Análisis de la actividad sexual en el adulto mayor del Policlínico Universitario Este

Introducción: El contexto social en el cual se desenvuelve la mayoría de los adultos mayores los conduce a situaciones de riesgo, condiciones o problemas de salud con consecuencias físicas, psicológicas y sociales específicas que afectan también su sexualidad y que deben ser abordadas en la práctica. Objetivo: Analizar la actividad sexual en el adulto mayor del Policlínico Universitario Este, entre enero de 2021 y julio de 2023. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, en el Policlínico Universitario Este en la provincia Camagüey. El universo estuvo constituido por 9 936 pacientes según los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. Se trabajó 154 pacientes seleccionados mediante el muestreo aleatorio simple. Los expedientes clínicos ambulatorios fueron la fuente secundaria de información. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Los datos se presentaron en tablas y gráficos. Resultados: Los mayores de 74 años representaron el 13,6 %, de ellos; el 8,4 % mostraron actividad sexual inactiva. El 48,7 % eran del sexo masculino. Los que no tuvieron atracción sexual fueron el 9,7 %. De los pacientes estudiados con actividad sexual activa 33, para un 21,4 %, presentan actividad sexual quincenal, mientras que 24 (15,6 %) semanal. Conclusiones: Los trastornos neurológicos como enfermedades asociadas, así como los fármacos inhibidores de la excitación sexual acompañado del antecedente de disfunción sexual como factores de riesgo imposibilitaron el desarrollo normal de la actividad sexual en los longevos estudiados. El bajo apetito sexual y falta de atracción sexual, así como el estado de viudez se asociaron significativamente a la inactividad sexual.

Introduction: The social context in which the majority of older adults live leads them to risk situations, conditions or health problems with specific physical, psychological and social consequences that also affect their sexuality and that must be addressed in practice. Objective: To analyze sexual activity in older adults at the East University Polyclinic between January 2021 and July 2023. Methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out in the East University Polyclinic. The universe consisted of 9936 patients according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was worked with 103 patients selected through simple random sampling. Outpatient clinical records were the secondary source of information. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The data was presented in tables and graphs. Results: Those over 74 years of age represented 13.6 % of them; 8.4 % showed inactive sexual activity. 48.7 % were male. Those who did not have sexual attraction were 9.7 %. Of the patients studied with active sexual activity, 33, or 21.4 %, had sexual activity every two weeks, while 24 (15.6 %) had sexual activity weekly. Conclusions: Neurological disorders as associated diseases, as well as drugs that inhibit sexual arousal, accompanied by a history of sexual dysfunction as risk factors, prevented the normal development of sexual activity in the elderly studied. Low sexual appetite and lack of sexual attraction, as well as widowhood status, were significantly associated with sexual inactivity.

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and time to return to sexual activity after childbirth: analysis of the BRISA prenatal cohort / Violencia por pareja íntima durante el embarazo y el tiempo para volver a la actividad sexual después del parto: análisis de la cohorte de prenatal BRISA / Violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação e tempo de retorno das atividades sexuais após o parto: análise da coorte de pré-natal BRISA

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze whether there is an association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and time to return to sexual activity after childbirth in the BRISA cohort in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil, between 2010 and 2013. This is a longitudinal study conducted with 665 women. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy was measured using an instrument created and validated by the World Health Organization to measure violence against women. Time to return to sexual activity after childbirth was investigated using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to analyze whether there is an association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and time to return to sexual activity after childbirth. The prevalence of violence by an intimate partner during pregnancy was 24.06%. The prevalence of women who returned to sexual activity within 3 months after childbirth was 67.96%. When analyzing the association between exposure and outcome, no association was found in the crude model (OR = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.60-1.30), nor in the adjusted model (OR = 1.00; 95%CI: 0.61-1.63). The study results highlight the importance of providing comprehensive care to women, considering both physical and psychological aspects, since violence has a significant impact on several aspects of women's lives.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si existe asociación entre la violencia por pareja íntima durante el embarazo y el tiempo para volver a la actividad sexual después del parto en la cohorte BRISA, en São Luis, Maranhão, Brasil, entre 2010 y 2013. Se trata de un estudio longitudinal realizado con 665 mujeres. Se midió la violencia por pareja íntima durante el embarazo a través de un instrumento para medir la violencia contra la mujer creado y validado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se investigó el tiempo para volver a la actividad sexual después del parto a través de un cuestionario estructurado. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para verificar si existe asociación entre la violencia por pareja íntima durante el embarazo y el tiempo para volver a la actividad sexual después del parto. La prevalencia de violencia perpetrada por pareja íntima durante el embarazo fue del 24,06%. La prevalencia de mujeres que volvieron a la actividad sexual dentro de los tres meses posteriores al parto fue del 67,96%. Al analizar la asociación entre la exposición y el resultado, se constató que no hubo asociación en el modelo crudo (OR = 0,88; IC95%: 0,60-1,30), ni en el modelo ajustado (OR = 1,00; IC95%: 0,61-1,63). Los resultados del estudio resaltan la importancia de proporcionar asistencia integral a la salud de la mujer, teniendo en cuenta tanto aspectos físicos como psicológicos, una vez que la violencia afecta significativamente varios aspectos de la vida femenina.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar se existe associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação e o tempo de retorno das atividades sexuais após o parto na coorte BRISA, em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, entre os anos de 2010 e 2013. Trata-se de estudo longitudinal conduzido com 665 mulheres. A violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação foi medida por meio de instrumento criado e validado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde para medir violência contra a mulher. O tempo de retorno das atividades sexuais após o parto foi investigado por meio de questionário estruturado. Modelos de regressão logística foram utilizados para verificar se existe associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação e tempo de retorno das atividades sexuais após o parto. A prevalência de violência perpetrada pelo parceiro íntimo na gestação foi de 24,06%. A prevalência de mulheres que retornaram às atividades sexuais em até três meses após o parto foi de 67,96%. Ao analisar a associação entre exposição e desfecho, observou-se que não houve associação no modelo bruto (OR = 0,88; IC95%: 0,60-1,30), nem no modelo ajustado (OR = 1,00; IC95%: 0,61-1,63). Os resultados do estudo evidenciam a importância de prestar assistência integral à saúde da mulher, considerando tanto aspectos físicos quanto psicológicos, uma vez que a violência tem impacto significativo em diversas áreas da vida feminina.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao comportamento sexual de risco de adolescentes escolares brasileiros / Prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behavior among Brazilian school adolescents

Resumo O artigo avaliou a prevalência e fatores associados ao comportamento sexual de risco (CSR) de adolescentes escolares do Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2019, com amostra representativa de adolescentes escolares brasileiros do 9º ano do ensino fundamental. Foram avaliadas características sociodemográficas, comportamentais, de saúde sexual e reprodutiva, de saúde mental e de sociabilidade, orientações recebidas na escola e autoimagem corporal. Caracterizou-se o CSR como o não uso de preservativo na última relação sexual. Os dados foram analisados por modelo hierarquizado com regressão robusta de Poisson. A prevalência de CSR foi de 40,3%, com menor proporção na região Norte (37,4%). Houve maior prevalência do CSR entre adolescentes do sexo feminino, cuja primeira relação sexual ocorreu com 13 anos ou menos, que foram vítimas de violência sexual, que praticaram bullying e que usaram drogas ilícitas, cigarro e álcool. Aqueles que usaram preservativo na primeira relação sexual apresentaram menor prevalência de CSR. A alta prevalência de CSR entre adolescentes escolares no Brasil, aliada ao conhecimento dos fatores associados, deve propiciar o estabelecimento de estratégias para favorecer a melhoria na saúde sexual e reprodutiva desses jovens.

Abstract This article evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behavior (RSB) among Brazilian school adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with data collected from the National Survey of School Health, 2019 edition, with a representative sample of 7th grade of elementary school to 3rd year of high school Brazilian school adolescents. This work evaluated sociodemographic, behavioral, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, sociability characteristics, medical advice received at school, and body image. RSB was characterized as the non-use of a condom during sexual intercourse. The data were analyzed using hierarchical Poisson regression modeling. The prevalence of RSB was of 40.3%, with the lowest proportion appearing in the North region (37.4%). The highest prevalence of RSB was found among female adolescents, whose first sexual intercourse occurred at 13 years of age or under, who were victims of sexual violence, who practiced bullying, and who used illicit drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol. Those who used a condom during their first sexual intercourse showed the lowest prevalence of RSB. The high prevalence of RSB among Brazilian school adolescents, together with the knowledge of the associated factors, serves to define strategies to favor improvements in the sexual and reproductive health of these young people.

Endometriose e saúde sexual feminina ­ desafios, tratamento, perfil epidemiológico e impactos biopsicossociais: uma revisão integrativa / Endometriosis and female sexual health ­challenges, treatment, epidemiological profile and biopsychosocial impacts: an integrative review / Endometriosis y salud sexual femenina ­desafíos, tratamiento, perfil epidemiológico e impactos biopsicosociales: una revisión integradora

Introdução:A endometriose consiste em uma patologia ginecológica bastante prevalente emmulheres de múltiplas faixas etárias, consistindo em um desafio constante para a fertilidade, sexualidade e demais aspectos da qualidade de vida.Objetivo:Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico, formas de tratamento e os aspectos biopsicossociais associados à saúde sexual das mulheres com endometriose. Metodologia:Esta é uma revisão integrativa da literatura cujapergunta norteadorafoi "Como a endometriose influencia nos aspectos biopsicossociais inerentes ao comportamento sexual feminino?". Foi aplicada a estratégia de busca "Endometriose AND Dispareunia AND Qualidade de Vida" na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e sua versão em inglês "EndometriosisAND DyspareuniaAND Quality of Life" na base de dados PubMed, com ofiltro"últimos10anos"aplicadoemambasasplataformas.Critérios de inclusão: estudos que abordassem mulheres cisgênero, em idade fértil,com vida sexual ativa, diagnóstico prévio de endometriose pélvica ou profunda e distúrbios ou queixas sexuais. Critério de exclusão: artigos que contemplassem mulheres em uso de psicofármacos. Resultados:Inicialmente,foram obtidos 227 artigos. Apósanálise primária, 189 estudos foram excluídos, seguindo para a etapa seguinte apenas 38. Destes, somente 15 atenderam aos critérios e foram considerados válidos para compor o presente estudo.No âmbito sexual, a endometriose pode acarretar aredução da frequência das relações, sangramentos durante ou após o coito, desinteresse em preliminares, desconforto em certas posições, términos de relacionamentos, conflitos conjugais, e, sobretudo, dispareunia.Conclusões:Diante dos prejuízos em diversos âmbitos da vida e bem-estar feminino causados pela endometriose, faz-se indispensável maior qualificação dos serviços de saúde para o diagnóstico precoce e intervenções efetivas, bem como apoio, acolhimento e acompanhamento multiprofissional contínuo. Além disso, a adaptação, compreensão e solicitude dos parceiros são fundamentais para que as mulheres sejam capazes de melhor gerenciar tais desafios (AU).

Introduction:Endometriosis is a gynecological pathology that is quite prevalent among women of multiple age groups, representing a constant challenge to fertility, sexuality, and other aspects of quality of life.Objective:To evaluate the epidemiological profile, forms of treatment and biopsychosocial aspects associated with the sexual health of women with endometriosis.Methodology:This is an integrative review of the literature whose guiding question was "How does endometriosis influence the biopsychosocial aspects inherent to female sexual behavior?". The search strategy "Endometriosis AND Dyspareunia AND Quality of Life" was applied in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) and in the PubMed database, with the "last 10 years" filter applied on both platforms. Inclusion criteria: studies that addressed cisgender women, of childbearing age, with active sexual life, previous diagnosis of pelvic or deep endometriosis and sexual disorders or complaints. Exclusion criteria: articles that included women using psychotropic drugs. Results:Initially, 227 articles were obtained. After primary analysis, 189 studies were excluded, only 38 going on to the next stage. Of these, only 15 met the criteria and were considered valid to be part of the present study. In the sexual sphere, endometriosis can lead to a reduction in the frequency of intercourse, bleeding during or after coitus, lack of interest in foreplay, discomfort in certain positions, relationship endings, marital conflicts, and, above all, dyspareunia.Conclusions:Given the damage to various areas of life and female well-being caused by endometriosis, it is essential to improve the quality of health services for early diagnosis and effective interventions, as well as support, reception, and continuous multidisciplinary monitoring. Furthermore, adaptation, understanding and concern from partners are fundamental for women to be able to better manage such challenges (AU).

Introducción:La endometriosis esuna patología ginecológica bastante prevalente en mujeres de múltiples grupos etarios, que supone un reto constante para la fertilidad, la sexualidad y otros aspectos de la calidad de vida.Objetivo:Evaluar elperfil epidemiológico, las formas de tratamiento y los aspectos biopsicosociales asociados a la salud sexual de las mujeres con endometriosis.Metodología:Se trata de una revisión integradora cuya pregunta orientadora fue "¿Cómo influye la endometriosis en los aspectos biopsicosociales inherentes a la conducta sexual femenina?".Se aplicó la estrategia de búsqueda "Endometriosis AND Dispareunia AND Calidad de Vida" en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) y su versión en inglés en PubMed, con el filtro "últimos 10 años" enambas plataformas. Criterios de inclusión: estudios dirigidos a mujeres cisgénero en edad fértil, con vida sexual activa, diagnóstico previo de endometriosis pélvica o profunda, y trastornos o quejas sexuales. Criteriode exclusión: artículos que incluían mujeres usuarias de psicofármacos.Resultados:Inicialmente se obtuvieron 227 artículos. Después del análisis primario, se excluyeron 189 estudios y solo 38 pasaran a la siguiente etapa. De estos, solo 15 cumplieron con los criterios y seconsideraron válidos para el presente estudio. En el ámbito sexual, la endometriosis puede provocar reducción de la frecuencia de relaciones sexuales, sangrado durante o después de las relaciones sexuales, falta de interés por los juegos previos, molestias en determinadas posiciones, rupturas, conflictos matrimoniales y, sobre todo, dispareunia.Conclusiones:Ante los daños causados por la endometriosis en diversos ámbitos de la vida y el bienestar de las mujeres, es indispensable mejorar la calidad de losservicios de salud para el diagnóstico precoz y las intervenciones efectivas, así como apoyo, acogida y seguimiento multidisciplinar continuo. Además, la adaptación, comprensión y solicitud de las parejas son fundamentales para que las mujeres puedan gestionar mejor estos desafíos (AU).

Influencia de los factores de vulnerabilidad al VIH/sida sobre comportamientos sexuales de riesgo en adolescentes

Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de los factores de vulnerabilidad al VIH/sida sobre los comportamientos sexuales de riesgo en los adolescentes. Método: Estudio transversal correlacional predictivo. Muestra aleatoria estratificada de 1000 adolescentes de colegios públicos de una localidad de Bogotá, Colombia. Se estimó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que examinó los efectos de los factores vulnerabilidad al VIH/sida sobre los comportamientos sexuales de riesgo (escala EVA-CSR), controlando las variables: consumo de alcohol, número de parejas sexuales, inicio de la vida sexual y edad. Resultados: Sobre los comportamientos sexuales de riesgo el modelo presentó: un ajuste adecuado; explica un 31% de la varianza; reportó efecto directo de educación sexual sanitaria, educación sexual escolar, expresión emocional el colegio, relaciones sexuales por amor a la pareja, maltrato de la pareja, consumo de alcohol, inicio de la vida sexual, número de parejas sexuales; y efecto mediador de la expresión emocional en el colegio, la educación sexual sanitaria y las relaciones sexuales por amor a la pareja. Conclusiones: Los comportamientos sexuales de riesgo del adolescente se explican con cinco factores de vulnerabilidad al VIH/sida y tres variables de control. Los estudios futuros deben centrarse en factores causales y mediadores que fortalezcan la evidencia de causalidad y en intervención sobre comportamientos sexuales de riesgo controlando las variables predictoras.

Objective: To determine the influence of vulnerability factors to HIV/AIDS on sexual risk behaviors in adolescents. Method: Predictive correlational cross-sectional study. Stratified random sample of 1000 adolescents from public schools in a locality of Bogotá-Colombia. A model of structural structures was estimated that demonstrated the effects of vulnerability factors to HIV/AIDS on sexual risk behaviors (VAS-CSR scale), controlling the variables: alcohol consumption, number of sexual partners, beginning of sexual life and age. Results: Regarding risky sexual behaviors, the presented model: an adequate fit; explains 31% of the variance; reported direct effect of: sexual health education, school sexual education, emotional expression at school, sexual relations for love of the partner, partner abuse, alcohol consumption, beginning of sexual life, number of sexual partners; and mediating effect of: emotional expression at school, sexual health education, and sexual relations for love of the couple. Conclusions: Adolescent sexual risk behaviors are explained with five factors of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and three control variables. Future studies should occur in causal factors and mediators that strengthen the evidence of causality and in intervention on risky sexual behaviors controlling the predictor variables.

Orientação sexual e sintomas depressivos: papel mediador da autoestima e satisfação com a vida / Sexual orientation and depressive symptoms: mediating role of self-esteem and life satisfaction / Orientación sexual y síntomas depresivos: papel mediador de la autoestima y la satisfacción con la vida

Objetivo: verificar se autoestima e satisfação com a vida exercem efeitos mediadores na relação entre orientações sexuais minoritárias e sintomatologia depressiva em amostra de pós-graduandos stricto sensu. Método: estudo analítico, transversal, conduzido com 321 pós-graduandos stricto sensu entre março/abril de 2021. Utilizou-se o Patient Health Questionnaire-9 para avaliação de sintomas depressivos, Escala de Autoestima de Rosemberg e Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. Análises de mediação simples foram conduzidas por meio da macro PROCESS. Resultados: pós-graduandos de orientações sexuais minoritárias apresentaram maior severidade de sintomas depressivos e menores indicadores de autoestima e satisfação com a vida do que seus pares heterossexuais. Autoestima e satisfação com a vida mediaram parcialmente a relação entre orientação sexual e severidade de sintomas depressivos em uma proporção de, respectivamente, 48,26% e 37,54%. Conclusão: autoestima e satisfação com a vida apresentaram-se como importantes mediadores da relação entre orientações sexuais minoritárias e sintomas depressivos entre pós-graduandos(AU)

Objective: to verify whether self-esteem and satisfaction with life exert mediating effects on the relationship between minority sexual orientations and depressive symptoms in a sample of graduate students. Method: analytical, cross-sectional study conducted with 321 Brazilian graduate students between March/April 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depressive symptoms, was used too, Rosemberg´s Self-Esteem Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Simple mediation analyzes were conducted using the PROCESS macro. Results: graduate students with minority sexual orientations had more severe depressive symptoms and lower indicators of self-esteem and life satisfaction than their heterosexual peers. Self-esteem and satisfaction with life partially mediated the relationship between sexual orientation and severity of depressive symptoms in a proportion of, respectively, 48.26% and 37.54%. Conclusion: self-esteem and life satisfaction were important mediators of the relationship between minority sexual orientations and depressive symptoms among graduate students(AU)

Objetivo: verificar si la autoestima y la satisfacción con la vida ejercen efectos mediadores en la relación entre las orientaciones sexuales minoritarias y la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de estudiantes de posgrado stricto sensu. Método: estudio transversal analítico realizado junto a 321 estudiantes de posgrado stricto sensu entre marzo y abril de 2021. Para evaluar los síntomas depresivos, se utilizó el Patient Health Questionnaire-9, la Escala de Autoestima de Rosemberg y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida. Los análisis de mediación simple se realizaron utilizando la macro PROCESS. Resultados: los estudiantes de posgrado con orientaciones sexuales minoritarias presentaron síntomas depresivos más severos y menores indicadores de autoestima y satisfacción con la vida que sus pares heterosexuales. La autoestima y la satisfacción con la vida mediaron parcialmente la relación entre la orientación sexual y la severidad de los síntomas depresivos en una proporción de, respectivamente, 48,26% y 37,54%. Conclusión: la autoestima y la satisfacción con la vida fueron importantes mediadores de la relación entre la orientación sexual minoritaria y los síntomas depresivos entre estudiantes de posgrado(AU)

Conductas sexuales de riesgo relacionadas con las infecciones de transmisión sexual en una comunidad shuar de Taisha, Ecuador

Objetivo: Describir conductas sexuales de riesgo relacionadas con las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en una comunidad shuar de Taisha, Ecuador. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-transversal, con base en la teoría transcultural de Leininger. Participaron 215 adultos de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado por expertos, con método Delphi. El análisis relacional usó la prueba de X2. Resultados: De la muestra, 153 mujeres y 62 hombres, el 99.1 % se identificó como heterosexual; 79.1 % indicó que su actividad sexual se inició en la preadolescencia, siendo lo más frecuente de tipo genital; 16.3 % reveló haber presentado alguna vez una ITS; 29.3 % ha tenido relaciones sexuales bajo efecto del alcohol o sustancias afrodisíacas, de los que 6 % indicó utilizar preservativo. El 60 % respondió que no lo usa porque no sabe cómo y por sentir menos placer; 36.7 % refirió tener relaciones sexuales fortuitas y, en ellas, 73 % sin usar preservativo. No hubo asociación significativa entre las conductas sexuales y la edad de las personas. Conclusión: El escaso uso de preservativo, relaciones sexuales fortuitas sin protección, inicio temprano y actividad sexual bajo efecto alcohol o sustancias afrodisíacas resultaron ser prácticas de riesgo para contraer una infección de transmisión sexual en esta comunidad indígena. Se necesita tender puentes, desde el sistema de salud hasta las comunidades, para implementar programas de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento en estadios tempranos para detección, educación, apoyo y control. El modelo de enfermería transcultural y el trabajo interdisciplinario permiten conocer los principios, valores y cosmovisión de los integrantes de la comunidad.

Objetivo: Descrever os comportamentos sexuais de risco relacionados às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) em uma comunidade shuar em Taisha, Equador. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo-transversal, com base na teoria transcultural de Leininger. Participaram 215 adultos de ambos os sexos, com mais de 18 anos de idade. Foi utilizado um questionário validado por especialistas por meio do método Delphi. A análise relacional usou o teste X2. Resultados: Da amostra, 153 mulheres e 62 homens, 99,1 % se identificaram como heterossexuais; 79,1% indicaram que sua atividade sexual começou na pré-adolescência, mais frequentemente do tipo genital; 16,3 % revelaram já ter tido uma DST; 29,3 % tiveram relações sexuais sob o efeito de álcool, dos quais 6 % indicaram usar preservativo. Sessenta por cento disseram que não usam preservativos porque não sabem como usar e porque sentem menos prazer; 36,7 % relataram ter feito sexo casual, sendo 73 % deles sem usar preservativo. Não houve associação significativa entre o comportamento sexual e a idade. Conclusão: Constatou-se que o baixo uso de preservativos, o sexo casual desprotegido, o início precoce e a atividade sexual sob efeito do álcool ou substâncias afrodisíacas resultaram ser práticas de risco para contrair uma doença sexualmente transmissível nessa comunidade indígena. É necessário construir pontes entre o sistema de saúde e as comunidades para implementar programas de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento em estágios iniciais para detecção, educação, apoio e controle. O modelo de enfermagem transcultural e o trabalho interdisciplinar nos permitem conhecer os princípios, os valores e a visão de mundo dos membros da comunidade.

Objective: To describe risky sexual behaviours related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a Shuar community of Taisha, Ecuador. Methodology: Descriptive-cross-sectional study, based on Leininger's cross-cultural theory. A total of 215 adults of both sexes over 18 years of age participated. A questionnaire validated by experts was used, with Delphi method. The relational analysis used the X2 test. Results: Of the sample, 153 women and 62 men, 99.1 % identified themselves as heterosexual; 79.1 % indicated that their sexual activity began in preadolescence, most frequently of the genital type; 16.3 % reported having ever had an STI; 29.3 % had had sexual relations while intoxicated, of which 6 % reported using a condom. The 60 % percent responded that they do not use condoms because they do not know how and because they feel less pleasure; 36.7 % reported having casual sex, 73 % of them without using a condom. There was no significant association between sexual behaviors and age. Conclusion: The scarce use of condoms, incidental unprotected sex, early onset and sexual activity under the influence of alcohol or aphrodisiac substances were found to be risk practices for contracting a sexually transmitted infection in this indigenous community. There is a need to build bridges from the health system to the communities to implement prevention, diagnosis and treatment programs in early stages for detection, education, support and control. The transcultural nursing model and the interdisciplinary work allow knowing the principles, values and cosmovision of the community members.

Uso inconsistente del preservativo masculino en hombres VIH negativos que tienen sexo con hombres / Inconsistent use of male condoms among HIV-negative men who have sex with other men / Uso inconsistente do preservativo masculino entre homens HIV negativos que fazem sexo com homens

Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados con el uso inconsistente del preservativo masculino en hombres VIH negativos que tienen sexo con hombres. Método: estudio transversal, analítico, nacional realizado de forma online en todas las regiones de Brasil, en 2020, a través de redes sociales y sitios de citas. El uso inconsistente del preservativo se definió como el uso ocasional o no usarlo nunca. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, pruebas de asociación y regresión logística binaria. Resultados: 1222 (85%) de los 1438 participantes informaron uso inconsistente del preservativo. Las variables "homosexuales" (ORA: 2,03; IC 95%: 1,14-3,59; p = 0,016), "tener pareja estable" (ORA: 2,19; IC 95%: 1,55-3,09; p<0,001), "sexo oral" (ORA: 2,41; IC 95%: 1,31-4,43; p = 0,005), "anal insertivo" (ORA: 1,98; IC 95%: 1,10-3,58; p = 0,023) y "diagnóstico de ITS" (ORA: 1,59; IC 95%: 1,13-2,24; p = 0,007) se asociaron de forma independiente con el uso inconsistente del preservativo masculino. Las variables "recibió consejo de un amigo sobre la prueba del VIH" (ORA: 0,71; IC 95%: 0,52-0,96; p = 0,028) y "trabajador sexual" (ORA: 0,26; IC 95%: 0,11-0,60; p = 0,002) fueron factores protectores. Conclusión: las variables estudiadas indicaron que hay una fuerte relación entre las parejas estables y el aumento de la confianza y la baja adherencia al uso del preservativo, lo que coincide con otros estudios.

Objective: to analyze the factors associated with inconsistent use of male condoms among HIV-negative men who have sex with other men. Method: a cross-sectional, analytical and nationwide study conducted online in all the Brazilian regions in 2020, via networks and in dating websites. Inconsistent condom use was defined as occasional use or as never using it. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed, as well as association and binary logistic regression tests. Results: inconsistent condom use was reported by 1,222 (85%) of all 1,438 participants. The "homosexuals" (ORAdj: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.14-3.59; p=0.016), "having a fixed partner" (ORAdj: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.55-3.09; p<0.001), "oral sex" (ORAdj: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.31-4.43; p=0.005), "insertive anal" (ORAdj: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.10-3.58; p=0.023) and "STI diagnosis" (ORAdj: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.13-2.24; p=0.007) variables were independently associated with inconsistent use of male condoms. The "receiving advice on HIV test from a friend" (ORAdj: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52-0.96; p=0.028) and "sex worker" (ORAdj: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.11-0.60; p=0.002) variables were protective factors. Conclusion: the variables under study pointed to a strong relationship between steady partners and increased trust and low adherence to condom use, corroborating other studies.

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao uso inconsistente do preservativo masculino entre homens HIV negativos que fazem sexo com homens. Método: estudo transversal, analítico, de abrangência nacional realizado on-line em todas as regiões do Brasil, em 2020, por meio de redes sociais e em sites de relacionamento. O uso inconsistente do preservativo foi definido como uso ocasional ou nunca ter usado. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas, testes de associação e regressão logística binária. Resultados: o uso inconsistente do preservativo foi relatado por 1222 (85%) dos 1438 participantes. As variáveis "homossexuais" (ORA: 2,03; IC 95%: 1,14- 3,59; p = 0,016), "ter parceiro fixo" (ORA: 2,19; IC 95%: 1,55-3,09; p<0,001), "sexo oral" (ORA: 2,41; IC 95%: 1,31-4,43; p = 0,005), "anal insertivo" (ORA: 1,98; IC 95%: 1,10-3,58; p = 0,023) e "diagnóstico de IST" (ORA: 1,59; IC 95%: 1,13-2,24; p = 0,007) foram independentemente associadas ao uso inconsistente do preservativo masculino. As variáveis "recebeu aconselhamento de amigo sobre teste de HIV" (ORA: 0,71; IC 95%: 0,52-0,96; p = 0,028) e "profissional do sexo" (ORA: 0,26; IC 95%: 0,11-0,60; p = 0,002) foram fatores de proteção. Conclusão: as variáveis estudadas apontaram uma forte relação das parcerias fixas com o aumento da confiança e uma baixa adesão ao uso do preservativo, o que corrobora com outros estudos.

Construction and validation of the Sociosexual Skills Inventory / Construção e validação do Inventário de Habilidades Sociossexuais / Construcción y validación del Inventario de Habilidades Sociosexuales

The period of youth represents a milestone for sexual transitions, including casual practices. However, having erotic experiences does not presume competence in seeking casual sex (CS), and having a repertoire that is not socially competent for casual sex (CS) can lead to sexual risks. Accordingly, this study constructed and generated evidence of validity for a measure of social skills (SS) related to CS. Initially, 48 items were constructed and applied to a valid sample of 571 heterosexual, cisgender and single young people. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed, the initial items were reduced to 18 and divided into two factors: Direct Sociosexual Skills, with 11 items (a = .81 and ω = .81), and Indirect Sociosexual Skills, with seven items (a = .67 and ω = .67). This instrument could contribute to the promotion of sexual health, as a more elaborate SS repertoire would be related to lower rates of abuse, sexually transmitted infections and harassment.(AU)

A juventude representa um marco para as transições sexuais, incluindo práticas casuais. Contudo, ter experiências eróticas não presume competência para sua busca, e um repertório pouco competente socialmente para o sexo casual (SC) pode levar a riscos sexuais. Nesse sentido, esse estudo construiu e gerou evidências de validade para uma medida de habilidades sociais (HS) relativas ao SC. Inicialmente, foram construídos 48 itens que foram aplicados a uma amostra válida de 571 jovens heterossexuais, cisgêneros e solteiros. Foi realizada a Análise Fatorial Exploratória, os itens foram reduzidos para 18 e divididos em dois fatores: Habilidades Sociossexuais Diretas, com 11 itens (α = 0,81 e ω = 0,81), e Habilidades Sociossexuais Indiretas, com sete itens (α= 0,67 e ω = 0,67). Este instrumento poderá contribuir para a promoção da saúde sexual, na medida que um repertório mais elaborado de HS estaria relacionado a menores índices de abuso, infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e assédio.(AU)

La juventud representa un hito para las transiciones sexuales, incluyendo prácticas casuales. Sin embargo, tener experiencias eróticas no supone competencia para buscarlas, y un repertorio socialmente inadecuado para el sexo casual (SC) puede conducir a riesgos sexuales. En este sentido, este estudio construyó y generó evidencias de validez para una medida de habilidades sociales (HS) relacionadas con el SC. Inicialmente, se crearon 48 ítems que se aplicaron a una muestra válida de 571 jóvenes heterosexuales, cisgénero y solteros. Se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y los ítems se redujeron a 18 y se dividieron en dos factores: Habilidades Sociosexuales Directas, con 11 ítems (α= 0.81 y ω= 0.81), y Habilidades Sociosexuales Indirectas, con siete ítems (α= 0.67 y ω= 0,67). Este instrumento podría contribuir a la promoción de la salud sexual, ya que un repertorio de HS más elaborado se asocia con menores índices de abuso, infecciones de transmisión sexual y acoso sexual.(AU)

Discursos de gestantes sobre a sexualidade na gestação: possibilidade para promoção da saúde / Pregnant women's discourses about sexuality during pregnancy: possibility for health promotion

Analisar os discursos das gestantes sobre a sexualidade na gestação em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família. Trata-se de estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 14 gestantes em acompanhamento pré-natal em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da cidade de Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brasil. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. Empregou-se o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo para organização e análise dos resultados.Identificou-se, no decorrer dos discursos, a falta de conhecimento acerca do conceito de sexualidade, a sexualidade como prazer e bem-estar na possibilidade para autoestima da gestante, o medo de machucar o bebê durante o ato sexual, dores como obstáculo para relações sexuais durante a gestação e a importância da participação ativa do parceiro no período gestacional. Dessa maneira, é importante que, durante o pré-natal, as práticas educativas sejam reforçadas, para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a sexualidade.

To analyze the discourses of pregnant women about sexuality during pregnancy in a Basic Family Health Unit. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out with 14 pregnant women in prenatal care in a Basic Health Unit in the city of Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brazil. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were used, after the approval of the Ethics and Research Committee. The Collective Subject Discourse was used to organize and analyze the results. During the subjects' discourses, we found a lack of knowledge about the concept of sexuality, what it means as pleasure, and well-being in the possibility of self-esteem of pregnant women; moreover, the fear of hurting the baby during the sexual act, pain as an obstacle to sexual intercourse during pregnancy, and the importance of their partners' active participation throughout the gestational period. In this way, it is important that educational practices be strengthened throughout the prenatal period in order to expand pregnant women's knowledge about sexuality

Infección por el VIH/sida en personas de 50 años y más. Cienfuegos 1986-2021

Fundamento: la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana es una de las infecciones de trasmisión sexual más importantes para la salud a nivel mundial y una de las más temibles del presente siglo. Objetivo: caracterizar la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en personas de 50 años y más. Métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional descriptiva de corte transversal, que incluyó todas las personas diagnosticadas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, en Cienfuegos, en el período comprendido de 1986 a 2021. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, orientación sexual, grupo de pesquisa, diagnósticos por año y municipio de residencia. Resultados: las personas en el grupo de edad de 50 a 59 años aportaron la mayor incidencia con un 75, 21 %; la orientación sexual predominante fue la homosexual (58,9 %); según los grupos de pesquisa, en los tres grupos de edades sobresale el grupo captado con un 41,88 %. En la provincia se observó un incremento mantenido, fundamentalmente en el sexo masculino, en ascenso en los últimos años. Conclusiones: el aumento de los pacientes con 50 años y más, diagnosticados con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, indica que es preciso abordar la problemática con un enfoque clínico epidemiológico diferente. Estas características incrementan el riesgo de infección por VIH por lo que deben ser monitorizadas con la aplicación de la Línea de Trabajo 50 y +, del MINSAP. Es necesario realizar actividades dirigidas a disminuir el riesgo.

Background: infection by the human immunodeficiency virus is one of the most important sexually transmitted infections for health worldwide and one of the most frightening of this century. Objective: to characterize the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus in people aged 50 years and older. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive observational research was carried out, which included all the people diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus, in Cienfuegos, from 1986 to 2021. The analyzed variables were: age, sex, sexual orientation, research group, diagnoses by year and residence municipality. Results: people in the age group of 50 to 59 years contributed the highest incidence with 75.21%; the predominant sexual orientation was homosexual (58,9 %). According to the research groups, in the three age groups the captured group stands out with 41.88%. A sustained increase was observed in the province, mainly in the male sex, rising in recent years. Conclusions: the increase in patients aged 50 and older diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus indicates that it is necessary to address the problem with a different clinical-epidemiological approach. These characteristics increase the risk of HIV infection, they must be monitored with the application of the MINSAP 50 and + Work Line. It is necessary to carry out activities aimed at reducing the risk.

Adicción al sexo, trastorno hipersexual o desorden del comportamiento sexual compulsivo

Introducción: El trastorno hipersexual fue propuesto y desestimado como diagnóstico, con el argumento de escasa evidencia científica y uso indebido en asuntos legales, pero fue reconocido en 2018 como desorden del comportamiento sexual compulsivo. Es una entidad clínica que aún carece de reconocimiento diagnóstico, pero constituye un importante problema de salud mental, sexual y general. Objetivo: Presentar una paciente con un desorden del comportamiento sexual compulsivo y el procedimiento terapéutico empleado. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina de 21 años de edad, con antecedentes de abuso sexual en la infancia. Es traída por la madre porque no lograba controlar sus impulsos sexuales con repetidas búsquedas compulsivas de encuentros sexuales, uso frecuente de pornografía, con malestar clínico significativo y problemas en el área social, estudiantil y otras. Conclusiones: Al diagnosticar el desorden del comportamiento sexual compulsivo, es esencial la entrevista clínica, confeccionar la historia psiquiátrica completa, alcanzar el control de la conducta sexual, las comorbilidades y obtener una mejor calidad de vida del paciente.

Introduction: The hypersexual disorder was proposed and underrated as diagnostic with the argument of scarce scientific evidence and undue use in legal matters, but recognized in 2018 as disorder of compulsive sexual behavior. It is a clinical entity, that still lacks diagnostic recognition, but it constitutes an important problem of mental, sexual and general health. Objective: To present a patient with a disorder of the compulsive sexual behavior and the procedure therapeutic used. Clinical case: 21-year-old female patient, with antecedents of sexual abuse in the childhood. The mother brings her because was not able to control their sexual impulses with repeated compulsive searches of sexual encounters, frequent use of pornography with significant clinical malfunction, and problems in social, student and other important areas. Conclusions: When diagnosing compulsive sexual behavior disorder the essential is the clinical interview, to perform a complete psychiatric history, later to reach the control of the sexual behavior, comorbidity, and to obtain a better quality of the patients' life.

Factores socioculturales, sexuales y reproductivos asociados al no uso de métodos anticonceptivos en adolescentes mujeres

Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de salud pública en Perú; sin embargo, hay una cifra de adolescentes con vida sexual activa, sin protección anticonceptiva. Objetivo: Determinar los factores socioculturales, sexuales y reproductivos asociados al no uso de métodos anticonceptivos en adolescentes mujeres. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva, transversal; se aplicó un análisis de base secundaria de la Encuesta Demográfica y Salud Familiar realizada en Perú en 2019. La población estuvo conformada por 1 871 mujeres de 15 a 19 años y se excluyeron aquellas que no habían iniciado su vida sexual o con datos incompletos. Se utilizó prueba ji cuadrado de Pearson y regresión de Poisson para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: El 46,6 % de adolescentes no utilizaron métodos anticonceptivos. Se asociaron al no uso de métodos anticonceptivos, factores socioculturales como edad de 15 a 17 años, nivel educativo superior, asistencia actual a institución educativa, razón para dejar de estudiar (p< 0,05); y factores sexuales y reproductivos como: no tener parejas sexuales actualmente, edad de la primera relación sexual entre 15 a 19 años, no tener hijos y no vivir con una pareja (p< 0,05). Según el análisis multivariado, tener 15 a 17 años aumenta la prevalencia de no usar métodos anticonceptivos (Rpa: 1,21 IC: 1,09-1,33). Sin embargo, tener parejas sexuales (Rpa: 0,48 IC: 0,44-0,52) e hijos (Rpa: 0,49 IC: 0,45-0,55) redujeron la prevalencia de no uso de anticonceptivos. Conclusiones: Los factores socioculturales, sexuales y reproductivos asociados al no uso de anticoncepción fueron la edad de 15 a 17 años, tener parejas sexuales e hijos.

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a public health problem in Peru; however, there is a number of sexually active adolescents without contraceptive protection. Objective: To determine the sociocultural, sexual and reproductive factors associated with the non-use of contraceptive methods in female adolescents. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional research; a secondary base analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey carried out in Peru, 2019 was applied. The population consisted of 1871 women between the ages of 15 to 19 years and those who had not started their sexual life or with incomplete data were excluded. Pearson's ji-square test and Poisson Regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: 46,6 % of adolescents did not use contraceptive methods. Non-use of contraceptive methods was associated with sociocultural factors such as age between 15 to 17 years, higher educational level, current attendance at an educational institution, reason for leaving school (p< 0,05); and sexual and reproductive factors such as: not currently having sexual partners, age of first sexual intercourse between 15 and 19 years, not having children and not living with a partner (p< 0,05). According to the multivariate analysis, being 15 to 17 years old increases the prevalence of not using contraceptive methods (RPa: 1,21 CI: 1,09-1,33). However, having sexual partners (RPa: 0,48 CI: 0,44-0,52). However, having sexual partners (RPa: 0,48 CI: 0,44-0,52) and children (RPa: 0,49 CI: 0,45-0,55) reduced the prevalence of non-use of contraceptives. Conclusions: The sociocultural, sexual and reproductive factors associated with the non-use of contraception were the age of 15 to 17 years, having sexual partners and children.

Changes in male sexuality after urologic cancer: a narrative review

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the most common sexual problems and changes experienced by male urological cancer survivors, focusing on evidence-based practices for assessment and intervention. Materials and Methods We search the PubMed, Embase, and SciELO databases between 1994 and 2022, using the following key words: "urological cancer", "urological malignances", "genitourinary cancer", "male sexual health", and "male sexual dysfunction". Results This narrative review provides an overview of the current literature involving the impact of diagnosis and treatment of urological cancers on male sexual function. Male "genital" or "reproductive" tumors, such as prostate, penile, and testicular tumors, clearly appear to affect sexual function. However, tumors that do not involve genital parts of the body, such as the bladder and kidney, can also affect male sexual function. Conclusion Male sexual dysfunction is very common after urologic cancer diagnosis and treatment. Changes in body image and anatomical damage can be associated with impaired masculinity and sexual function, especially after prostate, penile or testicular cancer treatment. Moreover, anxiety, depression, and fear of recurrence have an impact on quality of life and sexual function regardless of the cancer location. Therefore, patients need be counseled about the likely changes in sexual function before treatment of any urological cancer.

Sex with animals among men attended in referral centers for sexually transmitted infections in northeast Brazil: prevalence, associated factors and behavioral aspects

ABSTRACT Purpose Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of SWA, associated factors, relationship with STIs, and behavioral aspects in men attended at Referral Centers for STIs and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/CR-STI/AIDS in northeast Brazil. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire with sociodemographic, clinical, sexual and SWA practices information was applied to 400 men attended at two CR-STI/AIDS in Northeast Brazil on the years of 2018 and 2019. Clinical and laboratory diagnoses of STIs were confirmed in medical records. Logistic regression models were performed to identify the independent predictors for SWA. Results The prevalence of SWA over total samples was 15.00%. Of the participants, 239 (59.75%) of the participants were diagnosed with STIs, and of these 37 (15.48%) reported SWA. Most men practiced SWA in adolescence, being the last episode more than 20 years ago, usually with asinine and mules, in vaginal route and without a condom. SWA practitioners have higher percentages of occurrence of some viral STIs. SWA was associated with increasing age, history of residence in a rural area with remained over 12 years, married or widowed/separated, heterosexuals, with less than 7 years of study, Catholics, with hepatitis B, former user of alcoholic beverages and smokers, with a history of STI and intercourse with sex workers. Conclusion SWA practices increase STIs vulnerability. The association between hepatitis B and SWA highlights the importance of educational campaigns and conclusive studies on the topic.

Examining the correlation between sexual and reproductive health stigmatization level and gender perception: a case of a university in Turkey - a descriptive cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND Stigmatization, which emerges depending on the sexual behavior of young individuals, leads to negative health and social outcomes, such as shame, social marginalization, violence, and mental health morbidity. Objective: This study aimed to examine the correlation between the level of sexual and reproductive health stigma and gender perception in female university students. DESIGN AND SETTING: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university in Turkey. METHODS: The data of this study were collected from digital media between July and October 2020 from a study population of 385 students. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, including the socio-demographic characteristics of students, the Sexual and Reproductive Health Stigmatization Scale in Young Women and the Perception of Gender Scale. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation test were used to assess the data. RESULTS: It was determined that there was a negative correlation between the Sexual and Reproductive Health Stigmatization Scale in Young Women and the Perception of Gender Scale (r = -0.173, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: It was determined that as the gender perception in the young women who participated in the study increased, the sexual and reproductive health stigmatization level decreased. The sexual and reproductive health stigmatization levels of the participants were at an above average level, and gender perception was at a medium level.

Prevalence and factors associated with bacterial vaginosis in women in Brazil: a systematic review / Prevalência e fatores associados à vaginose bacteriana em mulheres no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by the imbalance of the vaginal flora, with decrease in Lactobacillus and increase in other bacteria. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with bacterial vaginosis. Methods: Systematic review based on the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, filed in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. The research was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases in September 2021. After reading the titles and abstracts of 84 articles and the full text of 20 articles, 10 of them were included in the review. The articles were considered eligible if they investigated the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and used Amsel's diagnostic criteria or Gram-stained bacterioscopy in women of reproductive age without comorbidities. The studies were evaluated by two investigators to establish reliability. The risk of bias and the quality of the selected studies were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Results: The mean prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the included studies was 25.4% (95%CI 24.0­26.8). In three population-based studies, the mean prevalence was 18.1% (95%CI 16.0­20.5); and in seven clinic-based studies, it was 27.2% (95%CI 24.6­29.9). The factors associated with bacterial vaginosis were the use of sex accessories (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.1­4.9), marital status "single" (OR 1.4; 95%CI 1.1­1.8), partner infidelity (OR 1.5; 95%CI 1.2­1.9), abnormal vaginal secretion (OR 1.5; 95%CI 1.2­2.0), and the presence of trichomoniasis (OR 4.1; 95%CI 1.5­11.5). Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was high, and the associated factors are linked to sexual behavior.

Introdução: A vaginose bacteriana caracteriza-se pelo desequilíbrio da flora vaginal, com diminuição dos Lactobacillus e aumento de outras bactérias. Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à vaginose bacteriana. Métodos: Revisão sistemática baseada nas diretrizes do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, protocolado no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados da PubMed e da Scopus, em setembro de 2021. Após a leitura dos títulos e dos resumos de 84 artigos e do texto completo de 20 artigos, dez foram incluídos na revisão. Os trabalhos foram considerados elegíveis quando investigaram a prevalência de vaginose bacteriana e utilizaram os critérios diagnósticos de Amsel ou a bacterioscopia corada pelo Gram em mulheres em idade reprodutiva e sem comorbidades. Os estudos foram avaliados por duas pesquisadoras para estabelecer a confiabilidade. O risco de viés e a qualidade das pesquisas selecionadas foram avaliados pela ferramenta do Joanna Briggs Institute. Resultados: A prevalência média de vaginose bacteriana nos trabalhos incluídos foi de 25,4% (intervalo de confiança ­ IC95% 24,0­26,8). Em três estudos de base populacional, a prevalência média foi de 18,1% (IC95% 16,0­20,5); e, em sete estudos de base clínica, a prevalência média foi de 27,2% (IC95% 24,6­29,9). Os fatores associados à vaginose bacteriana foram o uso de acessórios sexuais (odds ratio ­OR 2,4; IC95% 1,1­4,9), estado civil "solteira" (OR 1,4; IC95% 1,1­1,8), infidelidade do parceiro (OR 1,5; IC95% 1,2­1,9), secreção vaginal anormal (OR 1,5; IC95% 1,2­2,0) e presença de tricomoníase (OR 4,1; IC95% 1,5­11,5). Conclusão: A prevalência de vaginose bacteriana foi elevada e os fatores associados estão ligados ao comportamento sexual.

Knowledge on post-exposure prophylaxis, sexual behavior, and vulnerabilities to HIV and other STIs among young adults in Brazil

Introduction: Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection after potential risk exposure. ARV-based interventions are recommended as part of combination HIV prevention, especially for key populations. Objective: The aim of this study was to measure knowledge about PEP among university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on university students from the Health, Education, Exact, and Human Sciences Departments of the State University of Bahia, Brazil. Sociodemographic data, information on sexual behavior, and knowledge of PEP were collected through a standardized self-applied questionnaire. Results: We analyzed 1580 questionnaires, of which 66.7% (1024/1536) were from females, with a mean age of 23.9 (±6.5) years, and 35.4% (448/1264) reported irregular use of condoms and regular use was not associated with being students from the health area (p=0.44, OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.69­1.17). Regarding PEP, 28.5% (449/1578) had known about it and their knowledge was statistically associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) (p<0.01, OR 3.92, 95%CI 2.45­6.28). It was noted that 94.0% (1485/1579) did not know the time limit for starting PEP, 95.1% (1500/1578) did not know the duration of prophylaxis, and 91.1% (1437/1577) did not know where to get PEP. Finally, 0.4% (7/1578) referred to previous use and 96.6% (1488/1540) would not change their sexual behavior after knowing about PEP. Conclusion: PEP is a prevention strategy available for decades and is safe, effective, and cost-effective. However, it is underutilized and a lack of knowledge on PEP is one of the main obstacles to access. Among university students, there is a limited knowledge about PEP acting as a barrier in preventing new infections, which shows the need for interventions based on sexual-health education, stimulating the reduction of risk behaviors and disseminating information about combination prevention.

Introdução: A Profilaxia Pós-Exposição (PEP) é o uso de medicamentos antirretrovirais (ARVs) para reduzir o risco de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) após uma potencial exposição. Intervenções baseadas em ARV são recomendadas como parte da prevenção combinada do HIV, especialmente para populações-chave. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi medir o conhecimento sobre PEP entre estudantes universitários. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado entre universitários dos Departamentos de Saúde, Educação, Ciências Exatas e Humanas da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Dados sociodemográficos, informações sobre comportamento sexual e conhecimento sobre PEP foram coletados por meio de um questionário autoaplicável padronizado. Resultados: Foram analisados 1.580 questionários, 66,7% (1024/1536) do sexo feminino, idade média de 23,9 (±6,5) anos, 35,4% (448/1264) relatam uso irregular de preservativo, e o uso regular não foi associado ao fato de ser estudante da área da saúde (p=0,44, OR 0,90, IC95% 0,69-1,17). Em relação à PEP, 28,5% (449/1578) já tinham ouvido falar, e seu conhecimento foi estatisticamente associado a homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) (p<0,01, OR 3,92, IC95% 2,45­6,28). Destaca-se que 94,0% (1485/1579) não sabiam o tempo limite para iniciar o PEP, 95,1% (1500/1578) não sabiam o tempo de duração da profilaxia e 91,1% (1437/1577) não sabiam onde conseguir o PEP. Por fim, 0,4% (7/1578) referiu uso anterior e 96,6% (1488/1540) não mudaria seu comportamento sexual após saber da PEP. Conclusão: A PEP é uma estratégia de prevenção disponível há décadas, segura, eficaz e de baixo custo, porém, é subutilizada e seu desconhecimento é um dos principais obstáculos ao acesso. Há um conhecimento limitado sobre PEP entre universitários, destacando-se como uma barreira na prevenção de novas infecções, o que evidencia a necessidade de intervenções baseadas na educação em saúde sexual, estimulando a redução de comportamentos de risco e disseminando informações sobre prevenção combinada.

Symptoms of depression (not anxiety) mediate the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and compulsive sexual behaviors in men

Objective: Childhood sexual abuse is associated with compulsive sexual behavior, depression, and anxiety in men. Furthermore, both depression and anxiety have been linked to compulsive sexual behaviors. However, whether anxiety and depression mediate the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and compulsive sexual behaviors has yet to be tested. We investigated whether symptoms of depression and anxiety mediate the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and compulsive sexual behaviors in 222 men seeking treatment for such behaviors. Methods: Participants completed the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. A cross-sectional parallel mediation analysis was conducted. Results: The prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in our sample was 57%. Significant correlations were found between childhood sexual abuse and compulsive sexual behaviors, depression, and anxiety. The results of the mediation analyses suggested that depression (B = 0.07, standard error [SE] = 0.03, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.15), but not anxiety (B = 0.02, SE = 0.02, 95%CI -0.2 to 0.07), mediated the link between childhood sexual abuse and compulsive sexual behaviors. The pattern of our results remained the same when controlling for other types of childhood trauma. Conclusions: Depression, not anxiety, appears to mediate the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and compulsive sexual behaviors in men. Future research that tests our mediation analyses using a prospective longitudinal study would be highly informative.

Factors influencing unprotected sexual behavior among college students with different cognitive styles / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To determine the factors influencing unprotected sexual behavior among college students，so as to provide the reference and basis for better sex safety education in college.@*Methods@#From March to August, 2022, 3 188 college students from three universities, namely "double first class" universities, ordinary public undergraduate universities and ordinary private universities, were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method. Cognitive Style Graphic Test, Adolescent Health related Risk Behavior Questionnaire and deographic information questionnaire were used to investigate.@*Results@#Cognitive style and unprotected sexual behavior were positively correlated ( r=0.13, P <0.05). A total of 18.23% ( n =314) of participants reported engaging in unprotected sexual behavior. Binary Logistic regression analysis of participants grouped by cognitive style indicated major factors affecting unprotected sexual behavior among college students. In the field independence group, male students, senior students, and those with frequent romantic encounters (1, 2, and ≥3 times) had more unprotected sexual behavior ( OR =1.28, 1.79, 1.35, 1.68 , 1.84, P <0.05). Four major factors were associated with unprotected sexual behavior in the field independence group: junior and senior college students, those that study liberal arts, urban student source, and those with frequent romantic encounters (1,2 and ≥3 times) ( OR =1.91, 2.01, 1.26, 1.40, 1.46, 1.78, 1.99, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#College students unprotected sexual behavior is associated with multiple factors. Cognitive style is an important reference variable. The factors influencing this behavior have differing effects according to the different cognitive styles among college students.