Tarea Vida en la Educación Física desde el Deporte para Todos

El crecimiento y desarrollo de las colectividades humanas, han dado lugar a la aparición de los llamados problemas ambientales que influyen sobre los recursos naturales y en la salud del hombre. En este artículo, se reflejó la realidad encontrada en el trabajo con la Tarea Vida desde el segundo ciclo de la escuela primaria "Rolando Morales Sanabria" del municipio Cifuentes, etapa vital en la formación de las nuevas generaciones para la conservación del entorno, el mantenimiento de los valores éticos y morales de un proyecto social con un fundamento humanista. Atendiendo a estas concepciones, se planteó como objetivo caracterizar el trabajo con la Tarea Vida desde el Deporte para Todos como parte de la Educación Física, en el contexto antes descrito. Este trabajo se realizó con la ayuda de métodos y técnicas como la revisión de documentos, la observación, la encuesta y la entrevista. Los resultados revelan insuficiencias en este trabajo, desde la falta de consulta a documentos oficiales, precisiones y normativas, transitando por la pobre intencionalidad, hasta llegar a la falta de interiorización y realización de actividades en este sentido. Como conclusiones se determinaron los fundamentos para el desarrollo del trabajo con la Tarea Vida en el contexto seleccionado, quedó caracterizado el estado actual, donde destacó la utilización casual e irracional de espacios deportivos, mal aprovechamiento de potencialidades del contexto, poco intencionado y limitado conocimiento de la Tarea Vida, así como el no aprovechamiento de la voluntad, deseo y disposición de los alumnos para realizar actividades físico-recreativas relacionadas con esta.

O crescimento e o desenvolvimento das comunidades humanas deram origem ao surgimento dos chamados problemas ambientais que influenciam os recursos naturais e a saúde humana. Neste artigo, refletiu-se a realidade encontrada no trabalho com a Tarefa de Vida a partir do segundo ciclo da escola primária "Rolando Morales Sanabria" do município de Cifuentes, etapa vital na formação das novas gerações para a conservação do meio ambiente, a manutenção dos valores éticos e morais de um projeto social de base humanista. Levando em conta esses conceitos, objetivou-se caracterizar o trabalho com a Tarefa de Vida do Esporte para Todos no âmbito da Educação Física, no contexto descrito acima. Este trabalho foi realizado com o auxílio de métodos e técnicas como revisão de documentos, observação, levantamento e entrevista. Os resultados revelam insuficiências neste trabalho, desde a falta de consulta a documentos oficiais, esclarecimentos e regulamentos, passando pela má intencionalidade, até à falta de internalização e realização de atividades nesse sentido. Como conclusões foram determinados os fundamentos para o desenvolvimento do trabalho com a tarefa de vida no contexto selecionado, caracterizou-se o estado atual, onde se destacou o uso casual e irracional dos espaços desportivos, mau aproveitamento das potencialidades do contexto, pouca intenção e conhecimento limitado da Tarefa de Vida, bem como o não aproveitamento da vontade, desejo e disposição dos alunos para a realização de atividades físico-recreativas a ela relacionadas.

The growth and development of human communities have given rise to the emergence of so-called environmental problems that influence natural resources and human health. In this presentation, it is reflected the reality found in the work with the Life Task from the second cycle of the "Rolando Morales Sanabria" primary school in the Cifuentes municipality, a vital stage in the training of new generations for the conservation of the environment, the maintenance of ethical and moral values of a social project with a humanist foundation. Taking into account these concepts, the objective was to characterize the work with the Life Task from Sports for All as part of Physical Education, in the context described above. This work was carried out with the help of methods and techniques such as document review, observation, survey and interview. The results reveal insufficiencies in this work, from the lack of consultation of official documents, clarifications and regulations, through poor intentionality, to the lack of internalization and carrying out activities in this sense. As conclusions, the foundations for the development of work with the Life Task in the selected context were determined, the current state was characterized, where the casual and irrational use of sports spaces, poor use of the potential of the context, little intention and limited knowledge of the Life Task, as well as the failure to take advantage of the will, desire and disposition of the students to carry out physical-recreational activities related to it stood out.

Effect of multi-target transcranial direct current stimulation on performance of working memory-postural control dual-task in healthy adults / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of multi-target transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and single-target tDCS on the performance of working memory-postural control dual-task in healthy adults, and to compare the regulatory effect of the two stimulation protocols. MethodsFrom November, 2020 to February, 2021, 19 healthy adults in Shanghai University of Sport were recruited and randomly accepted multi-target tDCS, single-target tDCS and sham stimulation with at least one week interval between any two stimulation protocols. The target areas of multi-target tDCS included left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) and bilateral primary motor cortex (M1), and single-tDCS only applied to L-DLPFC. Before and after stimulation, participants completed walking and standing balance tests under single task and dual-task conditions with the second task being a N-back task. The dual-task postural control performance, dual-task cost (DTC) and working memory performance were observed before and after stimulation. ResultsSignificant differences were observed among three stimulation protocols in the changes of stride variability (F = 3.792, P = 0.029), DTC of stride variability (F = 3.412, P = 0.040) and velocity of center of pressure (Vcop) (F = 3.815, P = 0.029). The stride variability (P = 0.047) and Vcop (P = 0.015) were significantly lower and the decrease in DTC of stride variability tended to be significant (P = 0.073) following multi-target tDCS, as compared to sham stimulation. Single-target tDCS significantly decreased the changes of stride variability (P = 0.011), DTC of stride variability (P = 0.014) and Vcop (P = 0.025), as compared to sham stimulation. Compared with single target tDCS, multi-target tDCS reduced the changes of the dual-task cost of the area of center of pressure (P = 0.035). Moreover, no significant difference was observed among the three stimulation protocols in the changes of each measure in the working memory test (P > 0.05). ConclusionBoth multi-target tDCS and single-target tDCS can improve the performance of working memory-postural control dual-task in healthy adults, and compared with single-target tDCS, multi-target tDCS has some advantages in regulating postural control.

Ethics and organizational performance before and during COVID-19 in Mexican hospitals within urban areas / Ética y desempeño organizacional antes y durante COVID-19 en hospitales mexicanos dentro de áreas urbanas

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the differences in the perception of ethical decision making, organizational ethical climate, and organizational performance, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by some health professionals in public and private hospitals in urban areas in Mexico. Materials and Method: 68 health professionals answered a survey using the snowball sampling technique. This digital structured survey evaluated the demographic characteristics of respondents and 3 dimensions (constructs) divided in 53 items: ethical decision making, organizational ethical climate, and organizational performance, before the COVID-19 pandemic (year 2019) and during the pandemic (year 2020-2021). To compare the differences of the dimensions before and during COVID-19, the t-test was carried out for dependent samples. Results: In the ethical decision making and organizational ethical climate dimensions, there were no statistically significant differences in the averages before and during the pandemic. In relation to the organizational performance there is a statistically significant difference in the averages before and during the pandemic, with a decrease in performance. Conclusions: This research contributes to literature on healthcare service management suggesting to acknowledge that, in an adverse environment, the decision making process based on ethics and an ethical climate should be maintained in the organizations to avoid a more dramatic fall in performance.

Resumen Objetivo: El propósito de este artículo es analizar las diferencias en la percepción de la toma de decisiones éticas, clima ético organizacional y desempeño organizacional, antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19, en algunos profesionales de la salud de hospitales públicos y privados del área urbana de México. Materiales y Métodos: 68 profesionales de la salud respondieron una encuesta utilizando la técnica de muestreo de bola de nieve. Esta encuesta estructurada digital evaluó las características demográficas de los encuestados y 3 dimensiones (constructos) divididas en 53 ítems: toma de decisiones éticas, clima ético organizacional y desempeño organizacional, antes de la pandemia de COVID-19 (año 2019) y durante la pandemia (año 2020-2021). Para comparar las diferencias de las dimensiones antes y durante el COVID-19, se realizó la prueba t para muestras dependientes. Resultados: En las dimensiones toma de decisiones éticas y clima ético organizacional, no se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los promedios antes y durante la pandemia. En relación al desempeño organizacional existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los promedios antes y durante la pandemia, con una disminución en el desempeño. Conclusiones: Esta investigación contribuye a la literatura acerca de la gestión de servicios de salud sugiriendo que, en un entorno adverso, la toma de decisiones basada en la ética y un clima ético deben mantenerse en las organizaciones para evitar una caída más dramática en el desempeño.

Multitasking in postanesthesia care unit following nurse interruptions, an analysis of the causes and consequences using classification tree: an observational prospective study

Abstract Background: Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU) is an environment associated with an important workload which is susceptible to lead to task interruption (TI), leading to task-switching or concurrent multitasking. The objective of the study was to determine the predictors of the reaction of the nurses facing TI and assess those who lead to an alteration of the initial task. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study into the PACU of a university hospital during February 2017. Among 18 nurses, a selected one was observed each day, documenting for each TI the reaction of the nurse (task switching or concurrent multitasking), and the characteristics associated with the TI. We performed classification tree analyses using C5.0 algorithm in order to select the main predictors of the type of multitasking performed and the alteration of the initial task. Results: We observed 1119 TI during 132 hours (8.5 TI/hour). The main reaction was concurrent multitasking (805 TI, 72%). The short duration of the task interruption (one minute or less) was the most important predictor leading to concurrent multitasking. Other predictors of response to TI were the identity of the task interrupter and the number of nurses present. Regarding the consequences of the task switching, long interruption (more than five minutes) was the most important predictor of the alteration of the initial task. Conclusions: By analysing the predictors of the type of multitasking in front of TI, we propose a novel approach to understanding TI, offering new perspective for prevention strategies.

Principales dificultades de los proyectos de investigación de la especialidad Medicina General Integral / Main Difficulties of Research Projects of the General Comprehensive Medicine Specialty

Introducción: El residente de Medicina General Integral, una vez graduado, ejecutará investigaciones en correspondencia con las necesidades actuales del Sistema Nacional de Salud y a partir de los problemas de salud predominantes en su comunidad. Objetivo: Describir las principales dificultades en los proyectos de investigación de los residentes de la Especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Sagua la Grande en el período 2020-2021. La población objeto de análisis quedó constituida por un total de 69 proyectos de investigación provenientes de 5 policlínicos docentes de 3 municipios del territorio (Corralillo, Quemado de Güines y Sagua la Grande). Se revisó el proyecto de investigación, se confeccionó un modelo para la recogida de datos extraídos de los mismos y se elaboró una base de datos para su almacenamiento. Resultados: Las principales dificultades estuvieron dadas en no sustentar adecuadamente la investigación, en la redacción del problema científico, específicamente la relación entre el problema y el tipo de investigación, la conceptualización y/o operacionalización de las variables, la selección y elaboración de los métodos, técnicas e instrumentos para la recogida de la información y la acotación de la bibliografía por normas de Vancouver. Conclusiones: Resulta de vital importancia que los residentes de esta especialidad desarrollen habilidades investigativas desde el primer año de formación, lo que contribuirá a un mejor desempeño profesional a partir de la aplicación del método científico en la solución de los problemas de salud que se presenten en su quehacer diario(AU)

Introduction: The family medicine resident, once graduated, will do research in correspondence with the current needs of the national health system and considering the predominant health problems in her/his community. Objective: To describe the main difficulties in the research projects of residents in the General Comprehensive Medicine specialty. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was carried out in the medical school of Sagua la Grande Municipality, in the period 2020-2021. The population under analysis consisted of a total of 69 research projects from five teaching polyclinics in three municipalities of the territory (Corralillo, Quemado de Güines and Sagua la Grande). Each research project was reviewed, a model was prepared for collecting the data extracted from them, and a database was elaborated for their storage. Results: The main difficulties were not supporting the research adequately, as well as in writing the scientific problem, specifically the relation between the problem and the type of research; also, the conceptualization or operationalization of variables, the selection and elaboration of methods, the techniques and instruments for the collection of information, and the bibliographical adjustment by the Vancouver norms. Conclusions: It is of vital importance that residents of this specialty develop research skills from the first year of training, which will contribute to better professional performance from the application of the scientific method in the solution of health problems that appear in their daily work(AU)

Task-based learning of personal drug concept using multi-attributive utility analysis: An evaluation of outcome

Background: P drugs are preferred or priority or personal choice drugs of the prescriber for a disease which should be prepared by the doctor. Aims and Objectives: This study was done to describe the process of P drug selection done in the task-based learning (TBL) group. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study done in the Department of Pharmacology of a Government Medical College in Central Kerala for a period of 2 months (June 1, 2018, to July 31, 2018) after receiving clearance from the Institutional Review Board. Participants who performed task-based learning of P drug concept were assessed for the proper completion of various steps in P drug selection. Results: All the participants could write the proper diagnosis and therapeutic objectives in the task sheet for case scenario related to absence seizure, angina, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, grand mal epilepsy, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. The weights assigned for efficacy, safety, cost, and suitability varied with each student, however, the most common weights were 0.4, 0.4, 0.1, and 0.1. The weights assigned amongst the eight clinical scenarios were found to differ with P < 0.001 for efficacy, safety, cost, and suitability on doing Kruskal–Wallis test. On doing one-way analysis of variance for group score F = 21.02 and drug score F = 20.91, both were found to differ significantly across the conditions with P < 0.001. The selected P drug was improperly prescribed across the clinical conditions except for that of bronchial asthma. Conclusion: TBL using multi-attributive analysis for P drug selection ensured considering various factors during its selection process for P drug selection.

A Sentence Repetition Task in Spanish language: a valid tool for early language assessment

ABSTRACT Purpose Sentence Repetition Tasks (SRT) have been widely used to assess early language abilities in different languages and populations. In addition, it has been proved that performance in SRTs serve as a clinical marker to detect language difficulties. However, most of the research has been conducted in English language and with children older than 4 years of age. Despite this scarcity, [1] developed a SRT for monolingual Spanish-speaking children between 2 and 4 years of age. Initial findings showed that it is a useful tool for discriminating children with different linguistic levels. In addition, the task showed concurrent validity with a nonword repetition task. In the current study we want to explore the predictive validity of this task. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study including 20 monolingual Spanish-Speaking children who were tested twice, at 33 months of age and six months later. In addition to the SRT, participants completed a nonword repetition task [2] and the Spanish version of the Merrill-Palmer-R Developmental Scales [3]. Results showed strong and positive relationships between the different tests when first assessed. We also found strong and predictive relationships between the SRT at time 1 and SRT and the Merrill-Palmer-R at time 2. Conclusion We conclude that the SRT developed [1] is a valid tool for examining early language abilities and its changes over time.

Clustering e Switching nos testes de fluência verbal em crianças do ensino fundamental I com e sem dificuldade de aprendizagem / Clustering and Switching on verbal fluency tests in elementary school children with and without learning difficulties

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho nos testes de Fluência Verbal Semântica e Fonêmica em relação aos componentes cognitivos de clustering e switching e explorar as mudanças no desenvolvimento no ensino fundamental. Método Participaram 68 crianças do 2º ao 5º ano do ensino fundamental I de uma escola pública do município de Santo André, divididas em dois grupos, Dificuldade de Aprendizagem (DA) e Desenvolvimento Típico (DT). Resultados Os testes de Fluência Verbal foram comparados para o número de clusters, tamanho médio dos clusters e número de switches. Todas as variáveis comparadas mostraram uma pontuação estatisticamente significante maior para o teste de Fluência Verbal Semântica. Foram realizadas as médias e desvios-padrão das mesmas variáveis para efeito de ano e grupo em ambos os testes. Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante apenas para o número total de clusters no teste de Fluência Verbal Semântica para efeito de grupo, com o melhor desempenho do grupo DT. Observou-se correlação alta no total de acertos em ambos os testes de Fluência Verbal com o número total de clusters e número de switches. Além disso, foi observada correlação entre o total de acertos com a média de tamanho dos clusters apenas no teste de Fluência Verbal Fonêmica. A análise de regressão linear apresentou maior variância para o número total de clusters, o tornando mais preditivo para o desempenho em ambos testes de Fluência Verbal. Conclusão Os testes de Fluência Verbal podem ser sensíveis e preditivos para a identificação de possíveis diferenças no desempenho escolar associados à leitura.

ABSTRACT Purpose Evaluate the performance in the Semantic and Phonemic Verbal Fluency tests in relation to the cognitive components of clustering and switching and explore the changes in development in elementary school. Methods Participants were 68 children from the 2nd to 5th grade of elementary school of a public school in the municipality of Santo André, divided into two groups, Learning Difficulty (LD) and Typical Development (TD). Results The Verbal Fluency tests were compared for the number of clusters, mean size of the clusters, and number of switches. All variables compared showed a statistically significant higher score for Semantic Verbal Fluency. Means and standard deviations of the same variables for year and group effect were realized in both Verbal Fluency tests. A statistically significant difference was observed only for the total number of clusters in the Semantic Verbal Fluency test for group effect, with the best performance of the TD group. A high correlation was observed between the total number of correct answers with the total number of clusters and number of switches in both Verbal Fluency tests. In addition, a correlation was observed between the total number of correct answers and the mean size of the clusters only in the Phonemic Verbal Fluency. Linear regression analysis showed greater variance for the total number of clusters, making it more predictable for performance in both verbal fluency tests. Conclusion Verbal Fluency tests may be sensitive and predictive for the identification of possible differences in school performance associated with reading.

Mental toughness and physical fitness tests of boxing athletes associated with big five personality factors / Testes de resistência mental e aptidão física de atletas de boxe associados aos cinco grandes fatores de personalidade

ABSTRACT The present study related to boxing athletes' mental toughness and physical fitness performances with Big Five Factors. For this, the sample was composed of eleven recreational boxers who competed at the state level and were regularly training (technical and tactical) 4 times a week during the evaluation period. The 44-item Big Five Inventory (BFI) measures the Big Five dimensions of Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion and the 14-item Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) were applied with Strength, Power, and Endurance Tests, Pearson and Spearman's correlations were used to verify the association between BFI, physical and mental tests, respectively, p≤.05. Our results demonstrated that significant and strong correlation between agreeableness factor and sit-ups test, with 40.85±12.36 freq./min (r=.72, p=.02) and, in SMTQ, a strong correlation between Neuroticism and Control [10(9;12) score, r=.76, p≤0.01], Constancy [10(9;12) score, r=.84, p≤0.01] and Total SMQT [37(34;37) score, r=.84, p≤0.01]. In conclusion, these results suggest that Neuroticism factors are associated with mental toughness, while the agreeableness factor is related to muscular endurance capability. Mental toughness and endurance results are associated with boxers' personalities whose drive motivates them relentlessly towards success and promotes thriving in boxing training environments or during championships.

RESUMO O presente estudo relacionou a resistência mental e o desempenho da aptidão física de atletas de boxe com os cinco grandes fatores. Para isso, compuseram o presente estudo onze boxeadores recreativos que competiram em nível estadual e estavam treinando regularmente (técnico e tático) 4 vezes por semana durante o período de avaliação. O Big Five Inventory (BFI) de 44 itens mede as dimensões de Conscienciosidade, Amabilidade, Neuroticismo, Abertura e Extroversão e o Questionário de Resistência Mental Esportiva (SMTQ) de 14 itens foram aplicados com Testes de Força, Potência e Resistência, Pearson e as correlações de Spearman foram utilizadas para verificar a associação entre IMC, testes físicos e mentais, respectivamente, p≤0.05. Nossos resultados demonstraram correlação significativa e forte entre o fator de amabilidade e o teste de abdominais, com 40,9±12,4 freq./min (r=0,72, p=0,02) e, no SMTQ, uma forte correlação entre Neuroticismo e Controle [10 (9;12) pontuação, r=0.76, p≤0,01], Constância [10(9;12) pontuação, r=0.84, p≤0,001] e total SMQT [37(34;37) pontuação, r= 0.84, p≤0,001]. Em conclusão, esses resultados sugerem que os fatores de neuroticismo estão associados à resistência mental, enquanto o fator de amabilidade está associado à capacidade de resistência muscular. Os resultados de resistência mental e resistência estão associados à personalidade dos boxeadores, cuja motivação os impulsiona implacavelmente para o sucesso e promove o sucesso em ambientes de treinamento de boxe ou durante campeonatos.

Evaluación del nivel de independencia para la realización de actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria en una comunidad de personas vulnerables / Avaliação do nível de independência nas atividades instrumentais de vida diária numa comunidade em vulnerabilidade / Evaluation of the level of independence for the performance of instrumental activities of daily living in a community of vulnerable people

Resumen Introducción Los cambios o deficiencias estructurales y/o funcionales que presentan las personas con discapacidad pueden limitar o comprometer su interacción, para la realización o el cumplimiento de actividades personales o sociales, convirtiéndolas entonces en personas vulnerables. Para la evaluación, el terapeuta ocupacional debe valorar varios factores que pueden ser considerados como riesgo de mayor vulnerabilidad como: edad, género, nivel educacional, condiciones económicas, ocupación, condición física o mental y presencia de comorbilidades entre otras. Objetivo Evaluar nivel de independencia para la realización de actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (AIVD) en individuos pertenecientes a una comunidad de personas vulnerables. Método Se aplicó el Índice de Lawton y Brody en adultos y adultos mayores, que tenían o referían algún tipo de discapacidad, recolectando además una serie de datos que fueron procesados y analizados en la plantilla de cálculo en Microsoft Excel 2020®. Resultados El 74,2% mostró un elevado nivel de dependencia para desarrollar las AIVD, con predominio en adultos. El 70,7% poseían carné o certificado de discapacidad, con una correlación negativa moderada entre el porcentaje de gravedad y el nivel de independencia. La artritis reumatoidea fue la enfermedad que con mayor frecuencia estuvo vinculada a la perdida de la independencia. Conclusión Resulta posible detectar tempranamente el nivel de dependencia y la presencia de discapacidad, mediante la aplicación del Índice de Lawton y Brody, determinando limitaciones funcionales para realizar AIVD en una comunidad de personas vulnerables.

Resumo Introdução As mudanças estruturais e/ou funcionais que as pessoas com deficiências apresentam podem limitar ou comprometer sua interação para o desempenho ou realização de atividades pessoais ou sociais, tornando-as assim vulneráveis. Para avaliação, o terapeuta ocupacional deve avaliar vários fatores que podem ser considerados como um risco de maior vulnerabilidade, tais como: idade, sexo, nível educacional, condições econômicas, ocupação, condição física ou mental e presença de comorbidades, entre outros. Objetivo Avaliar o nível de independência na realização de atividades instrumentais de vida diária (IADLs) em indivíduos pertencentes a uma comunidade de pessoas vulneráveis. Método O Lawton e Brody Index foi aplicado a adultos e pessoas mais velhas que tinham ou relataram algum tipo de deficiência, coletando uma série de dados que foram processados e analisados no modelo de cálculo Microsoft Excel 2020®. Resultados 74,2% mostraram um alto nível de dependência para realizar IADLs, com predomínio de adultos. 70,7% tinham um cartão ou certificado de deficiência, com uma correlação negativa moderada entre a porcentagem de gravidade e o nível de independência. A artrite reumatoide foi a doença mais frequentemente ligada à perda de independência. Conclusão É possível detectar precocemente o nível de dependência e a presença de deficiência, aplicando o Lawton e Brody Index, determinando limitações funcionais para realizar IADLs em uma comunidade de pessoas vulneráveis.

Abstract Introduction The structural and/or functional changes or impairments presented by people with disabilities can limit or compromise their interaction, for the performance or fulfillment of personal or social activities, making them then vulnerable people. For evaluation, the occupational therapist must assess several factors that can be considered as a risk of increased vulnerability such as: age, gender, educational level, economic conditions, occupation, physical or mental condition, and presence of comorbidities among others. Objective To evaluate the level of independence in the performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in individuals belonging to a community of vulnerable people. Method The Lawton and Brody Index was applied to adults and older adults who had or reported some type of disability, collecting a series of data that were processed and analyzed in the Microsoft Excel 2020® calculation template. Results 74.2% showed a high level of dependence to develop IADLs, with a predominance in adults. 70.7% had a disability card or certificate, with a moderate negative correlation between the percentage of severity and the level of independence. Rheumatoid arthritis was the disease most frequently associated with loss of independence. Conclusion It is possible to detect early the level of dependence and the presence of disability, through the application of the Lawton and Brody Index, determining functional limitations to perform IADLs in a community of vulnerable people.

Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and its influencing factors among workers involving climbing task in power supply enterprises / 环境与职业医学

Background Operation and maintenance work in the power grid industry often involving climbing, manual handling, and poor postures causing serious problems like work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The influencing factors of WMSDs are not very clear, but the problem has been widely concerned in this industry. Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs among climbing task-involved workers in power supply enterprises. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 702 workers involving climbing task from 10 power supply enterprises in Jilin Province, Tianjin Municipality, and Shandong province were selected as study subjects using cluster sampling. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire which was revised by Lei Yang was used to estimate the prevalence and identify related factors of WMSDs. \begin{document}$ {\chi

Multi-tissue segmentation model of whole slide image of pancreatic cancer based on multi task and attention mechanism / 生物医学工程学杂志

Accurate segmentation of whole slide images is of great significance for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. However, developing an automatic model is challenging due to the complex content, limited samples, and high sample heterogeneity of pathological images. This paper presented a multi-tissue segmentation model for whole slide images of pancreatic cancer. We introduced an attention mechanism in building blocks, and designed a multi-task learning framework as well as proper auxiliary tasks to enhance model performance. The model was trained and tested with the pancreatic cancer pathological image dataset from Shanghai Changhai Hospital. And the data of TCGA, as an external independent validation cohort, was used for external validation. The F1 scores of the model exceeded 0.97 and 0.92 in the internal dataset and external dataset, respectively. Moreover, the generalization performance was also better than the baseline method significantly. These results demonstrate that the proposed model can accurately segment eight kinds of tissue regions in whole slide images of pancreatic cancer, which can provide reliable basis for clinical diagnosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma segmentation and pathological differentiation degree prediction method based on multi-task learning / 生物医学工程学杂志

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy, where HCC segmentation and prediction of the degree of pathological differentiation are two important tasks in surgical treatment and prognosis evaluation. Existing methods usually solve these two problems independently without considering the correlation of the two tasks. In this paper, we propose a multi-task learning model that aims to accomplish the segmentation task and classification task simultaneously. The model consists of a segmentation subnet and a classification subnet. A multi-scale feature fusion method is proposed in the classification subnet to improve the classification accuracy, and a boundary-aware attention is designed in the segmentation subnet to solve the problem of tumor over-segmentation. A dynamic weighted average multi-task loss is used to make the model achieve optimal performance in both tasks simultaneously. The experimental results of this method on 295 HCC patients are superior to other multi-task learning methods, with a Dice similarity coefficient (Dice) of (83.9 ± 0.88)% on the segmentation task, while the average recall is (86.08 ± 0.83)% and an F1 score is (80.05 ± 1.7)% on the classification task. The results show that the multi-task learning method proposed in this paper can perform the classification task and segmentation task well at the same time, which can provide theoretical reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC patients.

Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with task-oriented rehabilitation training on forelimb motor dysfunction in rats with spinal cord injury / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with task-oriented rehabilitation training single pellet reaching and grasping (SPG) on the motor function of forelimb in rats with unilateral contusion of C5 spinal cord. MethodsA total of 60 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (sham group), spinal cord injury (SCI) group, tDCS group, SPG group, false group and tDCS+SPG group, with ten rats in each group. Only C5 lamina was removed in the sham group, and the C5 spinal cord contusion model was established by IH spinal cord impactor in the other five groups. The rats received tDCS in tDCS group, SPG in SPG group, tDCS without current in false group, tDCS combined with SPG in tDCS+SPG group, and no treatment in the SCI and the sham groups. The rats were evaluated with Rearing and Grooming tests, and motor-evoked potential (MEP). ResultsFour weeks after operation, compared with SCI group, the scores of Rearing and Grooming increased in tDCS group and tDCS+SPG group (P < 0.05), and they were more in the tDCS+SPG group than in tDCS group and SPG group (P < 0.05); the score of Grooming increased in SPG group (P < 0.05); while the amplitude of MEP increased in tDCS group, SPG group and tDCS+SPG group (P < 0.05), and the latency shortened in tDCS group and tDCS+SPG group (P < 0.05); and the amplitude increased more in tDCS+SPG group than in tDCS group and SPG group (P < 0.01). ConclusiontDCS could promote the recovery of motor function in rats with SCI, and the combination therapy of tDCS and task-oriented rehabilitation training is more effective.

Influence of different tasks on gait characteristics and task cost in early childhood / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of interference tasks and age on gait characteristics and task costs of children aged three to eight years. MethodsFrom April to August, 2021, 200 children from a kindergarten and primary school in Cangzhou, Hebei were enrolled to collect gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics data with infrared motion capture system; ground reaction force was collected with the Kistler force platform and simulated with Anybody 7.0, as walking naturally (standard gait), answering question (cognitive gait) and crossing obstacle (obstacle-crossing gait). ResultsA total of 182 children finished the test. The main effect of task was significant on spatiotemporal parameters (F > 5.167, P < 0.01), as well as age (F > 2.321, P < 0.05), except on stride width and speed; while the interaction effect of task and age was significant on double stance phase, single stance phase and step length (F > 3.040, P < 0.01). The main effect of task was significant on kinematics data (F > 83.019, P < 0.001), as well as age (F > 2.359, P < 0.05), except on range of motion of knee and maximum angular velocity of ankle; while the interaction effect of task and age was significant (F > 2.066, P < 0.05), except on range of motion of hip. The main effect of task and age was significant on kinetic parameters (F > 4.032, P < 0.05); while the interaction effect of task and age was significant (F > 2.189, P < 0.05), except on the strength of medial soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior. The coefficient of variation was the most for cognitive gait, and then for the obstacle-crossing gait and standard gait. The main effect of task and age was significant on the cost of task for stride length and speed (F > 3.368, P < 0.01), while the interaction effect was not significant. ConclusionGait of early childhood is influenced by interference tasks and age. Under interference tasks, gait cycle increases, while single stance phase, stride length, frequency and speed decrease; and task costs increase, and overall gait stability decrease. Cognitive tasks impact on gait greater than obstacle crossing, which may be due to the higher costs of tasks. In terms of age, gait exhibits a non-linear age trend.

Effect of robot-assisted bilateral task-oriented upper limb training on upper limb function of patients with stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of robot-assisted bilateral task-oriented upper limb training on upper limb function of patients with stroke. MethodsFrom January, 2021 to June, 2022, 52 patients with stroke in the Second Hospital of Jiaxing were enrolled and randomized into control group (n = 26) and experimental group (n = 26). Both groups received routine treatment. The control group added conventional bilateral upper limb training, while the experimental group added robot-assisted bilateral task-oriented upper limb training, for six weeks. Before and after treatment, the upper limb motor function and activities of daily living were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and modified Barthel Index (MBI). The upper limb proprioception test system was used to measure the average trace error (ATE) and test execution time of the upper limb. ResultsBefore treatment, there was no significant difference in the scores of FMA-UE and MBI, and ATE and test execution time between two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, all the indexes improved significantly in both groups (|t| > 5.400, P < 0.001), and were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.123, P < 0.05). ConclusionRobot-assisted bilateral task-oriented upper limb training could facilitate to improve the upper limb motor function and activities of daily living of stroke patients.

Characteristics of cortical activation in older adults under cognition-balance dual tasks / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of balance and cortical activation in older adults when performing cognition-balance dual tasks. MethodsFrom January to April, 2023, 20 healthy older adults were non-targeted recruited. They completed six tasks of close eyes & fixed platform (CF), close eyes & fixed platform & cognitive task (CFc), open eyes & sway-referenced platform (OS), open eyes & sway-referenced platform & cognitive task (OSc), close eyes & sway-referenced platform (CS), and close eyes & sway-referenced platform & cognitive task (CSc) on the Balance SD, wearing functional near-infrared spectroscopy caps. The overal stability index (OSI) was measured with Balance SD. The premotor cortex (PMC), sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were as regions of interest (ROIs), and the β values were calculated. ResultsThe OSI was more as CFc than as CF (Z = -2.014, P < 0.05), and was less as CSc than as CS (Z = -2.063, P < 0.05). The β values of bilateral ROIs were all more as CFc than as CF (|Z| > 2.464, |t| > 3.733, P < 0.05), and as OSc than as OS (|t| > 2.308, P < 0.05); the β value of the right SMC was more as CSc than as CS (t = -2.912, P < 0.05). The number of correct counts was less as CSc than as CFc and OSc (|Z| > 3.643, P < 0.001). ConclusionBalance has been impaired under dual tasks for older adults, while activation of cerebral cortex increases. However, for more difficult balance task, older adults would preferentially maintain postural balance under dual tasks, while cognitive performance decreases, which may be the results from no more activation of cerebral cortex under dual tasks.

Effect of dual task walking on spatiotemporal gait in patients with cerebral small vessel disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To compare the gait characteristics of cognitive and motor dual task walking (DTW) in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and determine the best gait parameters to diagnose CSVD and judge the severity of the disease.Methods:A total of 106 patients with CSVD and 21 healthy individuals were included from September 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021 in the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital. According to the Fazekas scores, the subjects were divided into mild ( n=34, 1 point), moderate ( n=34, 2 points), severe ( n=38,3 points) groups and control group ( n=21). Participants were recorded parameters under single task walking (STW) and DTW conditions, and calculated dual task effect (DTC) through the difference between single task and dual task. The differences in gait variances and their DTC were shown by generalized estimation equations when performed in STW and DTW and 4 groups of the severity of disease. Post-hoc comparisons were corrected using Bonferroni′s method. Spearman analyses were applied to explore the correlations between gait parameters and their DTC during STW or DTW and severity of disease. Based on the Logistic model, combining predictors or probabilities were gained and applied to establish receiver operating characteristic curve in order to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve. Results:In the control group, there was no statistically significant difference in gait parameters between STW and DTW. In the CSVD group, the gait parameters of STW were significantly better than cognitive or motor DTW (all P<0.05). In the control group, there was no statistically significant difference in basic gait parameters under different tasks (all P>0.05). In cognitive DTW, temporal gait parameters (stride frequency and stride time) deteriorated significantly only in moderate and severe groups [stride frequency:moderate group 100.220±1.795/min,severe group 94.525±2.139/min;stride time:moderate group (1.227±0.024) s, severe group (1.299±0.031) s], but spatial parameters [stride length: control group (1.050±0.021) m, mild group (0.974±0.022) m, moderate group (0.903±0.025) m, severe group (0.793±0.026) m; stride speed: control group (0.944±0.028) m/s, mild group (0.866±0.030) m/s, moderate group (0.751±0.027) m/s, severe group (0.606±0.022) m/s] were significantly different among all groups (except the control group and mild group;all P<0.05). The DTC of all gait parameters during cognitive DTW was higher than that during motor DTW (all P<0.05) for CSVD patients. While no any difference was found between cognitive DTW and motor DTW in the control group (all P>0.05). Similarly, the temporal parameters′ DTC of cognitive DTW was abnormal only in the late stage of disease, while the spatial parameters′ DTC showed statistically significant difference among all the groups (including the control group and the mild group;all P<0.05). Correlation coefficients of the spatial parameters and their DTC in condition of cognitive DTW were significantly higher than temporal parameters and their DTC (0.50< r<0.64 vs 0.15< r<0.39). The area under curve of the combined predictor was significantly higher than that of any single index. Conclusions:Cognitive DTW can better reflect the abnormal gait of CSVD patients. The spatial parameters and DTC of cognitive DTW could effectively diagnose CSVD and distinguish the disease of severity. And DTC might be better indicators. For diagnosis of CSVD, there was no significant discrepancy between the spatial parameters and DTC, but the combined predictor could significantly improve the sensitivity and reduce the false negative rate.

Contrasting effects of DOM and lisuride on impul-sive decision-making in delay discounting task / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE The 5-HT2A receptor is the major target of classic hallucinogens.Both DOM(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine)and lisuride act at 5-HT2A receptors,and lisuride shares comparable affinity with DOM and acts as a partial agonist at 5-HT2A recep-tors.However,not like DOM,lisuride lacks hallucinogenic properties.Impulsive decision-making refers to the prefer-ence for an immediate small reinforcer(SR)over a delayed large reinforcer(LR).The current study aims to compare the effects of DOM and lisuride on impulsive decision-making and further to investigate the possible receptor mechanisms responsible for the actions of the two drugs.METHODS Impulsive decision-making was evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats by the percent-age of choice for the LR in delay discounting task(DDT).Delay to the LR changed in an ascending order(0,4,8,16,and 32 s)across one session.RESULTS DOM(0.3 and 0.5 mg·kg-1)increased impulsive decision-making,and the effects of DOM(0.5 mg·kg-1)was blocked by the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin(1.0 mg·kg-1)rather than the 5-HT2C receptor antagonist SB-242084(1.0 mg·kg-1).Contrarily,lisuride(0.1,0.3 and 0.5 mg·kg-1)decreased impulsive decision-making.The effects of lisu-ride(0.3 mg·kg-1)were not antagonized by ketanserin(1.0 mg·kg-1),selective 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635(1.0 mg·kg-1)or selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist L-745870(1.0 mg·kg-1),but were attenuated by the selec-tive dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist tiapride(40 mg·kg-1).CONCLUSION DOM and lisuride have contrasting effects on impulsive decision-making via distinct recep-tors.DOM-induced increase of impulsivity is mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor,while lisuride-induced inhibition of impulsivity is regulated by the dopamine D2/D3 receptor.

Application of typical tasks-based mind mapping in nursing teaching for children with autism spectrum disorder / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of typical tasks-based mind mapping in nursing teaching for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Methods:A total of 102 nursing students who were involved in the nursing of children with ASD in Hunan Children's Hospital were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the teaching methods. Fifty-one students in the control group were provided with conventional teaching, while 51 students in the observation group were provided with typical tasks-based mind mapping teaching. The students in the two groups were assessed for performance, self-directed learning ability score, and overall literacy at completion of the nursing course. SPSS 22.0 was used for the t test. Results:The scores of theoretical examination[(92.34±4.07) vs. (89.92±3.61)], nursing note writing[(91.07±3.84) vs. (88.60±3.59)], and operational examination[(90.47±2.98) vs. (88.52±2.73)] were significantly higher among students in the observation group than among those in the control group ( P<0.05); after the internship, students in the two groups had significantly increased scores in interpersonal relationships, learning awareness, learning strategies, learning behaviors, and learning evaluation, and the observation group had better performance than the control group in the above indices ( P<0.05); after the internship, students in the two groups had significantly increased scores in problem solving, interpersonal communication, critical thinking, and self-leadership, and the observation group had better performance than the control group in the above indices ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of typical tasks-based mind mapping in nursing teaching for children with ASD can improve nursing students' academic performance, enhance their self-directed learning, and improve their overall literacy.