Influence of Irrigation Scheduling on Weeds among Different Sowing Dates in Wheat under Vertisol

Wheat is an important cereal grain crop and is staple to millions. Weeds are the major constraint that lower the wheat yield. The knowledge of weeds under different sowing dates and Irrigation can assist in controlling weeds. A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2020-21 at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, M.P. to study the influence of irrigation scheduling on weeds at different sowing dates in wheat. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three sowing dates, i.e., 3rd December, 18th December and 2nd January and four Irrigation Water/Cumulative Pan Evaporation (IW/CPE) based irrigation scheduling, 1.0, 0.9, 0.8 and 0.7 in the sub-plots. The results revealed that lowest weed density and dry weight were observed in 2nd January sown date, as compared to 3rd December and 18th December sown date. Among the irrigation schedules, 0.7 IW/CPE observed lowest weed density and dry weight than 1.0, 0.9, 0.8 IW/CPE ratio. 3rd December sown date exhibited highest grain yield (4637 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6788 kg ha-1) than 18th December and 2nd January sown date. Among the irrigation schedules, 1.0 IW/CPE ratio exhibited maximum grain yield (4510 kg ha-1) than 0.9, 0.8 and 0.7 IW/CPE ratio. The results of the study concludes that sowing dates and irrigation schedules had crucial role for controlling weeds.

Assessment of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties under Various Sowing Windows for Crop Growth, Development and Yield in Western Maharashtra, India

The present experiment was carried out at Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training, College of Agriculture, Pune, MPKV, Rahuri for assessment of different groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties for crop growth, development and yields under various sowing windows in Western Maharashtra Plain Zone during the Kharif season of 2017 and 2018. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of four varieties viz., V1: JL-501, V2: RHRG-6083 (Phule Unnati), V3: TAG-24 and V4: JL-776 (Phule Bharati) as main plot and four sowing windows viz., S1: 25th MW, S2: 26th MW, S­3: 27th MW and S4: 28th MW as sub plot treatments. From the result of the study, all the growth attributes were increased with the advancement in age of the groundnut crop. Plant height 35.27 and 33.34 cm, total number branches 11.34 and 10.55, total dry matter accumulation plant-1 34.36 and 32.11 g during both the years of experiment, which were found significantly higher in variety JL-776 over RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24. Among all the sowing windows 26th MW (S2) recorded the highest growth attributes viz., plant height (33.67 and 31.94 cm), total number of branches plant-1 (11.34 and 10.58 g) and total dry matter accumulation plant-1 (34.75 and 32.78 g) during both year of experiment. 26th MW sowing window was at par with the 27th MW sowing window with all growth attributes. Pod yield (26.59 and 28.14 q ha-1) and haulm yield (39.61 and 36.7 q ha-1) were significantly higher in variety in JL-776 followed by RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24. Pod yield (27.25 and 28.84 q ha-1) and haulm yield (40.60 and 37.61 q ha-1) was higher in 26th MW sowing window, which were at par with 27th MW sowing window during both the year.

Effect of sowing dates on physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of Carthamus tinctorius / 中国中药杂志

A field experiment was conducted to measure the physiological characteristics, yield, active ingredient content, and other indicators of Carthamus tinctorius leaves undergoing 13 sowing date treatments. The principal component analysis(PCA) and redundancy analysis were used to analyze the correlation between these indicators to explore the effect of sowing date on the yield and active ingredient content of C. tinctorius in Liupanshan of Ningxia. The results illustrated that the early sowing in autumn and spring had significant effects on leaf photosynthetic parameters, SPAD value, antioxidant enzyme activity, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, filament yield, grain yield, and hydroxy safflower yellow A(HYSA) of C. tinctorius. Sowing in mid-November and late March had the best effect. Leaf transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase increased by 44.9%, 52.4%, 15.9%, 60.8%, 10.3%, and 38.3%, respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase decreased by 10.8%, 4.1%, and 20.9%, respectively. The improvement of photosynthetic physiological characteristics promoted the dry matter accumulation and reproductive growth of C. tinctorius. The yield of filaments and seeds increased by 15.5% and 11.7%, and the yield of HYSA and kaempferol increased by 17.9% and 20.0%. In short, the suitable sowing date can promote the growth and development of C. tinctorius in Liupanshan of Ningxia, and significantly improve the yield and quality, which is conducive to the high quality and efficient production of C. tinctorius.

Effects of delayed sowing-date on yield components of Thladiantha setispina / 中草药

Objective: In order to discuss the influence difference of environmental stress on dioecious plants and the response of environmental factors influence on the fruiting and yield of Thladiantha setispina. Methods: The effects of the different sowing-dates on the female plant rate, fruit character, and seed yield of T. setispina were investigated by the comparative ways. Results: Different sowing-dates on differentiation of male and female plants had a significant impact. The appropriate delay of sowing-date could significantly improve the proportion of female T. setispina (P 0.05), but the sowing-date on yield components of T. setispina had a direct impact on related indicators, yield differences during the treatments reached a very significant level (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The appropriate delaying of sowing-date could help to improve the seed production of T. setispina.

Corn performance with late sowing in Planalto Catarinense, Brazil, simulated with CERES-maize model

This work had the objective to investigate the delay effects in the sowing date on corn establishment, cycle duration and yield through the computer simulations using CERES-Maize model, in order to help agrarian producers from the Mountainous Area of Santa Catarina, Brazil to take better decisions on it. The computer simulations showed that: 1)the risks on corn establishment increased due to the delay of sowing during the studied years; 2) in some years, its cycles were drastically affected for the lower temperatures; 3) the cycle durations were longer when confronted with the low temperatures; 4) corn income decreased when the cycles were confronted with the low temperatures, water deficiency and low solar radiation; 5) potential incomes averaged 4944 kg ha-1, and under the natural rain conditions averaged 2490 kg ha-1, during all the months analyzed from October to March; 6) besides January, the exploration of this cultivar was not viable because of the high risk of the crop frustration associated to the same ones, due to the thermal conditions (low temperatures and frost).

O trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos decorrentes do atraso da semeadura no estabelecimento, duração do ciclo e rendimento do milho, mediante simulações em computador com o uso do modelo CERES-Maize, a fim de orientar os produtores na tomada de decisão na região do Planalto Serrano Catarinense. Em função da época em que é cultivado, o milho com semeadura tardia normalmente está exposto a riscos maiores de perdas por geadas e deficiência hídrica em relação ao cultivo na época recomendada, atingindo um menor potencial de produtividade e tendência de alongamento do ciclo. As simulações permitiram concluir que: os riscos de estabelecimento do milho foram bastante variáveis ao longo dos decêndios analisados; em alguns anos os ciclos foram afetados drasticamente por temperaturas bastante baixas; as durações dos ciclos tenderam a alongar-se quando confrontados com temperaturas baixas; os rendimentos decresceram quando os ciclos se confrontaram com temperaturas baixas, menor disponibilidade hídrica e de radiação solar; os rendimentos potenciais foram em média de 4944 kg ha-1 e em condições de chuva natural de 2490 kg ha-1, considerando todo o período analisado (outubro a março); a exploração desta cultivar, além do mês de janeiro não seria viável devido ao alto risco de frustrações de safras associadas às mesmas, decorrentes das condições térmicas (temperaturas baixas e geadas).

Desempenho de cultivares de feijão em semeadura tardia no planalto catarinense / Performance of bean cultivars on later sowing in the santa catarina plateau

A semeadura tardia é uma prática cultural que vem sendo utilizada pelos produtores de feijão do planalto catarinense, apesar de não recomendada pela pesquisa. Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de feijão em semeadura fora da época recomendada, conduziu-se um experimento em Lages, SC, nos anos agrícolas de 1993/94 e 1994/95. Foram utilizadas oito cultivares de feijão, sendo seis do grupo comercial preto e duas do carioca, semeadas em meados de novembro (época recomendada), de dezembro e de janeiro. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos segundo um fatorial 2 x 3 x 8 (ano x época de semeadura x cultivar) em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O atraso da semeadura reduziu o sub-período emergência-início de florescimento, afetando significativamente o crescimento das plantas. O número de legumes/planta e de grãos/legume e peso de 1000 grãos foram significativamente afetados pelo atraso da semeadura, o que resultou em reduções no rendimento de grãos da ordem de 24,6 por cento para a semeadura de dezembro e de 56,7 por cento para a de janeiro, em relação a de novembro, ou seja, uma redução de 0,95 por cento no rendimento de grãos a cada dia de atraso da semeadura. Concluiuse que o atraso da semeadura de feijão no planalto catarinense reduz significativamente o rendimento de grãos; a indicação desta prática deve ser acompanhada da recomendação de cultivares específicas e de um manejo adequado; e utilizando as recomendações de manejo da cultura do feijão, a cultivar BR/ IPAGRO 1-Macanudo é a de melhor desempenho em semeadura tardia no planalto catarinense.

Late sowing of beans is not recommended; however, this procedure can prove to be useful to increase productivity to farmer beans of the Santa Catarina plateau. An experiment was carried out in Lages, SC, in 1993/94 and 1994/95 growing season with the objective to evaluate the performance of bean cultivars sowed late in the season. Eight cultivars, six of which belong to black beans group and two to "carioca" bean cultivars were sowing in November (recommended period) December and January. The experimental design was a factorial 2 x 3 x 8 (year x season of sowing x cultivar) in a completely randomized block, design with four repetitions. The crop growing and period of emergency-blossom was affected by later sowing. Yield components: number of pods per plant and seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, and grain yield were significantly affected by later sowing. The grain yield was reduced by 24.6 percent and 56.7 percent in whem sowed December and January to November sowing. Therefore, the grain yield was reduced in 0.95 percent to each day of late sowing. The results support the idea that the grain yield of bean cultivars are affected by the later sowing in the Santa Catarina plateau. The practice of late sowing has to be established by recommendation to each cultivars and crop management.