La enseñanza de las metodologías cualitativas en carreras de las ciencias de la salud: desafíos y reflexiones a partir de experiencias de docencia en fonoaudiología / Training students of health sciences in qualitative method: challenges and reflections from the teaching experience in speech and language therapy

Explicar los alcances del enfoque cualitativo de investigación social en salud a estudiantes de carreras de Ciencias de la Salud resulta un desafío en la entrega de la perspectiva antropológica y social en la formación profesional. Lo anterior debido a que estos estudiantes están acostumbrados a operar en las dicotomías naturaleza/cultura y ciencia/creencia. Como docentes,implica enseñarles a observar más allá de dichas dicotomías. También exige superar la limitada comprensión que puede haber sobre lo que es la aproximación cualitativa en investigación y lo que les puede ofrecer. Por ello, el propósito del estudio es reflexionar sobre los alcances que tienen estos desafíos en el aula, recurriendo a casos de ejercicios de diseños de investigación cualitativa en la carrera de Fonoaudiología de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile. Concluimos que un acercamiento temprano a metodologías cualitativas permite a estudiantes de pregrado desarrollar una visión crítica hacia las dicotomías reduccionistas respecto de la producción y validación de conocimientos. Además, promueve entender la dimensión social de la salud como un fenómeno individual y colectivo. También favorece concebir a la Medicina como un campo de trabajo transdisciplinar.

To explain the scope of the qualitative approach to undergraduate students of healthcare sciences is a challenge for those of us who must translate the anthropological and social perspectives to students used to operate within nature/culture and science/belief dichotomies. This challenge involves teaching to look beyond these dichotomies and forces us, as lecturers, to overcome the barriers or limited understanding that often characterize health professionals' relation to what qualitative approach can offer to them. Based upon the teaching experience of the authors, this article aims to reflect about the emergence of these challenges, turning, therefore, to examples of qualitative research design in the speech and hearing program at the faculty of medicine of the University of Chile. We believe that an early approach to qualitative methodologies would allow undergraduate students to develop a critical vision in relation to reductive dichotomies, in addition to promoting an understanding of health as an individual and collective phenomenon, and of medicine as a trans disciplinary field of work.

Integration of innovation & entrepreneurship concept with the teaching practice of biochemistry experiment / 生物工程学报

Biochemistry experiment is an experimental module associated with biochemistry curriculum. In the context of deepening the education reform on innovation & entrepreneurship, integrating the concept of innovation & entrepreneurship with the experimental course is an effective way for the biology discipline to foster professional talents with strong engineering ability and innovation & entrepreneurship ability. Outcome-based education (OBE) is a new concept for education. Guided by this concept, we encouraged students to propose and take part in research projects, redesigned the time frame for research project-based experiment teaching, and implemented a multi-dimensional evaluation system along the entire teaching process. Furthermore, we integrated the concept of innovation & entrepreneurship for training undergraduates during the teaching process of biochemistry experiment. These measures not only boosted the students' interest in research and innovation, but also guided the teachers to participate in the entire process, which helped improving the engineering ability and innovation & entrepreneurship ability of the students.

Analysis on the current situation and reform strategies of psychopharmacology course / 四川精神卫生

The purpose of this paper is to optimize the course construction and teaching process of psychopharmacology， and analyze the problems in the course of teaching and assessment of psychopharmacology from many aspects. This article is to deeply excavate the space for improvement， and enrich the teaching links by using existing conditions， technology and personnel to enhance the teaching effect and improve the teaching quality， so as to provide references for the reform of similar course teaching.

Preliminary exploration of reserved talents training in thoracic surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the Nanshan class of clinical medicine in Guangzhou Medical University, the center established an interest-oriented thoracic surgery learning collaboration group. All recruited students received the full-range cultivation, including "MDT" learning collaboration with characteristics of early clinical practice, early scientific research, English training and thoracic surgery collaboration group as thecore, accelerated clinical skills training under the naked-eye 3D thoracoscopic system, and scientific research thinking which recommended by new media — "WeChat public platform". A total of 10 undergraduate students from 2013 to 2017 batch were recruited into the this group and they showed advantages in clinical technique, scientific research and higher education enrollment after cultivation, demonstrating that part of the clinical teaching and scientific research thinking of thoracic surgery gave to undergraduates in advance can pave the way for the training of thoracic surgeons and formulate more detailed and individualized programs to teach students in accordance with their aptitude in the future.

A influência dos saberes docentes na escolha de estratégias de ensino dos esportes coletivos no estágio de 6º ao 9º ano / The influence of teacher's knowledge in the choice of teaching strategies of collective sports in the internships from 6th to 9th year / La influencia de los saberes docentes en la elección de estratégias de enseñanza de los deportes colectivos en la etapa de 6º al 9º año

O objetivo foi identificar as estratégias de ensino de esportes coletivos utilizadas por estudantes no estágio supervisionado do 6º ao 9º ano de duas universidades federais e verificar o que influenciou nessa escolha: disciplinas, experiências esportivas pré-formação profissional e/ou as experiências de ensino durante a formação inicial. Realizaram-se estimulação da recorda- ção, entrevista e análise dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso. Metade dos estagiários optou por métodos mais tradicionais. Todas as variáveis estudadas influenciaram nas escolhas didáticometodológicas dos estagiários. As disciplinas do curso de graduação e as experiências de prá- tica docente parecem auxiliar na ressignificação dos saberes produzidos nas experiências pré- formação profissional.

The objective was to identify the teaching strategies of collective sports used by students in the supervised internships of the 6th to 9th year of two Federal Universities and to verify what influenced this choice: disciplines, sports experience, pre-training and/or teaching experiences during the initial training. A stimulation of the recall, interview and analysis of the Pedagogical Projects of Course was carried out. Half of the trainees opted for more traditional methods. All variables studied influenced the didactic-methodological choices of trainees. The disciplines of the undergraduate course and the experiences of teaching practice seem to help in the re-signification of the knowledge produced in the pre-vocational training experiences.

El objetivo fue identificar las estrategias de enseñanza de los deportes colectivos utilizadas por estudiantes en la práctica supervisada del 6º a 9º año de dos universidades federales y verificar lo que influencio en esa elección: disciplinas, experiencias deportivas pré-formación profissional y/o las experiencias de enseñanza durante la formación inicial. Se realizó estimulación del recuerdo, entrevista y análisis de los Proyectos Pedagógicos de Curso. La mitad de los aprendices optó por métodos más tradicionales. Las disciplinas del curso de graduación y las experiencias de práctica docente parecen auxiliar en la resignificación de los saberes producidos en las experiencias pre-formación profesional.

A Qualitative Assessment Of Student Attitudes To The Use Of Body Painting As A Learning Tool In First Year Human Anatomy: A Pilot Study

Background: The use of body painting as a method of engaging students in the learning of anatomy has beendemonstrated as being beneficial to knowledge retention amongst medical students. However, the benefit of theuse of body painting as an educational tool for non-medical students learning anatomy is relatively understudied.Aims: This research aimed to assess the perceptions of first year non-medical tertiary students on the use ofbody painting as an engaging and useful tool for learning human anatomy. A secondary aim was to determine ifstudents’ assessment of the activity differed between those enrolled in a generalised Medical Science degreecompared to those in a Clinical Health Science degree with a specific career path.Materials and Methods: A total of two hundred first-year students divided between a Medical Science degree(n=101) and the Clinical Health Sciences (n = 99) were surveyed using a combination of Likert scale and openended responses to determine if students thought body painting had a place in anatomy teaching.Results: Quantitative results found no significant difference in the reported level of enjoyment experiencedduring body painting activities, with students finding the activity reasonably enjoyable (3.6-3.8/5), howeverClinical Health Science students found the activity most useful as a learning tool (3.9/5; p d” 0.01). Thematicinductive analysis revealed that students from both cohorts found the activity fun and interactive and that itpromoted engagement and information retention. Students also recognised the benefit of the activity for visualand kinaesthetic learners. Clinical Health science students were the only cohort to report on how body paintinghelped linked to their future in clinical practice.Conclusions: Student feedback supports the use of body painting as a learning tool in human anatomy in nonmedical degree programs, and contributes to the development of a stronger undergraduate anatomy teachingprogram.

Pase de visita docente-asistencial hospitalario en las especialidades quirúrgicas / Teaching ward rounds for surgical specialties

INTRODUCCIÓN: el pase de visita docente-asistencial de pregrado se desarrolla en la actualidad en la atención primaria de salud como pase de vista comunitario, y en la atención secundaria con el hospitalario. La enseñanza de la mayoría de las asignaturas de las especialidades quirúrgicas, se ha realizado con pacientes hospitalizados. Diversos cambios en el diseño curricular y en la organización de los servicios quirúrgicos han incidido en el pase de visita docente-asistencial de pregrado en las asignaturas de especialidades quirúrgicas. OBJETIVO: caracterizar el pase de visita de pregrado en las asignaturas de especialidades quirúrgicas. MÉTODOS: estudio transversal en el campo de la educación médica de pregrado sobre el pase de visita hospitalario de las asignaturas de especialidades quirúrgicas en el Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay" durante el primer semestre del curso 2010-2011. La muestra quedó constituida por 31 profesores y 35 internos. La encuesta dirigida a los educadores incluyó aspectos como: categoría docente, años de experiencia, grado académico y aspectos sobre el pase de visita, y una segunda encuesta dirigida a estudiantes al término de la rotación por Cirugía General del internado, exploró la frecuencia y la calidad de este. RESULTADOS: el 48,4 % de los profesores refirió que en su asignatura el pase de visita docente se realizaba diariamente, el 45,2 % coincidió en que la cantidad de educandos que participaba era adecuada. Los alumnos en general catalogaron como buena la calidad de los pases de visita y la asignatura de Cirugía General fue la más favorecida en sus opiniones (82,8 %). CONCLUSIONES: los profesores, en su mayoría, consideraron el pase de visita de pregrado en las asignaturas de las especialidades quirúrgicas como la actividad principal de educación en el trabajo y la mayoría de los alumnos expresó su satisfacción con la calidad de este.

INTRODUCTION: in primary health care, teaching rounds take the form of community rounds. In secondary health care, they take the form of ward rounds. Most contents in surgical specialties have always been taught through interviews with hospitalized patients. Various changes in curricular design and in the organization of surgical services have had an impact on undergraduate surgical teaching rounds. OBJECTIVE: characterize undergraduate teaching rounds for surgical specialties. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted of undergraduate ward rounds for surgical specialties at Dr. Carlos J. Finlay Central Military Hospital during the first semester of academic year 2010-2011. The sample was composed of 31 teachers and 35 interns. The survey designed for teachers included items such as teaching category, years of experience, academic degree and data on ward rounds. The survey for students, which was applied at the end of the general surgery rotation of their internship, inquired about the frequency and quality of ward rounds. RESULTS: 48.4 % of the teachers stated that ward rounds for their subjects were performed daily, and 45.2 % agreed that the number of participant students was adequate. Most students evaluated the quality of ward rounds as good. Their opinions were specially favorable when they referred to the subject general surgery (82.8 %). CONCLUSIONS: most teachers viewed undergraduate ward rounds for contents from surgical specialties as the main in-service training activity, and most students expressed their satisfaction with their quality.

Exploration on improving medical immunology teaching effect / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper introduced multiple flexible teaching methods in medical immunology based on its characteristics including paying attention to introductory class,activating class atmosphere,integrating multiple teaching form.Results showed that these methods stimulating interests of the students,improving their comprehensive quality and ability of innovation,so teaching effect can be improved accordingly.

Optimization of innovation education system in medical undergraduate teaching practice / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper analyzed innovative education management system,innovative education resources,innovative education mode and innovative education evaluation standard through practicing‘integration of production,study and research’ teaching platform. Meanwhile,this paper explored the optimization system of innovative education in medical undergraduate teaching.

Modelo biológico no vivo para la enseñanza de la técnica de venodisección en alumnos de pregrado de la carrera de medicina / Non-live biological model for the teaching of the venous cutdown technique to undergraduate medical students

Objetivo: Proporcionar material didáctico útil al estudiante y al médico general para conocer la técnica de venodisección en un modelo biológico no vivo. Sede: Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM. Diseño: Modelo de enseñanza. Material y método: Se proporcionan indicaciones, contraindicaciones, características anatómicas y técnica a considerar. Empleamos pata de cerdo como modelo didáctico por ser accesible en costos, disponibilidad y un modelo fácilmente reproducible por los alumnos. Por su semejanza con los eventos clínicos que suceden en los pacientes a nivel hospitalario, consideramos que representa un buen método de enseñanza de habilidades quirúrgicas en el pregrado. Conclusión: El actual modelo biológico es una opción viable y representativa de la venodisección; el alumno aprende a identificar al paciente que requiere de este procedimiento; una vez identificado, podrá realizar el procedimiento de manera adecuada evitando, en la medida de lo posible, cualquier tipo de complicación.

Objective: To provide teaching material useful for the medical student and the general physician to learn the venous cutdown technique in a non-live biological model. Setting: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, UNAM. Design: Teaching model. Material and method: Indications, contraindication, anatomical characteristics and technique to be considered will be provided. We use a pig foot as didactic model because it is accessible in terms of costs, availability, and can be reproduced easily by students. Due to its similarity with clinical events occurring in patients at the hospital level, we consider that it represents a good teaching method of surgical skills at the undergraduate level. Conclusion: The current biological model is a viable option and representative of venous cutdown. The student learns to identify the patient that requires this procedure, once identified he will be able to perform the procedure adequately avoiding, as much as possible, any type of complication.

Introduction and application of health management in neurology education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

During the process of neurology teaching,the theory of “3-stage health intervention”was introduced,the basic skills of health management were cultivated in the whole clinical practice,which made the content of neurology education more effective and promoted the students' diathesis to be more comprehensive so as to cultivate the talents to accommodate the development of sociaty.

Assessment of perception of first professional MBBS students in India about a teaching learning activity in Biochemistry.

Objectives: To obtain feedback from the 1st Professional MBBS students on their perception of the existing method of lecture classes in Biochemistry. Method: A semi-structured questionnaire based study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, under the West Bengal University of Health Sciences. The subjects were the 1st Professional MBBS students in the 1st semester of the academic year 2008 – 2009. Results: Three items with the highest and least Satisfaction Index were segregated and compared against an ‘average satisfaction’ of 66.67%. The summary of the consolidated observation on the most appreciated and least appreciated aspects and suggestions for improvements were taken into consideration and discussed. Further, Interpretation of the feedback reflected that the learners still preferred to be taught in a predominantly individualized care-based environment. Conclusion: Feedback from the students facilitates a change in preconceived notions about teachinglearning principles on the part of the faculty. At the same time, it is evident from the feedback obtained that the students still prefer to be taught in an individualized care-based environment which reflects their lack of or incomplete attitudinal shift towards the more institutionalized care-based environment of a medical education institution.

A case study of the teaching assistant system for the dissection course at the University of Yamanashi / 医学教育

The curricula for Japanese medical schools are being dramatically reformed. Under these conditions, the number of hours allocated to the anatomical dissection course has decreased in the last decade. In the current environment of understaffing, we face a conflict between good educational practice and superior research performance at the University of Yamanashi. To address this problem and to cultivate research-oriented thinking and the teaching ability of medical students, we introduced a novel teaching system in which senior students (3rd to 6th years) serve as teaching assistants (TAs) in the dissection course. In this trial, we undertook the following procedures.1) We performed two surveys of 2nd-year students and TAs to evaluate the performance of the system during the middle and late phases of the laboratory course.2) By referring to the results of the first survey, we simultaneously improved the system.3) Research topics related to anatomy were assigned to the TAs.4) Overall, this system was viewed favorably by both the second-year students and the TAs, although the consistent participation of TAs throughout the term remains to be addressed. By taking these issues and evaluations into account, we will improve the system and propose it as a new elective educational style for Japanese medical schools.

As potencialidades e fragilidades do portfólio reflexivo na visão dos estudantes de enfermagem / Potentialities and weaknesses of the reflective portfolio according to nursing students

O estudo tem por objetivo demonstrar as potencialidades e dificuldades da utilização do portfólio reflexivo como instrumento de aprendizagem. A metodologia utilizada versa sobre pesquisa qualitativa, a coleta de dados ocorreu no mês de novembro de 2006, foi utilizado formulário com perguntas abertas e fechadas e os resultados foram analisados e descritos em categorias temáticas. A primeira categoria apresenta o portfólio como ferramenta do processo de ensino-aprendizagem - oferece uma estrutura que permite refletir sobre esse processo; a segunda categoria relaciona o portfólio como ferramenta para interação individual e grupal, pois pode socializar a construção do conhecimento; a terceira categoria indica o portfólio como ferramenta de ajuda, identificando as potencialidades de sua utilização. As fragilidades da confecção dos portfólios representam as dificuldades relativas ao tempo e à habilidade escrita. Conclui-se que as potencialidades da utilização do portfólio reflexivo se sobrepõem às fragilidades apontadas.

The study aims at identifying potentialities and difficulties of the use of the reflective portfolio, as a learning tool. The methodology used addresses qualitative research; the collection of data occurred in November, 2006; a form with open and closed questions was used, and the results have been analyzed and described on thematic categories. The first category presents the portfolio as a tool in the teaching-learning process. It offers a structure that allows for thinking over that process; the second category associates the portfolio to a tool for individual and group interaction because it can socialize construction of knowledge; the third category regards the portfolio as an aid tool, identifying potentialities of its use. The weaknesses about the confection of portfolios mirror the difficulties related to time and to the written skill. In conclusion, potentialities of the use of the reflective portfolio overpass the weaknesses exposed.

El estudio tiene por objetivo demostrar las potencialidades y las dificultades del uso del portfolio reflexivo como instrumento de aprendizaje. La metodología usada versa sobre investigación cualitativa, la recogida de datos ocurrió en el mes de noviembre de 2006, el instrumento con preguntas abiertas y cerradas fue utilizado y los resultados fueron analizados y descritos en categorías temáticas. La primera categoría presenta el portfolio como herramienta del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje – ofrece una estructura que permite reflexionar sobre ese proceso; la segunda categoría relaciona el portfolio como herramienta para interacción individual y grupal, pues puede socializar la construcción del conocimiento; la tercera categoría indica el portfolio como herramienta de ayuda, identificando las potencialidades de su utilización. Las fragilidades de la confección de los portfolios representan las dificultades relativas al tiempo y a la habilidad escrita. Se concluye que las potencialidades del empleo del portfolio reflexivo se sobreponen a las fragilidades señaladas.

Analysis of the Countermeasures to Meet the Assessment of Work Level of Undergraduate Teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

"Assessment of Work Level of Undergraduate Teaching in Colleges and Universities" organized and carried out by ministry of education is a kind of Assessment of higher learning in our country.It is a very effective channel to improve our quality of higher education and set up a long-term quality assurance system and supervision mechanism.It is also of very important guiding significance to know the historical development and significance of assessment of work level of undergraduate teaching,to be familiar with its procedures,to be clear about its target and assignment,and work out its measures and policies.

On the Conclusion and Usage of the Undergraduate Teaching Evaluation in Chinese Common Higher Institutions / 中华医学教育探索杂志

At present higher education evaluation system in our country is gradually consummated and more and more significant, but the evaluation conclusion and its usage have not attained enough attention.This paper has appraised the formation and manifestation of conclusion of undergraduate teaching evaluation in Chinese common higher institutions,discussed the feasibility of evaluation conclusion in the government,universities and social public,and suggested how to greatly use the evaluation conclusion. Its purpose is to make more people put more attention to the usage of evaluation conclusion.

Several relationships needed to be well handled during the teaching of"Medical microbiolo-gy"and"Medical immunology"courses for undergraduate students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Both of "Medical Microbiology"and "Medical Immunology"are two important basic and required medical courses for college students.There is something worth discussing in some respects,including the composing of teaching materials,designing of curriculum,key points of teaching and practical application.It's necessary to deal with the relationships well between the teaching effects and the issues such as arrangements of class period,selection of teaching material and the design of teaching.Particularly,we should emphasize close connection between the basic and clinical course.

Applying new medical education methods to solve the problems of medical probation / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper analyse the problem of medical probation,suggests solutions with the application of new medical education methods to improve teaching quality and cultivate the high quality talents that can meet the fundmental requirement of global medical education.

The Teaching Quality Control of the Undergraduate Teaching Assessment / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In the undergraduate teaching assessment,"eaching quality control" is the core content of their inspection.This paper explained the quality control of the content,analyzed the challenge of improving the teaching quality and put forward the idea of constructing the perfect teaching quality control system from five aspects such as raising awareness and unifying thinking,establishing a sound teaching system,strengthening the organizational functions and responsibilities,grasping the key points and implementing the whole process of the quality control.