Résumé
ABSTRACT Purpose: To report the initial 2 years' learning curve on gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy performed using the thermally blunted suture technique and review the factors that could potentially affect the outcome. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 100 eyes from 89 participants with glaucoma resistant to maximum clinical treatment, which was defined as having an intraocular pressure >21 mmHg in addition to three or four different hypotensive drugs. Intraocular pressure values at baseline, 1 week, and at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up and details regarding the need of antiglaucoma medication and further glaucoma surgery were recorded. Eyes that required further surgical intervention for intraocular pressure control were considered as failure. Results: A total of 51 eyes were subjected to isolated gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy, and 49 eyes were subjected to gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy + cataract extraction at the same surgical time. A statistically significant difference was observed between overall mean follow-up intraocular pressure and mean preoperative intraocular pressure (p<0.001) in all follow-up visits. When the extent of treatment was evaluated, patients with an extension of 360° did not exhibit statistically significantly lower mean intraocular pressure than those with other extensions. Hyphema was the only complication presented in 50 eyes (50%), but all had spontaneous resolution within 4 weeks. A total of 26 eyes (26%) required additional conventional trabeculectomy due to uncontrolled intraocular pressure, especially those who previously underwent vitreoretinal surgery. Conclusions: Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy, besides being an apparently safe procedure, results in satisfactory success rates even during the surgeon's initial learning curve. The technique was effective in decreasing intraocular pressure and medication burden.
RESUMO Objetivo: Reportar a curva de aprendizado dos 2 anos iniciais da trabeculotomia transluminal assistida por gonioscopia, usando a técnica de sutura termicamente atenuada e revisar os fatores que podem afetar o resultado. Métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo incluiu 100 olhos de 89 participantes com glaucoma resistente ao tratamento clínico máximo, definido como tendo pressão intraocular superior a 21mmHg, além de três ou quatro drogas hipotensoras diferentes. Pressão intraocular inicial, 1 semana, primeiro, segundo, terceiro, sexto, 12 e 24 meses de acompanhamento; necessidade de medicação antiglaucoma; necessidade de mais cirurgias anti-glaucomatosas foram registradas. Olhos que necessitaram de intervenção cirúrgica adicional para o controle da pressão intraocular foram considerados como insucesso. Resultados: Cinquenta e um olhos foram submetidos à trabeculotomia transluminal assistida por gonioscopia isolado e 49 olhos à trabeculotomia transluminal assistida por gonioscopia associado à extração de catarata no mesmo tempo cirúrgico. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a pressão intraocular média global no acompanhamento e a pressão intraocular média pré-operatória (p<0,001) em todas as visitas do acompanhamento. Ao avaliar a extensão do tratamento, os pacientes com extensão de 360 graus não apresentaram pressão intraocular média menor estatisticamente significativa em comparação com outras extensões. O hifema foi a única complicação presente em 50 olhos (50%), contudo todos tiveram resolução espontânea em quatro semanas. Um total de 26 olhos (26%) teve que ser submetido a trabeculectomia convencional adicional devido à pressão intraocular descontrolada, principalmente aqueles previamente submetidos à cirurgia vitreorretiniana. Conclusões: A trabeculotomia transluminal assistida por gonioscopia, além de ser um procedimento aparentemente seguro, apresenta taxas de sucesso satisfatórias, mesmo durante a curva de aprendizado inicial do cirurgião. A técnica foi efetiva em reduzir a pressão intraocular e uso de medicamentos.
Résumé
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to present the results of ab-interno trabeculotomy using Kahook Dual Blade in patients with primary congenital glaucoma. An ab-interno trabeculotomy using a dual blade device was performed in three eyes of two patients with the diagnosis of primary congenital glaucoma. One of them in the left eye and the other patient in both eyes. In the first patient, an adequate response was achieved after the intraocular pressure reduced from 36 mmHg to 14 mmHg. The second patient did not respond adequately to the procedure, and high intraocular pressure levels persisted in both eyes after the procedure. The indication of Kahook Dual Blade ab-interno trabeculotomy in primary congenital glaucoma must be cautious and more studies are needed to establish its efficacy and the best indications. Seems that this procedure should not be indicated for primary congenital glaucoma treatment.
RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar os resultados da trabeculotomia ab-interno com Kahook Dual Blade em pacientes com glaucoma congênito primário. Foi realizada trabeculotomia ab-interno com dispositivo de lâmina dupla em 3 olhos de 2 pacientes com diagnóstico de glaucoma congênito primário. Um deles no olho esquerdo e o outro paciente nos dois olhos. No primeiro paciente, houve resposta adequada uma vez que a pressão intraocular diminuiu de 36 mmHg para 14mmHg. O segundo paciente não respondeu adequadamente ao procedimento, mantendo altos níveis de pressão intraocular em ambos os olhos após o procedimento. A indicação da trabeculotomia ab-interno com o Kahook Dual Blade no glaucoma congênito primário deve ser cautelosa e são necessários mais estudos para estabelecer a eficácia e as melhores indicações. Parece que esse procedimento não deve ser indicado no tratamento do glaucoma congênito primário.
Sujets)
Humains , Trabéculectomie , Atteintes du nerf optique , Glaucome , Tonométrie oculaire , Glaucome/chirurgie , Études rétrospectives , Résultat thérapeutique , Pression intraoculaireRésumé
Objetivo: Describir los resultados visuales e hipotensores de la trabeculotomía gonioasistida modificada y determinar sus complicaciones. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de 30 ojos; 15 de ellos (15 pacientes) recibieron trabeculotomía gonioasistida modificada (grupo caso) y 15 ojos (15 pacientes) recibieron trabeculectomía con mitomicina C (control histórico). Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes masculinos. La edad promedio del grupo con trabeculectomía fue 64,2 ± 7,3 años; mientras la del grupo con trabeculotomía gonioasistida modificada fue 69,9 ± 4,8 años. La agudeza visual mejor corregida media preoperatoria fue menor en el grupo con trabeculectomía (95 VAR/100-80 vs. 97 VAR/100-90) y la presión intraocular media fue 26,0 mmHg/24,5-30,0) y 25,0 mmHg/22,5-27,0 respectivamente. Todos los pacientes con trabeculectomía recibieron 3 colirios hipotensores en el preoperatorio, mientras el 53,3 por ciento de los tratados con trabeculotomía gonioasistida modificada requirieron 3 colirios hipotensores. Al año, la agudeza visual mejor corregida media disminuyó en el grupo con trabeculectomía (90VAR/100-75), y se mantuvo en el grupo con trabeculotomía gonioasistida modificada (97VAR/100-90). En ambos grupos se produjo una caída significativa de la PIO promedio y más del 85 por ciento de los casos requirió uno o ningún colirio para su control. Conclusiones: El resultado visual, el poder hipotensor y las complicaciones quirúrgicas al año muestran la trabeculotomía gonioasistida modificada como una técnica útil y segura. Se requieren estudios a largo plazo para evaluar su efectividad futura(AU)
Objective: Describe results one year after modified gonioscopy-assisted trabeculotomy. Methods: An analytical study was conducted of 30 eyes, 15 of which (15 patients) underwent modified gonioscopy-assisted trabeculotomy (GATTm) (case group), and 15 trabeculotomy with mitomycin C (TBT) (historical control). Results: Male patients prevailed. Mean age was 64.2 ± 7.3 years for the TBT group and 69.9 ± 4.8 years for the GATTm group. In the TBT group mean preoperative best corrected visual acuity was lower (95 VAR/100-80 vs. 97VAR/100-90), whereas mean intraocular pressure was 26.0 mmHg/24.5-30.0 and 25.0 mmHg/22.5-27.0, respectively. All TBT patients received 3 hypotensive collyriums preoperative, while 53.3 percent of the GATTm patients required 3 hypotensive collyriums. At one year, mean best corrected visual acuity was lower in the TBT group (90VAR/100-75) and remained the same in the GATTm group (97VAR/100-90). A significant mean intraocular pressure reduction was observed in both groups and more than 85 percent of the cases required either one or no collyrium for their control. Conclusions: Visual result, hypotensive effect and surgical complications at one year are evidence that modified gonioscopy-assisted trabeculotomy is a safe, useful technique. Long-term studies are required to evaluate its future effectiveness(AU)
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Glaucome/diagnostic , Mitomycine/usage thérapeutique , Pression intraoculaire , Trabéculectomie/méthodesRésumé
En una enfermedad como el glaucoma, considerada la segunda causa de ceguera en Cuba y en el mundo, el tratamiento quirúrgico ha experimentado una evolución sorprendente y se buscan opciones más sencillas, eficaces y con un posoperatorio tranquilo. En el departamento de Glaucoma del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología se comenzó a realizar una modificación de la trabeculotomía gonioasistida y es de interés presentarla mediante la evolución posoperatoria a corto plazo de un caso clínico. Se trata de un paciente de 72 años de edad, con catarata y glaucoma descompensado, a pesar del tratamiento médico. Se presenta con 50 VAR de visión y presión intraocular de 26 mmHg. Se realizó cirugía combinada: facoemulsificación y trabeculotomía gonioasistida modificada. Se lograron cifras de presión intraocular de 18 mmHg y agudeza visual mejor corregida de 100 VAR a los 6 meses posoperatorios(AU)
In a disease such as glaucoma, considered the second main cause of blindness both in Cuba and worldwide, surgical treatment has experienced surprising development, and simpler, more effective alternatives as well as a quiet postoperative period are constantly sought. At the glaucoma department of the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology a modification has started to be performed of gonioscopy-assisted trabeculotomy. It would be interesting to present it by describing the short-term postoperative evolution of the clinical case of a 72-year-old male patient with cataract and decompensated glaucoma despite medical treatment. At presentation, the patient's vision was 50 VAR and intraocular pressure 26 mmHg. Combined surgery was performed: phacoemulsification and modified gonioscopy-assisted trabeculotomy. Six months after surgery, intraocular pressure was 18 mmHg and best corrected visual acuity was 100 VAR(AU)
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Sujet âgé , Trabéculectomie/méthodes , Glaucome/traitement médicamenteux , Interventions chirurgicales mini-invasives/effets indésirables , Phacoémulsification/méthodesRésumé
Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados da associação trabeculotomia-trabeculectomia (Tro-Trec) em pacientes de 12 a 50 anos, com glaucoma moderado ou avançado. Métodos: estudo prospectivo de 19 olhos de 13 pacientes, de 12 a 50 anos (média de 33,77 ± 11,43), submetidos à Tro-Trec e seguidos por 21,6 ± 7,2 (5,1 a 29,7) meses. Resultados: A pressão intraocular, (PIO) média inicial de 32,03 ± 10,01 mmHg (variando de 12 a 50), foi reduzida para 9,42 mmHg ± 3,50 (2 e 16), com redução da medicação tópica de 1,47 ± 1,54 (0 a 4) para 0,16 ± 0,37 (0 a 1) medicamentos. A PIO alvo foi atingida em 15 (78,94%) olhos. Houve acentuada redução da PIO mesmo em olhos sem bolhas significativas. O procedimento resultou em hipotonia persistente em três olhos. Conclusão: A cirurgia proposta foi eficaz. A acentuada redução da PIO em olhos sem bolhas significativas sugere que, na faixa etária analisada, a trabeculotomia isolada pode ser suficiente para controle da PIO em alguns pacientes. A incidência de hipotonia foi significativa, porém não superior à relacionada à trabeculectomia isolada, para a mesma faixa etária.
Purpose: To evaluate the results of the trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy combined procedure in 12 to 50 years old patients with moderate and advanced glaucoma. Methods: Nineteen eyes of thirteen patients underwent a trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy procedure and were prospectively analyzed and followed up for 21,6 ± 7,2 (5,1 a 29,7) months. Results: IOP was reduced from 32,03 ± 10,01 (12 to 50) mmHg to 9,42 ± 3,50 (2 e 16) mmHg with the number of topical medications being reduced from 1,47 ± 1,54 (0 a 4) to 0,16 ± 0,37 (0 a 1). The target IOP was obtained in 15 of the eyes (78,94%). A great IOP reduction was obtained in eyes without significant blebs. Three eyes developed persistent hipotony. Conclusion: The procedure proved to be effective. The IOP reduction in eyes without significant blebs make us to infer that isolated trabeculotomy should be sufficient to control IOP for some of these eyes. The occurency of hipotony was similar to that from isolated trabeculectomy for pacients of the same age.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Enfant , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Glaucome/chirurgie , Pression intraoculaire , Résultat thérapeutique , Trabéculectomie/méthodes , Études prospectivesRésumé
El glaucoma congénito es una enfermedad rara cuya incidencia exacta es difícil de determinar, la mayoría de los pacientes no se manifiestan al nacimiento a causa de la pequeña producción de humor acuoso en los primeros meses. La aparición precoz tienen un mal pronóstico, estos pacientes tiene un drenaje tan alterado que ni siquiera pueden manejar la escasa cantidad de humor acuoso producida por el ojo del neonato. Se describe un paciente con glaucoma congénito diagnosticado en la etapa de lactante cuya alteración más significativa resultó ser en agrandamiento antero posterior del globo ocular.
The congenital glaucoma is a strange disease whose exact incidence is difficult to determine, most of the patients are not declareed at birth because of the small production of aqueous humor in the first months. The precocious apparition has a bad prognosis, these patients have such an altered drainage that they cannot even manage the scarce quantity of aqueous humor produced by the eye of the neonate. A patient is described with congenital glaucoma diagnosed in the lactation stage whose most significant alteration turned out to be in the anteroposterior enlargement of the eyeball.
Sujets)
Humains , Glaucome/congénital , HydrophtalmieRésumé
Objetivo: Caracterizar los pacientes atendidos por glaucoma pediátrico, identificar el tratamiento más utilizado para cada subgrupo y conocer los resultados en referencia al control de la presión intraocular. Método: Estudio retrospectivo mediante revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes con glaucoma pediátrico menores de 15 años, pertenecientes al servicio de oftalmopediatría de la Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander Clínica Carlos Ardilla Lülle, atendidos entre enero/2001 y diciembre/2006. Resultados: Del total de casos recolectados, 46 pacientes tenían glaucoma congénito primario, 15 pacientes con glaucoma del desarrollo y 21 pacientes con glaucoma secundario. La técnica quirúrgica más utilizada fue la trabeculotomía combinada con trabeculectomía (TCO+TCE), seguido por la trabeculectomia aumentada con mitomicina (TCE+MMC) y el tratamiento médico tópico con hipotensores oculares. Conclusiones: El glaucoma congénito primario es la causa más frecuente de glaucoma en niños y la técnica combinada de TCE+TCO es el procedimiento de elección con una tasa de éxito del 69.6%.
Background: Glaucoma infrequently affects infants and children, as compared with adults. The prognosis of any glaucoma is better if it is diagnosed early and brought under control. In our experience, primary congenital glaucoma is the most common paediatric glaucoma, and for this condition, combined trabeculotomy+trabeculectomy is the procedure of choice. Objective: To characterize patients seen with paediatric glaucoma, to identify the most often used treatment for each subgroup and the results in reference to the intraocular pressure control. Method: Retrospective clinical record review of paediatric patients with glaucoma under 15 years old, treated in Oftalmopediatrics Service of the Ophthalmologic Foundation of Santander Carlos Ardila Lülle Clinic attended from January/2001 to December/2006. Results: 46 patients had primary congenital glaucoma, 15 had developmental glaucoma, and 21 had secondary glaucoma. The surgical technique most frequently used was trabeculotomy combined with the trabeculectomy (TCO + TCE), followed by trabeculectomy augmented with mitomycin (MMC + TEC) and medical treatment topic with ocular hypotensive. Conclusions: The primary congenital glaucoma is the most frequent cause of glaucoma in children and the combined technique TEC + TCI is the procedure of choice with success rate of 69.9%.