Résumé
The study was carried out to elucidate the suitability and utilization of malted African breadfruit (Treculia africana) seed flour in snack bars production. Malted African breadfruit seeds, maize and coconut were processed to flour and evaluated of their proximate composition, phytochemical composition and particle sizes. Six (6) products were developed from the flour blends in the respective ratio of 0:95:5 (T0), 20:75:5 (T20), 25:70:5 (T25), 30:65:5 (T30), 35:60:5 (T35) and 95:0:5 (T95). Soluble dietary fibre (SDF = 5.15 – 3.15%) decreased while insoluble (IDF = 7.23 – 19.23%) and total dietary fibre (TDF = 12.33 – 22.39%) increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing malted African breadfruit inclusion. In vitro glycemic index (IVGI) and starch digestibility (IVSD) decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 57.30 – 45.65% and 57.48 – 31.44% respectively, with increasing substitution of malted African breadfruit seed flour. A negative correlation was observed between the TDF and IVGI content of the snack bars. In vitro protein digestibility ranged from 68.19 to 87.45%. With reference to standard classifications, the formulated malted African breadfruit seed based snack bars could be referred to as ‘high fibre’ and ‘low glycemic’ foods, and may have positive health benefit to the consumers, especially the diabetics and those interested in weight management.
Résumé
@#Introduction: Rice is the principle staple and energy source for nearly half the world’s population and has significant nutrition and health implications. Most rice varieties are considered high glycaemic index (GI) foods. With rice being a major contributor to the glycaemic load in Asian populations, there is increasing concern of its impact on the development of type 2 diabetes. Devising ways to reduce the glycaemic impact of rice is therefore imperative. Rice is cooked in a variety of ways, such as over an open fire, electric cooker or microwave. We evaluated the impact of the electric cooker and microwave cooking methods on starch digestibility in a variety of rice commonly consumed in Asia. Methods: Nine rice varieties of varying GIs were cooked in an electric cooker and microwave oven, and the starch digestibility of cooked rice measured using an in vitro digestion method. Results: High GI white rice (WR) had reduced starch digestibility after microwave cooking compared to electric cooker (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in incremental area under the curves (iAUC) and rapidly digestible starch of WR cooked using microwave rather than electric cooker (p<0.05). Interestingly, even for low GI rice varieties such as iddly rice and extra long basmati rice, microwaving increased slowly digestible starch. Conclusion: The results provide indicative data that the glycaemic impact of rice can be reduced when cooked using a microwave oven. These observations have nutritional implications that need to be substantiated using in vivo studies. Microwaving may provide a simple method of reducing the postprandial glycaemia of high GI rice.
Résumé
Aims: Resistant starch (RS), kinetics of starch digestion, predicted glycemic index (pGI) and nutritional composition were determined in two improved rice varieties from Cameroun. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Canada between December 2012 and March 2013. Methodology: Non-parboiled and parboiled samples of TOX 3145 and NERICA-3 varieties were involved in this study. An in vitro enzymatic starch digestion method was applied to measure starch digestibility parameters. Standardized methods were adopted for proximate and mineral contents evaluation. Results: The parboiled samples had significantly higher (P<0.05) resistant starch (8.35 - 11.07%) than the non-parboiled samples (3.81 - 4.84%). The values for pGI among samples ranged from 57.57 to 67.78%. Significantly higher values for protein, phosphorus and potassium were found among the parboiled samples (P<0.05). Nutritional composition was positively related to RS while pGI had inverse relationship with protein, ash, fat, phosphorus, potassium and RS. Conclusion: Starch digestibility of these rice varieties was associated to their nutritional composition.
Résumé
Introduction: The study aimed to analyse the nutritional quality, antioxidant components and activity of three varieties of corn based ready-to- eat (RTE) breakfast cereals (BFC) enriched with strawberry, banana and mango. Methods: Fruit-enriched corn based breakfast cereals manufactured in India were purchased and ground to obtain homogeneous samples for analysis. The contents of moisture, protein, total fat, dietary fibre, iron, phosphorous, calcium, vitamin C, total carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, in vitro digestible protein, bioaccessible calcium and iron, and digestible starch fractions were determined. The antioxidant components namely, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in different extracts were also determined using total antioxidant, free radical scavenging(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and reducing power assays. Results: The protein and dietary fibre contents in all samples ranged between 4.0-4.6 and 6.4-7.6 g/100g respectively. Total iron and vitamin C ranged between 10.7-13.3 mg and 33.2-43.6 mg/100g respectively. Cereals with mango had high total carotene in comparison with other samples. In vitro digestible protein of the processed cereals was low, while bioaccessible calcium (50.2-59.5%) and iron (8.5-15.1%) levels were high due to low oxalates and phytic acid contents. The starch profiles of the breakfast cereals showed high rapidly available glucose and starch digestibility index. Fruit-enriched breakfast cereals showed high polyphenol content in methanol extract (48.6-71.3 mg/100g) and high total antioxidant activity in aqueous extracts. Free radical scavenging and reducing power assay showed high activity in 80% methanol extract. Conclusion: Fruit-enriched breakfast cereals have the potential to be a good source of iron, dietary fibre, vitamin C and total carotene. The fruit-enriched cereals also had high bioaccessible iron and antioxidant activity.
Résumé
To diversify the use of extruded arracacha Fluor, it was proposed the preparation of a drink with the addition of folic acid. The methodology applied allowed to determine the chemical composition, physical-chemical characteristics, functional in vitro starch digestibility and shelf stability. The formulation based on a meal arracacha 30,30 percent, 42,2 percent, 27,22 percent and 0,16 percent of vanilla was the highest preference. It is characterized by intermediate rate of digestion and to the development of a viscous suspension meringue type, no lumps, no phase separation, by high water absorption, swelling power and solubility. It was estimated that 200 g of the product provides 400 to 340 mg of folic acid and a good supply of protein, minerals and dietary fiber. This mixture had stability for three months of storage. In conclusion, this Fluor can be used as an alternative source of starch to make milk drinks.
Para diversificar el uso de la harina extrudida de arracacha, se planteó la elaboración de una bebida en polvo con la adición de ácido fólico. La metodología permitió determinar la composición química, características fisicoquímicas, funcionales, digestibilidad in vitro del almidón y estabilidad en anaquel. La formulación con 30,30 por ciento de harina, 42,32 por ciento de leche entera, 27,22 por ciento de azúcar y 0,16 por ciento de vainilla, fue la de mayor preferencia, caracterizada por una tasa de digestión intermedia y por desarrollar una suspensión viscosa tipo merengada, sin grumos, ni separación de fases, dada la alta absorción de agua, poder de hinchamiento y solubilidad de los granulos del almidón. Se estimó que 200 g del producto provee entre 400 a 340 mg de ácido fólico y un buen aporte de proteína, minerales y fibra dietaría. Durante tres meses de almacenamiento, se mantuvo la calidad inicial. En conclusión esta harina resultó una fuente de almidón alternativa para formular mezclas en polvo para bebidas lácteas instantáneas.