Protective Effect of Total Lignans of Arctii Fructus on Retina in Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of total lignans of Arctii Fructus on the retinal tissue in the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MethodWistar rats were randomized into normal， model， solvent， Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules （618 mg·kg-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （100， 200， 400 mg·kg-1， respectively） total lignans of Arctii Fructus groups， with 16 rats in each group. The rat model was established by streptozotocin （STZ） combined with a high-fat diet and administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage once a day for 14 weeks. At the 14th week， blood was sampled for the collection of serum from the abdominal aorta after anesthesia， and bilateral eyeballs were collected and frozen. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the retinal tissue in rats. The pathological changes of retinal vascular network in rats were observed by retinal vascular tissue digestion and mounting The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） in the serum were determined by the ELISA kit. ResultCompared with the normal group， the solvent group showed pathological changes in the retinal tissue， reduced retinal ganglion cells （P<0.01）， and retinal thinning （P<0.01）， decreased E/P value in retinal blood vessels （P<0.01）， and elevated serum levels of VEGF， TNF-α， and ICAM-1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the total lignans of Arctii Fructus increased the retinal ganglion cells （P<0.01）， thickened the retina （P<0.01）， and lowered the serum levels of VEGF， TNF-α， and ICAM-1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTotal lignans of Arctii Fructus may lower the VEGF， TNF-α， and ICAM-1 levels to protect the retina.

Protective Effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma Extracts on Myocardial Fibrosis in Diabetic Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the protective effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma (GNC) extracts on myocardial fibrosis in diabetic mice by observing the degree of myocardial fibrosis and collagen types I (Collagen Ⅰ), collagen types Ⅲ (Collagen Ⅲ) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) protein expression in myocardial tissues. Method::A diabetic mice model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet. A normal control group was established. According to random number table method, diabetic mice were divided into model group, GNC low-dose and high-dose groups (0.819, 1.638 g·kg-1), and metformin group (150 mg·kg-1). Intragastrical administration was given in all groups, and the mice in normal control group received an equal dose of deionized water once a day for 9 weeks. The myocardial interstitial fibrosis in mice was observed by Masson trichromatic staining. Image-pro plus 6.0 analysis software was used to calculate the ratio of collagen area to total area. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect Collagen I, Collagen Ⅲ and TGF-β1 protein expression in myocardial tissues. The protein expression electrophoresis and gray value levels of Collagen I, Collagen Ⅲ and TGF-β1 in the myocardial tissues were detected by Western blot. Result::The results of Masson staining showed that as compared with the normal control group, the myocardial cells of diabetic mice were hypertrophic and disordered, and the myocardial stroma, especially the blue-stained collagenous fibers around the blood vessels, were heavily deposited and connected to each other in a network (P<0.01). As compared with the model group, the arrangement of myocardial cells was significantly improved in GNC low-dose and high-dose groups and metformin group, and the collagenous fibers in the myocardial stroma were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot results showed positive expression of Collagen Ⅰ, Collagen Ⅲ and TGF-β1 in myocardial tissues, with significantly increased content of protein expression in diabetic mice (P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with the model group, the positive protein expression decreased and the protein content tended to be normal in each administration group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::High-fat diet combined with STZ can induce myocardial fibrosis in diabetic mice, and increase Collagen I, Collagen Ⅲ and TGF-β1 protein expression. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma extracts can improve myocardial fibrosis in diabetic mice by regulating the expression of Collagen I, Collagen Ⅲ and TGF-β1 protein.

Treatment of Diabetic Condition in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wister Rats Using Food Blends Such as Unripe Plantain, Soybean and Ginger

Aims: To investigate the effect of food blends (plantain, soybean and ginger) on the blood glucose, lipid profile and haematological indices on streptozotocininduced diabetic rats.Methodology: A total of 35 rats of mean body weight 219.07g separated into7 groups (5 per group) where inducedby a single intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of streptozotocin(0.1g dissolved in 5mlof freshly prepared sodium citrate buffer 0.1M, pH 4.5) at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight after fasting for 12hoursand fed with flours/blends. The flours were produced from plant materials for different treatments/blends (blend A=100% unripe plantain, B=80% unripe plantain, 14% soybean, 6% ginger, C=70% unripe plantain, 26% soybean, 4%ginger, D= 60% unripe plantain, 38% soybean, 2% ginger, E= 50% unripe plantain, 50% soybean) and the phytochemicals and minerals content were determined.Blood glucose was determined at 5 days interval for 25days.Diabetes was confirmed inrats with blood glucose concentrations >200mg/dl. After 25 daysrats were anaesthetized with chloroform vapour and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture for haematology and lipidprofile determination.Results:The results showed that unripe plantain, soya beans and ginger in adequate proportion(C=70% unripe plantain, 26% soybean, 4%ginger or D= 60% unripe plantain, 38% soybean, 2% ginger) could help to reduce blood glucose, improve haematological parameters and lipid profile. Significant reduction was observed in the blood glucose level of rats fed blends C and D from 286 to 85mg/dl and 307 to 90mg/dl respectively at the end of experiment. These results also demonstrated that the inclusion of ginger at 6% causes rise in blood glucose level. Total cholesterol (TC) increased in all the blends. However, the lowest concentration of TC was observed in blends C and D. The highest packed cell volume (60%) and Haemoglobin (20g/dl) level observed in rats fed blend C was significantly higher than the normal control fed conventional feeds. The increase in packed cell volume (PCV) (50%) and Hb (17g/dl) in diabetic rats demonstrated that the formulated blend C was able to raise PCV and Hb above 50% and 17g/dl (Normal controlNC) respectively. Significant increase (P<0.05) in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) was also observed in all the blends with blend C having the least (4.0mg/dl) close to NC (2.0mg/dl). Conclusion:From the results it is evident that blend C will manage and improve the health status of diabetic patients

Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of peanut shell polyphenol extracts / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic property of peanut shell polyphenol extracts (PSPEs). Diabetic rats were oral-administrated with PSPE at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) per day for 28 consecutive days, with metformin (Met) as a positive control. The results showed that, similar to the Met treatment, administration of PSPE caused significant decreases in food intake, water intake, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde in serum, and significant increases in BW, insulin level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and liver glycogen. Further, glucose tolerance was markedly improved in the PSPE-treated diabetic groups. Histopathological results showed that PSPE improved cellular structural and pathological changes in liver, kidney, and pancreatic islets. Collectively, the results indicated that the hypoglycemic effects of PSPE on high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced diabetes are comparable to Met, though their exact mechanism actions are still under investigation. Therefore, the current study suggests that PSPE could be a potential health-care food supplement in the management of diabetes.

Antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng: (Gac) aril extract on reproductive damages in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia mice / Efectos antioxidantes e hipoglucémicos del extracto de aril de Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng: (Gac) sobre los daños reproductivos en ratones con hiperglucemia inducida por streptozotocin (STZ)

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of Momordica cochinchinensis (Gag) aril (GA) aqueous extract on male reproductive system of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia (HG) mice. GA were extracted with distilled water (DW) and analyzed for in vitro antioxidant capacities. ICR male mice were divided into 7 groups: 1) control, 2) DW, 3) GA 1000 mg/kg BW, 4) HG, 5) HG + glibenclamide, 6 and 7) HG + GA 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW respectively (7 mice/ group). In HG groups, mice were induced by STZ at single dose (150 mg/kg BW). They were treated for consecutive 35 days. All groups were compared for blood glucose levels, weights and histopathologies of reproductive organs, sperm concentration including testicular tyrosine phosphorylation protein patterns by Immuno-Western blotting. The results showed that GA processed antioxidant activities and could significantly decrease blood glucose levels and increase sperm concentration in HG mice. Moreover, GA could change the density of a testicular 70 kDa protein in HG-GA groups. In conclusion, GA extract could improve hyperglycemia and male reproductive damages in STZ-induced HG mice.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto del extracto acuoso de Momordica cochinchinensis (Gag) aril (GA) en el sistema reproductor masculino de ratones hiperglucémicos inducidos por estreptozotocina (STZ). GA fue extraída con agua destilada (DW) y se analizaron las capacidades antioxidantes in vitro. Ratones ICR machos fueron divididos en 7 grupos: 1) control, 2) DW, 3) GA 1000 mg / kg PC, 4) HG, 5) HG + glibenclamida, 6 y 7) HG + GA 500 y 1000 mg / kg PC, respectivamente (7 ratones / grupo). En los grupos HG, los ratones fueron inducidos con STZ en dosis única (150 mg / kg BW). Fueron tratados durante 35 días consecutivos. En todos los grupos se compararon los niveles de glucosa en sangre, los pesos y las histopatologías de los órganos reproductores, la concentración de espermatozoides, incluídos los patrones testiculares de proteínas tirosina fosforilada por Inmuno-Western blot. Los resultados mostraron que GA procesaba actividades antioxidantes y podían disminuir significativamente los niveles de glucosa en sangre y aumentar la concentración de espermatozoides en ratones HG. Además, GA podría cambiar la densidad de una proteína testicular de 70 kDa en grupos HG-GA. En conclusión, el extracto de GA podría mejorar la hiperglucemia y los daños reproductivos masculinos inducidos por STZ en ratones HG.

Hypoglycemic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Talinum Triagulare Leaves in Normal and Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats.

Talinum Triangulare (Family: Portulacaceae) is an herbaceous perennial plant widely grown in tropical regions as a leaf vegetable with a blood-glucose-lowering effect, but its mechanism of action are still unknown. Here we report a hypoglycemic activity of Methanolic Extract of Talinum Triangulare Leaf (METTL) in healthy, glucose loaded and Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Animals either healthy or STZ-induced diabetic show significantly lowered blood glucose levels after 2 weeks of METTL treatment (250 mg/kg), it significantly reduced blood glucose levels compared with that in diabetic control rats. Additionally, the increase in blood glucose levels after administration of glucose (1.2 g/kg) in normal rats is significantly decreased and the oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) of STZ-induced diabetic rats is largely improved by METTL treatment. However, co-administration of METTL with glipizide, an oral hypoglycemic drug, it produces synergistic effect. We conclude that METTL has a significant anti hyperglycemic effect. Continuous glucose monitoring is needed in diabetic patients.

The Effects of ?-endorphin and Neuropeptide Y on Plasma Glucose Level in STZ Induced Mice with Chronic Stress / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the factors of influencing plasma glucose level in STZ induced mice with chronic stress. Method We selected forty STZ mice and twenty normal Kun-ming(KM) mice, matched them with plasma glucose.Then the mice were divided into four groups:group A(STZ induced mice plus stress),group B(STZ induced mice),group C(stressing normal mice) and group D(normal mice).Stress factors were restraint, rotation and crowding. Their plasma glucose levels were determined every two weeks during the experiment. The contents of plasma insulin ,?-endorphin(?-EP) and Neuropeptide Y(NPY) in hypothalamus were measured after 6 weeks.Results After the chronic stress, in STZ mice(group A),the levels of plasma glucose and NPY were elevated significantly, the level of plasma insulin were gradually elevaled according to groups A,B,C,D,in sequences,there was obviously differences among the four groups significantly, ?-EP level increased according groups D,C,B and A slightly. Correlation analyses showed that there was negative correlation between the levels of plasma insulin and glucose(r=-0 4555,p

Structural and Morphometric Studies of the Curative Effects of Moxibustion Treatments for Diabetic Hepatic Injuries Following Administration of Streptozotocin / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

To analyze the curative effects of moxibustion for rat diabetic hepatic injuries caused by the administration ofsteptozotocin (STZ), the authors designed ultrastructural studies using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and image processing.<BR>Wistar male rats (44 animals) were divided into 4 groups. The first group (10 animals) was used as the control. The second group (14 animals) was a diabetic group injected I.P. with 50 mg/kg BW of STZ on the first experimental day. The third and fourth groups (10 animals each) were the curative groups, which were given moxibustion treatments of 5 half-rice grains of moxa, three times a week following STZ administration. Used acupoints were Tian Men (3rd group) and Tian Ping (4th group) according to the animal acupoint chart.<BR>First, light and electron microscopices were used to observe, the hepatic parenchymal cells, and light and electron micrographs were obtained. The electron micrographs were used to analyze the distribution of glycogen granules including its glycogen areas, fat droplets and autophagic vacuoles using an image processing method.<BR>The results were as follows : Normal control hepatocytes contained moderate volumes of glycogen areas and glycogen granules, but a few hepatocytes were without fat droplets or autophagic vacuoles. On the other hand, thehepatocytes, that had been treated with only STZ, were injured, and contained a number of fat droplets andautophagic vacuoles, but glycogen areas and glycogen granules had decreased. The hepatocytes of the rats treatedwith both STZ and moxibustion recovered to their normal state, suggesting that moxibustion treatment had curativeeffects for the rat hepatic dabetic injuries caused by the administration of STZ.

Effect of Xiexin Decoction on early diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats / 中草药

Objective To investigate the effect of Xiexin Decoction(XXD) on the early diabetic nephropathy(DN) of diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet with injection of streptozotocin(STZ).MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups and fed with normal pellet diet(NPD) or high-fat diet(HFD),respectively,for a period of four weeks and then HFD-fed rats were ip injected with STZ.The diabetic rats were divided into three groups: model group,XXD group,and metformin group.After 13-weeks ig administration,fasting blood glucose(FBG),glycated hemoglobin(HbAlc),blood lipids(TG and TC),serum insulin(INS),renal function,kidney index,albumin in urine,and the renal histology and ultrastructure were observed.Results Compared with the model group,XXD reduced the levels of water intake,food consumption,urine volume,HbAlc,insulin resistance index(IRI),creatinine clearance rate(CCr),albumin in urine and blood lipids(P