A Survey on Frequencies of Smoking Cessation Intervention for Patients Among Clinical Nurses / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to 1) find out the characteristic of smoke related characteristics of nurses. 2) find out the frequency of Smoking cessation intervention delivered by nurses. 3) compare the differences in mean scores of smoking cessation interventions by general characteristics. METHOD: The survey questionnaire was mailed out to nurses who were working at the randomly selected hospitals throughout the country from November 28, 2003 to February 15, 2004. RESULT: 0.6% of nurses were current smokers 40.7% of nurses have attended smoking cessation education. Nurses who were older, had masters degree, had oncology experience, higher position, participated in smoking cessation education, and had smoking related disease among family members were variables related to higher frequencies in delivering tobacco interventions. CONCLUSION: Although nurses are in an important position in delivering tobacco interventions and provide resources, their participation in consistent delivery of an intervention is less than desirable. To help nurses to participate in the assessment of tobacco use and interventions for cessation, the development of educational program is necessary.

A Survey on Frequencies of Smoking Cessation Intervention for Patients Among Clinical Nurses / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to 1) find out the characteristic of smoke related characteristics of nurses. 2) find out the frequency of Smoking cessation intervention delivered by nurses. 3) compare the differences in mean scores of smoking cessation interventions by general characteristics. METHOD: The survey questionnaire was mailed out to nurses who were working at the randomly selected hospitals throughout the country from November 28, 2003 to February 15, 2004. RESULT: 0.6% of nurses were current smokers 40.7% of nurses have attended smoking cessation education. Nurses who were older, had masters degree, had oncology experience, higher position, participated in smoking cessation education, and had smoking related disease among family members were variables related to higher frequencies in delivering tobacco interventions. CONCLUSION: Although nurses are in an important position in delivering tobacco interventions and provide resources, their participation in consistent delivery of an intervention is less than desirable. To help nurses to participate in the assessment of tobacco use and interventions for cessation, the development of educational program is necessary.

Smoking Status and Related Factors of Korean Middle School Students in 2002

BACKGROUND: According to recent studies of smoking rates among adolescents, the age at which young people begin to smoke is decreasing. The present study reports the results of a survey, conducted by the Korean National Tuberculosis Association (KNTA) in 2002, of the smoking status of Korean middle school students. METHODS: From April to November 2002, the KNTA surveyed the present smoking status of middle school students (total 14,296: boys-8,697, girls-5,599) according to sex and grade in 125 schools in 12 provinces during a smoking cessation education program. RESULTS: The survey showed that 18.4% of the males (7th grade-15.8%, 8th grade-17.6%, 9th grade-21.8%) and 8.3% of the females (7th grade-6.2%, 8th grade-9.3%, 9th grade-9.5%) had smoking experience. Approximately 2.5% of the males (7th grade-1.2%, 8th grade-1.8%, 9th grade-4.6%) and 1.0% of the females (7th grade- 0.3%, 8th grade-1.2%, 9th grade-1.5%) smoked regularly. The boys' smoking rate was higher than that of the girls in all grades. Smoking rates varied among the provinces, with Chungbuk having the highest rate (2.8%) and Jeonbuk having the lowest (0.9%). The time when most smokers began to smoke was in 6th grade of elementary school for the boys (15.9%) and 7th grade of middle school for the girls (28.6%). Approximately 69.4% of smokers answered that "curiosity" was the most important motivational factor. Statistical analysis indicated that smoking rates were positively correlated with alcohol use and height of students, but were negatively correlated with parents' level of education. At the end of the smoking cessation education program, the number of smokers had reduced for the boys (from 2.6% to 2.2%), but had increased for the girls (from 1.8% to 2.0%). The pre- program survey on the trans-theoretical stage of smoking cessation revealed that 34.2% fell into a pre- contemplation stage, 34.2% into a contemplation stage, and 31.6% into a preparation stage. The post-education survey showed remarkable changes: 24.0% were in the pre-contemplations stage, 40.0% in the contemplation stage, and 36.0% were in the preparation stage. CONCLUSION: This study reports the results of a survey, conducted by the KNTA in 2002, concerning the national smoking status of middle school students, relating factors, and levels of motivation for quitting smoking. The smoking cessation education program run by the KNTA had an impact on the motivational stage of smoking cessation.

Adolescents' Smoking Status and Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Education in Chonan Area

BACKGROUND: In spite of worldwide recognition of the hazardous effects of smoking, the adolescent smoking rate in Korea continues to increase. This study was performed to determine the smoking statistics for the Chonan area, and to evaluate the effectiveness of mass smoking cessation education based on Prochaska's trans-theoretical model in adolescents. METHODS: To obtain the smoking statistics, an on-site questionnaire survey was performed on 7,373 students from 5 middle and 6 high schools in the Chonan area from May to July, 2001. A logistic regression analysis was done on the variables in order to determine the factors related to smoking. Immediately after completing smoking cessation education, the second questionnaire, which included questions on the effectiveness and satisfaction of the education, was conducted in one high school. RESULTS: The smoking rates were 18.0% in males, 8.8% in females; 4.3% in middle school students, and 21.1% in high school students. The smoking rate in vocational high schools (30.7%) was higher than in general high schools (11.9%)(P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that the smoking rate increased in males (OR= 2.28), father's smoking status (OR=1.55), mother's smoking status (OR=2.98), and sibling's smoking status (OR=3.57). Approximately 47% of smokers answered that "curiosity" was their most important motivational factor; 29.1% of smokers started smoking in second grade of middle school. The pre-education survey on the trans-theoretical stage of smoking cessation revealed that 38.1% fell into pre-contemplation stage, 36.8% into contemplation stage, and 25.1% into preparation stage. The post-education survey showed remarkable change to 20.8% of pre-contemplations stage, 47.6% of contemplation stage, and 31.6% of preparation stage. CONCLUSION: The mass smoking cessation education run by doctors did have an impact on the motivational stage of smoking cessation. Therefore, to improve adolescents' health, an active non-smoking campaign and education should be continued in various ways.

Evaluation of Vitamin C Supplementation and Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Intervention in Adolescent Male Smokers / 대한지역사회영양학회지

Smoking can increase oxidative stress and thereby change the antioxidant defense system in the body. Supplementation of antioxidant vitamins might improve antioxidant status in the body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin C supplementation and smoking cessation education on changes of antioxidant status and psychosocial factors related to smoking. To obtain above purposes, we investigated the effectiveness of intervention for male adolescent smokers were evalnate by assessing changes in dietary intakes, plasma antioxidant vitamin concentration, and psychosocial factors related to smoking after program completion. Subjects, male adolescent smokers, were assigned into four groups : Control group(19 students), Educ. group(19 students), Vit. C supple. group(19 students), and Educ. + Vit. C suppl. group(19 students). The Educ. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group received nutrition and smoking cessation education once a week for 5 weeks. Vit. C suppl. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group received 500 mg per day of ascorbic acid for 35 days. All data were collected before and after intervention. Vit. B2 and Vit. C intakes of all groups were increased, but the only Ca intake was increased in the Educ. group. Plasma Vit. C concentration and Ratio(plasma Vit. C/Vit. C intakes) were increased in the Vit. C suppl. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group, and the Vit. C deficiency status of these groups(Vit. C suppl. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group) disappeared. Showing the effects of Vit. C supplementation, plasma alpha-tocopherol was increased in the Educ. and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group, and especially high increases were seen in the Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group. Psychosocial factors related to smoking changed after the education a little. This intervention program had an impact on nutrition intakes, plasma antioxidant vitamins, and some beliefs related to smoking in male adolescent students. Various programs of nutrition and smoking cessation education and vitamin supplementation for quitting smoking must be implemented for adolescent smokers, and further studies are needed regarding sorts and amount of antioxidant nutrients and supplementation periods.

Evaluation of Vitamin C Supplementation and Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Intervention in Adolescent Male Smokers / 대한지역사회영양학회지

Smoking can increase oxidative stress and thereby change the antioxidant defense system in the body. Supplementation of antioxidant vitamins might improve antioxidant status in the body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin C supplementation and smoking cessation education on changes of antioxidant status and psychosocial factors related to smoking. To obtain above purposes, we investigated the effectiveness of intervention for male adolescent smokers were evalnate by assessing changes in dietary intakes, plasma antioxidant vitamin concentration, and psychosocial factors related to smoking after program completion. Subjects, male adolescent smokers, were assigned into four groups : Control group(19 students), Educ. group(19 students), Vit. C supple. group(19 students), and Educ. + Vit. C suppl. group(19 students). The Educ. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group received nutrition and smoking cessation education once a week for 5 weeks. Vit. C suppl. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group received 500 mg per day of ascorbic acid for 35 days. All data were collected before and after intervention. Vit. B2 and Vit. C intakes of all groups were increased, but the only Ca intake was increased in the Educ. group. Plasma Vit. C concentration and Ratio(plasma Vit. C/Vit. C intakes) were increased in the Vit. C suppl. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group, and the Vit. C deficiency status of these groups(Vit. C suppl. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group) disappeared. Showing the effects of Vit. C supplementation, plasma alpha-tocopherol was increased in the Educ. and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group, and especially high increases were seen in the Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group. Psychosocial factors related to smoking changed after the education a little. This intervention program had an impact on nutrition intakes, plasma antioxidant vitamins, and some beliefs related to smoking in male adolescent students. Various programs of nutrition and smoking cessation education and vitamin supplementation for quitting smoking must be implemented for adolescent smokers, and further studies are needed regarding sorts and amount of antioxidant nutrients and supplementation periods.