Utilidad de un modelo de reconstrucción e impresión 3D en Cirugía Hepática Compleja

Introducción: La anatomía hepática siempre ha sido un reto por su complejidad y variabilidad. En los últimos años, el abaratamiento de los costes ha permitido la generación de modelos 3D individualizados para cada paciente que pueden facilitar el abordaje quirúrgico de las lesiones. El objetivo principal fue determinar la utilidad del modelado 3D preoperatorio para la planificación quirúrgica en pacientes con lesiones hepáticas. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de casos de 38 pacientes intervenidos por lesiones hepáticas múltiples ocupantes de espacio, en el cual, en un grupo seleccionado, en 19 pacientes se utilizó un modelo impreso 3D para planificar la cirugía (grupo 3D) y el otro grupo sin el modelo impreso 3D (grupo control). Resultados: Se observó una diferencia de medias significativa en el número de lesiones; mayor en el grupo 3D al realizar el test de Wilcoxon (p < 0,001) y un mayor número de casos con afectación vascular en este mismo grupo al realizar Chi cuadrado Pearson (p = 0,008). El resto de variables no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. A pesar de esto, la mortalidad se redujo a 0 cuando se usan modelos impresos en 3D. Conclusión: La impresión 3D permite planear, de manera más precisa, cirugías complejas del hígado, ayuda a la inclusión y exclusión de los pacientes para la cirugía, disminuyendo el tiempo de la sala de operaciones, la posterior hospitalización y las complicaciones quirúrgicas.

Introduction: Liver anatomy has always been a challenge due to its complexity and variability. In recent years, lower costs has allowed the generation of individualized 3D models for each patient, which can facilitate the surgical approach to liver lesions. The main objective was to determine usefulness of preoperative 3D modeling for surgical planning in patients with liver lesions. Methods: Quasi-experimental before-after study. 19 cases were included in which surgery was planned using a 3D printed model (13 bilobar hepatectomies, 3 of them with vascular involvement, and 6 unilobar hepatectomies, 1 of them with vascular involvement), and another 19 cases whose planning was carried out without a 3D printed model (7 bilobar segmental hepatic resections and 12 unilobar segmental resections. None of these cases had vascular involvement). Results: A significant difference in mean lesion count was observed, higher in the group of cases when performing the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.001), and a higher number of cases with vascular involvement in the same group when performing the Pearson chi-square test (p = 0.008). The rest of the variables did not show statistically significant differences. Despite this, mortality was reduced to 0 when 3D printed models were used. Conclusion: 3D printing allows for more precise planning of complex liver surgeries, helps with the inclusion and exclusion of patients for surgery, reduces operating room time, postoperative hospitalization, and surgical complications.

Construction and application evaluation of a multi-dimensional surgical equipment management and control platform based on artificial intelligence and Internet of Things / 中国医学装备

Objective:To construct a multi-dimensional surgical equipment management and control platform based on artificial intelligence and Internet of Things(AIoT)to assist with the refinement and intelligent management medical equipment in hospital operating rooms.Methods:A multi-dimensional surgical equipment control platform based on AIoT was established by integrating the Internet of Things(IoT),big data analysis,indoor positioning technology,artificial intelligence(AI)technology and other technologies to collect real-time process data of surgical equipment such as endoscopy and electrosurgical,and to open up the relationships among information systems relating to surgical equipment,such as hospital information system(HIS),laboratory information system(LIS),radiology information system(RIS)and operation anesthesia management system(OAMS),so as to provide technical support for efficiency analysis,benefit analysis and assets management of surgical equipment.The platform was composed of 3 layers:data extraction layer,data engine layer and AI data analysis layer,including 4 functional modules:automatic data acquisition,deep data fusion,data mining and analysis and data visualization.Results:This platform was launched in Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in June 2022,and had realized achieving intelligent daily management such as indoor positioning of operating room equipment,one click inventory.A set of performance analysis method based on IoT and integrated with information systems was established to automatically count the utilization efficiency and cost-effectiveness of key surgical equipment to realize intelligent service,intelligent management,and digital operation.Conclusion:The construction and application of this platform improved the efficiency of medical equipment in operating rooms,reduced the cost and increased the efficiency,assisted in the refinement and intelligent management of hospital surgical equipment,and provided data support for scientific decision-making of hospital managers.

Cambio rutinario de instrumental y guantes quirúrgicos en cirugía abdominal: ¿cuál es el impacto sobre el riesgo de infección? / Routine change of surgical instruments and gloves in abdominal surgery: what is the impact on the risk of infection?

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia más actualizada sobre el cambio rutinario de instrumental y guantes quirúrgicos en cirugía abdominal, y su impacto en el riesgo de infecciones. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica, en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, y MEDLINE. Resultados: A la fecha, la evidencia sumamente escasa sobre el potencial impacto del cambio rutinario de instrumental y guantes quirúrgicos en cirugía abdominal, y su relación con la incidencia de infección en el sitio operatorio. Sin embargo, no deja de ser un tema de interés en cirugía global. El estudio ChEETAh, ensayo realizado en siete países de bajos y medianos ingresos, que evaluó el cambio rutinario tanto de guantes como de instrumental quirúrgico en cirugía abdominal y su relación con la infección, demostró que, la frecuencia de infección en sitio operatorio fue del 16% (n=931) en el grupo intervención, comparado a un 18,9% (n=1280) en el grupo control (RR 0,87; IC 95%: 0,79 ­ 0,95; p=0,0032). Así, podría existir cierta protección adicional con el cambio rutinario de guantes e instrumental en cirugía abdominal. Conclusión: Aunque la evidencia es limitada y heterogénea, existe una tendencia respecto a un potencial beneficio frente a la incidencia de infección en sitio operatorio, en el cambio rutinario de guantes e instrumental quirúrgico en cirugía abdominal(AU)

Objective: To analyze the most recent evidence regarding the routine change of surgical instruments and gloves in abdominal surgery and its impact on the risk of infections. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases. Results: To date, the evidence regarding the potential impact of routine changes in surgical instruments and gloves in abdominal surgery and their relationship with the incidence of surgical site infections is extremely scarce. Nevertheless, it remains a topic of interest in global surgery. The ChEETAh study, conducted in seven low and middle-income countries, which assessed the routine change of both gloves and surgical instruments in abdominal surgery and its relation to infection, demonstrated that the frequency of surgical site infection was 16% (n=931) in the intervention group compared to 18.9% (n=1280) in the control group (RR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79 ­ 0.95; p=0.0032). Thus, there may be some additional protection with the routine change of gloves and instruments in abdominal surgery. Conclusion: Although the evidence is limited and heterogeneous, there is a trend suggesting a potential benefit in reducing the incidence of surgical site infections through the routine change of gloves and surgical instruments in abdominal surgery(AU)

La cirugía como una sinfonía. Un proyecto para el trabajo en equipo y coordinado / Surgery as a symphony. A project for team and coordinated work

La seguridad del paciente es uno de los aspectos de mayor relevancia en la atención en un quirófano. El trabajo en equipo y coordinado, sumado al liderazgo, permite que los errores sean menos. Mantener un equipo estable en el quirófano, que conozca bien los procedimientos, y donde cada participante sabe el rol que juega, es uno de los factores más importantes para lograr un trabajo eficiente, con disminución de las complicaciones y del tiempo quirúrgico. Comparar el trabajo en el quirófano con una orquesta sinfónica, nos ayuda a entender la importancia del trabajo coordinado

Patient safety is one of the most important aspects of care in an operating room. Coordinated teamwork, coupled with leadership, allows mistakes to be fewer. Maintaining a stable team in the operating room, who knows the procedures well, and where each participant knows the role they play, is one of the most important factors to achieve efficient work, with a reduction in complications and surgical time. Comparing work in the operating room with a symphony orchestra helps us understand the importance of coordinated work

Treatment of 3 cases of nipple areola Ellman radiofrequency cutting combined with vitamin A / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To observe the efficacy and safety of Ellman radiofrequency cutting combined with Avia in the treatment of hyperkeratosis of nipple and areola.@*Methods@#Three patients treated from February 2015 to February 2016 were given radiofrequency curettage to remove hypertrophic keratinizing skin lesions. After surgery, avitrea capsules were given orally and externally.@*Results@#All 3 patients completed the treatment. Three months after the surgery, the original keratinizing plaques in the nipples and areola on both sides of the patients fell off, the skin became thinner, and the appearance and color of the nipples and areola completely returned to normal.Follow-up of 2-3 years showed no skin thickening and pigmentation, and no recurrence.@*Conclusions@#Ellman radiofrequency cutting combined with avia is a safe and effective treatment for hyperkeratosis of nipple and areola.

Implicações na qualidade do atendimento cirúrgico diante da não manutenção dos equipamentos hospitalares / Implications for the quality of surgical care through the non-maintenance of hospital equipment / Implicaciones para la calidad de la atención quirúrgica por medio del no mantenimiento de los equipos hospitalarios

Objetivo: Identificar as implicações da não manutenção dos equipamentos hospitalares na qualidade do atendimento cirúrgico. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, exploratória, descritiva, observacional, realizada em um hospital filantrópico do interior de Minas Gerais. Aplicou-se a técnica de observação direta e a avaliação de registros de manutenção preventiva e corretiva dos equipamentos cirúrgicos. Resultados: Durante o período de observação, verificou-se que os equipamentos que mais apresentaram falhas durante a cirurgia foram: bisturi elétrico, intensificador e foco cirúrgico. Os dados de funcionalidade e manutenção dos equipamentos foram comparados com recomendações do fabricante e com a literatura científica. Conclusão: A não manutenção dos equipamentos cirúrgicos pode prolongar a recuperação pós-operatória, aumentar a morbidade e a mortalidade e levar a um impacto financeiro desnecessário para a instituição. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo possam motivar a equipe multiprofissional à realização da manutenção preventiva dos equipamentos antes das cirurgias.

Objective: To identify the implications of non-maintenance of hospital equipment for the quality of surgical care. Method: This is a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, observational study carried out at a philanthropic hospital in the countryside of Minas Gerais. The technique of direct observation was applied, as well as the evaluation of records related to preventive and corrective maintenance of surgical equipment. Results: During the observation period, the equipment presenting most failures during surgical procedures were: electric scalpel, intensifier, and surgical focus. Equipment functionality and maintenance data were compared with manufacturers' recommendations and the scientific literature. Conclusion: Failure in surgical equipment maintenance can prolong patients' postoperative recovery, increase morbidity and mortality, and lead to unnecessary financial impact for the institution. It is hoped that the results of this study motivate the multiprofessional team to perform preventive maintenance of equipment before surgeries.

Objetivo: Identificar las implicaciones del no mantenimiento de los equipos hospitalarios en la calidad de la atención quirúrgica. Método: Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo, exploratorio y cuantitativo realizado en un hospital filantrópico del interior de Minas Gerais. Se aplicó la técnica de observación directa y la evaluación de registros de mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo de los equipos quirúrgicos. Resultados: Durante el período de observación, se verificó que los equipos que presentaron el mayor número de fallas durante la cirugía fueron: bisturí eléctrico, intensificador y foco quirúrgico. La funcionalidad del equipo y los datos de mantenimiento se compararon con las recomendaciones del fabricante y la literatura científica. Conclusión: La falta de mantenimiento del equipo quirúrgico puede prolongar la recuperación postoperatoria, aumentar la morbilidad y la mortalidad y generar un impacto financiero innecesario para la institución. Se espera que los resultados de este estudio motiven al equipo multiprofesional a realizar el mantenimiento preventivo del equipo antes de las cirugías

Armazenar tubos de silicone antes do empacotamento impede a esterilização? / ¿Almacenar tubos de silicona antes del empaque impide la esterilización? / Does storage of silicone tubes prior to packaging prevent sterilization?

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar a carga microbiana de tubos de silicone imediatamente após a limpeza e em diferentes intervalos de armazenamento. Métodos: Estudo experimental que analisou tubos de silicone oriundos da assistência ao paciente cirúrgico. Foi conduzido após aprovação do Comitê de Ética (protocolo n° 1.277.077), no período de setembro a novembro de 2015, com tubos oriundos do Centro de Material e Esterilização (CME) de um hospital geral de grande porte da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os tubos foram segmentados: extremidade 01, 02 e meio e novamente segmentados, conforme intervalos de tempo preestabelecidos em zero, 12 e 24 horas. Os fragmentos foram preenchidos com água estéril, vedados e submetidos a cinco minutos de sonicação. A água foi filtrada em Millipore 0,45 µm e as membranas incubadas a 35°C por 24 horas em ágar nutriente. As membranas foram removidas e dispostas em tubos de ensaio, contendo 1mL de solução salina, que foram agitadas por cinco minutos e submetidos a técnica de alça calibrada. Resultados: Houve aumento da carga microbiana na ordem de uma grandeza na escala logarítmica a cada 12 horas (p<0,05), nas condições de limpeza e armazenamento proporcionados pela instituição, nos grupos experimental e controle positivo, e não houve diferença quando comparados o meio e extremidades dos tubos de silicone (p>0,05) nos períodos zero, 12 e 24 horas. Conclusão: A depender da carga microbiana inicial, o aumento da ordem uma grandeza pode resultar no insucesso da esterilização, achados que ratificam a não permanência de PPS na área limpa aguardando o processamento.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la carga microbiana de tubos de silicona inmediatamente después de su limpieza e en diferentes intervalos de almacenamiento. Métodos: Estudio experimental en el que se analizaron tubos de silicona propios de la asistencia al paciente quirúrgico, en el período de septiembre a noviembre de 2015. Los tubos provenían del Centro de Material y Esterilización (CME) de un hospital general de gran tamaño de la región Centro-Oeste de Brasil. Los tubos fueron segmentados así: extremo 01, 02 y medio y nuevamente segmentados según intervalos de tiempo preestablecidos en cero, 12 y 24 horas. Los fragmentos se llenaron con agua estéril, fueron sellados y sometidos a cinco minutos de sonicación. El agua fue filtrada en Millipore 0,45 μm y las membranas incubadas a 35°C por 24 horas en agar nutriente. Las membranas fueron removidas y dispuestas en tubos de ensayo que contenían 1mL de solución salina, fueron agitados durante cinco minutos y sometidos a técnica de alza calibrada Resultados: Se observó un aumento de la carga microbiana en el orden de una magnitud en la escala logarítmica cada 12 horas (p <0,05), en las condiciones de limpieza y almacenamiento proporcionadas por la institución, en los grupos experimental y de control positivo. No hubo diferencia cuando se compararon el medio y los extremos de los tubos de silicona (p> 0,05) en los períodos cero, 12 y 24 horas. Conclusión: Dependiendo de la carga microbiana inicial, el aumento del orden de una magnitud puede resultar en el fracaso de la esterilización. Estos hallazgos ratifican la no permanencia de PPS en el área limpia mientras se aguarda el procesamiento.

Abstract Objective: To determine the microbial load of silicone tubes, immediately after cleaning, and at different storage intervals. Methods: Experimental study that analyzed silicone tubes from surgical patient care, conducted after approval by the Ethics Committee (protocol no. 1,277,077), from September to November of 2015, with tubes from the Central Processing Department (CPD) of a large general hospital in the West Central region of Brazil. The tubes were segmented (end 1 and 2, and the middle) and were then segmented again, according to established time intervals (zero, 12, and 24 hours). The fragments were filled with sterile water, sealed, and exposed to five minutes of sonication. The water was filtered via 0.45μm Millipore, and the membranes were incubated at 35°C for 24 hours, on nutrient agar. The membranes were removed and placed in test tubes containing 1mL of saline, which were mixed for five minutes, and subjected to a calibrated loop technique. Results: An increase in microbial load was identified, in the order of a logarithmic magnitude every 12 hours (p<0.05), in the cleaning and storage conditions provided by the institution, in the experimental and positive control groups, and no difference was identified when comparing the middle and ends of the silicone tubes (p> 0.05) at periods zero, 12, and 24 hours. Conclusion: Depending on the initial microbial load, an increase in the order of magnitude can result in sterilization failure, which corroborates the need to not maintain healthcare products in the storage place while awaiting processing.

Cirurgia abdominal de alta complexidade: classificação e escolha dos equipamentos pela equipe multiprofissional / High-complexity abdominal surgery: classification and choice of equipment by the multi-professional team / Cirugía abdominal de alta complejidad: clasificación y elección del equipo quirúrgico por el equipo multiprofesional

Introdução: Os procedimentos de alta complexidade são caracterizados pelo uso da alta tecnologia. A classificação e a escolha dos equipamentos são um desafio para os profissionais envolvidos. Objetivo: Comparar a classificação das cirurgias abdominais de alta complexidade e a escolha dos equipamentos pela equipe multiprofissional entre duas instituições hospitalares. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, transversal e comparativa, com questionários estruturados sobre a opinião dos cirurgiões, anestesiologistas e enfermeiros. Resultado: A classificação dos procedimentos é semelhante quando levados em conta equipamentos (P<1,0) e estrutura física (P=0,172) diferenciados. Discussão: A classificação dos procedimentos mais complexos tem concordância entre os profissionais comparado à legislação, mesmo não englobando o porte anestésico, tipo de procedimento e condições clínicas na sua classificação; a escolha dos equipamentos é do profissional que os utiliza, incluindo amplas salas de operações, sendo a cirurgia robótica dispensável aos cirurgiões. Conclusão: Há diferenças entre instituições de saúde em relação à escolha, à disponibilidade de equipamentos e aos tipos de cirurgias abdominais.

Introduction: High-complexity procedures are characterized by the use of high-technology. The classification and choice of equipment are challenging for the professionals involved. Objective: To compare the classification of high-complexity abdominal surgeries and the choice of equipment by the multi-professional team between two hospital institutions. Method: Descriptive, quantitative, transversal and comparative research, with structured questionnaires on the opinion of surgeons, anesthesiologists and nurses. Results: The classification of procedures is similar when considering differentiated equipment (P<1.0) and physical structure (P=0.172). Discussion: The classification of more complex procedures is in agreement between professionals when compared to the legislation, even if not encompassing anesthetic dimensions, type of procedure or clinical conditions in their classification; the equipment is chosen by the professional who uses them, including operating rooms, with robotic surgeries being expendable to surgeons. Conclusion: There are differences between the choices made by health institutions, the availability of equipment and the types of abdominal surgeries.

Introducción: procedimientos de alta complejidad se caracterizan por el uso de alta tecnología. La clasificación y elección de los equipos son un desafío para los profesionales. Objetivo: comparar la clasificación de cirugías abdominales de alta complejidad y la elección del equipo por parte del equipo multiprofesional entre dos instituciones hospitalarias. Método: investigación descriptiva, cuantitativa, transversal y comparativa, con cuestionarios estructurados sobre la opinión de cirujanos, anestesiólogos y enfermeras. Resultados: la clasificación de los procedimientos es similar cuando se consideran equipos diferenciados (P<1,0) y estructura física (P=0,172). Discusión: la clasificación de procedimientos más complejos está de acuerdo entre los profesionales en comparación con la legislación, incluso si no abarca dimensiones anestésicas, tipo de procedimiento o condiciones clínicas en su clasificación; el equipo es elegido por el profesional que los utiliza, incluidos los quirófanos, y las cirugías robóticas son dispensables para los cirujanos. Conclusión: hay diferencias entre las elecciones realizadas por las instituciones de salud, la disponibilidad de equipos y los tipos de cirugías abdominales.

Current status of minimally invasive surgery for treatment of renal stones and tumors using a flexible ureteroscopy

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has been accepted as the first-line option for surgical treatment of upper urinary tract pathologies including stones and tumors. With the development of surgical instruments with improved deflection mechanisms, visualization, and durability, RIRS has taken on an expanding role in treating urinary calculi located in the upper urinary tract, as it compensates for the shortcomings of shockwave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. RIRS can also be considered a conservative treatment option for upper urinary tract urothelial cancer or as a means of intensive postoperative surveillance after radical treatment of urinary tract urothelial cancer. RIRS has a steep learning curve and various surgical techniques can be utilized during operations. The use of particular surgical instruments should take into consideration of the gain in surgical efficiency, decrease in complications, and cost-benefit tradeoff.

Reprocessamento de produtos para saúde: análise da qualidade sanitária em hospitais públicos / Reprocesamiento de productos para la salud: análisis de la cualidad sanitaria in hospitales públicos / Reprocessing of medical devices: sanitary quality analysis in public hospitals

Objetivo: Analisar as condições técnicas do reprocessamento de produtos médicos, tendo em vista a qualidade e segurança sanitária da população usuária de produtos reprocessados. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa de estudo de casos múltiplos. Participaram os Centros de Material e Esterilização de dez hospitais públicos da Bahia. Foram estudadas cinco variáveis independentes que influenciam as condições do reprocessamento de produtos médicos. Adicionalmente, cada variável foi analisada em três níveis de avaliação de qualidade. Resultados: Evidenciou-se uma generalizada inadequação de todas as variáveis estudadas. Dos dez casos pesquisados, nenhum apresentou condições técnicas adequadas de reprocessamento de produtos médicos. Conclusão: Conclui-se com esses dados que os hospitais deste estudo possuem práticas de reprocessamento inadequadas, apontando possíveis problemas para o cuidado assistencial e para os órgãos fiscalizadores.

Objetivo: Analizar las condiciones técnicas para el reprocesamiento de productos médicos, bajo el óptica de la calidad de servicio y de la seguridad sanitaria entre os usuarios de esos artefactos reprocesados. Métodos: En la investigación se presenta una evaluación en base a múltiples estudios de caso realizados en las unidades de reprocesamiento de diez hospitales públicos del Estado de Bahia, Brasil. El análisis está referido a cinco variables independientes que afectan las condiciones para el reprocesamiento de productos médicos. Se consideró cada una de las cinco variables en tres niveles de calidad. Resultados: Se identificaron inadecuaciones presentes en todos los casos, de manera que ningún de los diez casos observados presentó las condiciones técnicas indicadas para el reprocesamiento de productos médicos. Conclusión: En base a esa evidencia, concluimos que los hospitales considerados en el presente estudio adoptan prácticas inadecuadas en el reprocesamiento, lo que presenta un reto para el cuidado hospitalario y para los órganos fiscalizadores.

Objective: To analyze the technical conditions for reprocessing of medical products, in the light of service quality and sanitary safety among the users of reprocessed items. Methods: The study presents an evaluation based on multiple case studies collected in the reprocessing facilities of ten public hospitals in the State of Bahia, Brazil. The analysis is referred to five independent variables that influence conditions for reprocessing of medical products. Each of these five variables was considered in three rating levels of quality. Results: Considerable inadequacies were observed for all variables, so that none of the ten observed cases showed adequate technical conditions for reprocessing medical products. Conclusions: We conclude, therefore, that the hospitals considered in this study adopt inadequate practices for reprocessing, which is a problem for hospital care and the regulatory agencies.

Current status of flexible ureteroscopy in urology

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is being performed for the surgical management of upper urinary tract pathology. With the development of surgical instruments with improved deflection mechanisms, visuality, and durability, the role of RIRS has expanded to the treatment of urinary calculi located in the upper urinary tract, which compensates for the shortcomings of shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. RIRS can be considered a conservative treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) or for postoperative surveillance after radical treatment of UTUC under an intensive surveillance program. RIRS has a steep learning curve and various surgical techniques can be used. The choice of instruments during RIRS should be based on increased surgical efficiency, decreased complications, and improved cost-benefit ratio.

Microinfusão de medicamentos na pele através de máquina de tatuagem / Microinfusion of drugs into the skin with tattoo equipment

Tatuagem é o resultado da introdução de pigmentos na pele ou em mucosas. Pigmentos são substâncias químicas que se comportam como marcadores ópticos. Sua visualização por transparência epitelial é prova incontestável de que a perfusão cutânea através de microperfurações é procedimento eficaz. Escolheu-se esse método para infundir sulfato de bleomicina em duas pacientes portadoras de lesões queloideanas utilizando os equipamentos e consumíveis empregados por tatuadores profissionais, com adaptações para uso dermatológico de forma asséptica e racional.

A tattoo results from the introduction of pigments into the skin or mucous membranes. Pigments are chemical substances that behave like optical markers. Their visibility (through epithelial transparency) is undeniable proof that cutaneous perfusion with micro-perforations is an effective procedure. This method was used to infuse Bleomycin sulfate in two patients bearing keloid lesions, employing the same equipment and components used by professional tattoo artists, with adaptations for dermatological use, and strictly observing aseptical and rational requirements

Retroperitoneal laparoendoscopic single-site donor nephrectomy using home-made single-port device:report of 11 cases / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of retroperitoneal laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) donor nephrectomy using home-made single-port device.Methods From January 2011 to June 2012,11 consecutive LESS left donor nephrectomies using home-made single-port device with conventional laparoscopic instrument were performed through retroperitoneal access in our center.Results The procedures were completed and no complications occurred in all donors.Mean operative time was 149.5 min.Estimated blood loss was 30-350 ml.Warm ischemia time was 2-4 min.The urine output was prompt in all cases.Recipient graft function was normal within 2 weeks.Donor hospital stay was 5-6 days after operation.Conclusion LESS donor nephrectomy using home-made single-port device in our initial experience is feasible and safe.It is also cost-effective and minimally invasive with conventional laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.This technique is a good option for living donor nephrectomy.

Safety Analysis and Measurement of High-frequency Surgical Equipment / 医疗卫生装备

High-frequency surgical equipment electrical safety is analyzed based on safety testing standards for GB9706.4,and high-frequency leakage current of GD350-Btype high-frequency surgical equipment is tested by QA-ES.The safety of high-frequency surgical equipment is discussed.