding programs. In the present study, RT - 384, RMT - 447 and RMT - 486 were identified as high yielding genotypes with per plant seed yield of 6.75, 6.7 and 6.01 g, respectively. Among the traits studied, plant height exhibited the highest variability with range of 83.13 to 108.40 cm, while test weight had the least variability having range of 3.00 - 3.51 g. Furthermore, phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) for all the traits, suggesting the influence of environmental factors on them. Among them, seed yield per plant had maximum value of GCV and PCV with magnitude of 20.32 and 24.07%, respectively; while, days to maturity had minimum value of GCV and PCV i.e., 2.07 and 3.15%, respectively. Notably, traits such as capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, biological yield per plant and seed yield per plant exhibited high heritability with magnitude of 85.96%, 64.18%, 63.68%, and 71.33%, respectively. Additionally, these traits displayed substantial genetic gains, with magnitudes of 33.46%, 21.29%, 26.19%, and 35.35%, respectively. This makes them promising for selection and eventually; these traits can be efficiently explored in different breeding programs for genetic improvement of sesame.
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Field experiments were carried out to assess the soil physicochemical properties, yield, quality, energy use and profit analysis of sesame and under organic vis-à-vis conventional production systems for three consecutive seasons. The soil organic C, available N, P, K and micronutrients recorded a slight rise in the organic production system over three seasons. The mean total energy input expended in the production of sesame using organic inputs was much lower (3,586.9 MJ ha-1) compared to that with inorganic fertilizers (5,156.3 MJ ha-1). Manures/Fertilizers and diesel inputs dominated the total energy inputs for both the production systems. However, the energy output obtained was higher in the inorganic production system (12,000 MJ) than in organic production system (9,375 MJ). The cost of cultivation of sesame was Rs. 12807 ha-1 and Rs. 16413 ha-1 under inorganic and organic farming, respectively. Organic sesame yield was about 22 per cent less compared to inorganic production system. At least 40% price premium for organic sesame may be required to offset the higher cost of cultivation and low yields under organic production system compared with inorganic production system especially during initial years. Renewable energy input utilization was higher (66 %) in organic than in inorganic production systems (13%). Energy efficiency and productivity was higher in organic than inorganic sesame production system by 12 per cent and 10 per cent, respectively. Since, the organic production system is more energy efficient and it is recommended that sesame production under organic farming should be encouraged for environmental and economic sustainability.
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In the present investigation, At RARS, Jagtial, 68 genotypes, including three checks were evaluated for genetic diversity for selection of diverse parents. Divergence studies through D2 statistic indicated the presence of substantial diversity by forming large number of clusters with wide range of inter-cluster distance.The 68 genotypes were distributed into eight clusters based on the D2 values. Among the eight clusters, cluster I was the largest comprising of 30 genotypes followed by cluster II with 22 genotypes and Cluster III and V with six genotypes in each cluster remaining clusters IV, VI, VII, VIII were solitary. The data on character means for eight clusters indicated that, cluster III was having highest mean value for number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, seed yield per plant and 1000 seed weight. Cluster VIII for days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity and number of branches per plant. The genotypes JCS 2611, JCS 2454, and JCS 3599 have a high cluster distance and might be employed directly used for adaptation or may be used as parents in future hybridization programme.
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Background:This article summarizes the study protocol currently used to evaluate the efficacy of aromatherapy massage for the relief of post-mastectomy anxiety and acute arm pain.Methods: It is a prospective interventional type three-group, randomized controlled, drug-free clinical trial. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to one of three groups. The population of the study will consist of 90 patients who have undergone simple mastectomy (SM) and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) in the general surgery wardof a training and research hospital in Turkey. After the operation, the arm on the operated side will be massaged with sesame oil in the first group (n=30), sesame-lavender oil in the second group (n=30), and paraffin oil in the third group (n=30).Conclusions:The primary outcome is the level of acute arm pain and the level of state anxiety. The secondary outcome is vital signs and analgesic use status.Trial registration: International standard randomized controlled trial numberNCT05658367.
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A field experiment was conducted during zaid season 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and sciences. Prayagraj (UP), India. The aim was to study the effect of basal application of sulphur and foliar application of micronutrients on growth and yield of summer sesame. Treatment consisted of application of 10, 20, 30 kg/ha of sulphur and micronutrients as foliar spray (0.5% zinc, 0.5% iron, 0.2% boron). There were 10 treatments, each repeated 3 times. The soil in the experimental plot was sandy-loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil response (pH 7.8), poor in organic carbon (0.35%), available N (163.42 kg/ha), available P (21.96 kg/ha), kg/ha). And available K (256.48 kg/ha). As a result, sulphur 30 kg/ha + zinc 0.5% (treatment -7), plant height (95.1 cm), plant dry weight (20.48 g/plant), number of capsules/plant (52.9), high number of seeds/ Capsules (63.2), test weight (3.26 g), seed yield (1.41 t/ha), stover yield (6.44 t/ha), Harvest index (17.92%).
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Context: One of the causes of aspiration pneumonia is poor oral hygiene. We need care methods that caregivers can quickly, safely and inexpensively implement for convalescents with inadequate self?care. Edible sesame oil containing sesamin or sesaminol has already been shown to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth and have a vasodilating effect. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of using edible sesame oils for oral hygiene management. Settings and Design: This study evaluates an oral hygiene management method using two types of sesame oils in elderly hospitalised patients resistant to oral hygiene management. Methods and Material: The inpatients received oral care for 90 days. In the intervention groups, nurses brushed and wiped the oral cavity with roasted sesame oil (RSO) or sesame salad oil, while in the control group, care with tap water alone and brushing were done. Bacteria and Candida counts from tongue swabs, water content from the tongue’s surface and cheek mucosa, oral health assessment tool (OHAT) and cytology of the cheek mucosa were assessed every 30 days before and after the intervention. Results: RSO showed a tendency to reduce the number of bacteria and Candida. There was an improvement in the OHAT scores with both oils. The water content or cytology was not changing. Conclusions: Sesame oils may improve oral hygiene and maintain health in older patients.
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To investigate the enzyme properties of the black sesame polyphenol oxidase (BsPPO), a synthesized Bsppo gene was cloned into the vector pMAL-c5x and expressed in E. coli. Subsequently, the MBP fusion label in the recombinant protein was removed by protease digestion after affinity purification. The synthesized Bsppo gene contained 1 752 bp which encodes 585 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 65.3 kDa. Transformation of the recombinant vector into E. coli BL21(DE3) resulted in soluble expression of the fusion protein MBP-BsPPO. The enzymatic properties of the recombinant BsPPO was investigated after MBP fusion tag excision followed by affinity purification. The results demonstrated that the optimal temperature and pH for BsPPO was 25°C and 4.0, respectively. BsPPO exhibited a good stability under low temperature and acidic environment. Low-intensity short-term light exposure increased the activity of BsPPO. Cu²⁺ could improve the activity of BsPPO while Zn²⁺ and Ca²⁺ showed the opposite effect. BsPPO could catalyze the oxidation of monophenols, diphenols, and triphenols, and exhibited good catalytic activity on l-tyrosine and vanillic acid. Moreover, BsPPO exhibited high catalytic activity on black sesame metabolites, including 2-methoxy cinnamic acid, indole-3-carboxylic acid and phloretin. These results may serve as a basis for further characterization of BsPPO.
Sujet(s)
Catechol oxidase/génétique , Clonage moléculaire , Escherichia coli/métabolisme , Protéines recombinantes/génétique , Sesamum/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
Sesame is one of the most important oilseed crops in India due to mainly its high quality seed oil and antioxidant properties. Occurrence of foliar diseases, like Alternaria leaf spot and Cercospora leaf spot has become a major constraint in recent years for successful and profitable cultivation of sesame. Field experiments were conducted with sesame var. savitri in a factorial randomized block design with three different dates of sowing with 15 days interval and two different plant protection situations (Protected i.e., treated with disease control protocols and unprotected i.e., control), replicated four times, during two consecutive summer seasons of 2018 and 2019 at Agricultural Experimental Farm, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, Baruipur, South 24 Parganas. The diseases incidence was estimated and correlated with the weather parameters. The average of weather parameters viz., maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity (morning), relative humidity (evening) and rainfall prior to seven days of disease appearance were considered for study the correlation between the weather factors and the disease. In 2018, disease incidences of the plants shown at third date of sowing (26th April, 2018) in both the protected and unprotected plots had significant (P=.05) but negative correlation with maximum temperature. For plants sown at first date of sowing (27th March, 2018) in 2018 had disease incidences significantly (P=.05) and positively correlated with minimum temperature. However, in 2019, except for the relation between disease incidences in the unprotected plots and maximum temperature, all other disease-temperature correlations were non-significant. Disease incidences were positively and significantly correlated with relative humidity (both morning and evening) in all dates of sowing irrespective of experimental years, except with morning relative humidity at first date of sowing in first year. Total rainfall was positively and significantly correlated with disease incidences at all dates of sowing in 2018; however, such relation was non-significant in 2019.