Fibrilación auricular por vía accesoria con patrón de preexcitación ventricular: Informe de un caso / Atrial fibrillation by accessory pathway with pattern of ventricular pre-excitation: A case report

RESUMEN La fibrilación auricular por vía accesoria es una peligrosa enfermedad que puede provocar muerte súbita; es poco frecuente y necesita una conducta exacta, mucho más si aparece un patrón de preexcitación ventricular. Se presenta el caso de un adolescente masculino de 17 años de edad y piel blanca, con antecedentes de palpitaciones cortas a esfuerzos moderados y pérdida ocasional del conocimiento de breve duración, sin otra sintomatología asociada. Al momento del ingreso presenta un cuadro de palpitaciones, fatiga, palidez e hipotensión arterial, y en el electrocardiograma se observa una taquicardia con QRS ancho, irregular, con onda delta y frecuencia ventricular rápida, que fue interpretada como fibrilación auricular preexcitada. Se realizó cardioversión eléctrica sincronizada al QRS con 100 julios y se logró restaurar el ritmo sinusal con patrón electrocardiográfico de preexitación ventricular (síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White).

ABSTRACT Atrial fibrillation by accessory pathway is a dangerous disease that can cause sudden death, it is rare and it needs a careful management, even more, if a pattern of ventricular pre-excitation appears. The case of a white skin 17-year-old teenager with a history of short palpitations at moderate effort, and occasional loss of consciousness of short duration, without other associated symptoms, is presented. At the moment of admission, he presents palpitations, fatigue, pallor and low blood pressure; in the electrocardiogram a tachycardia with wide, irregular QRS, with delta wave and rapid ventricular rate is observed, which was interpreted as pre-excited atrial fibrillation. Synchronized electrical cardioversion to QRS with 100 joules was performed, and sinus rhythm was restored with electrocardiographic pattern of ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome).

Diagnóstico diferencial de las taquicardias de complejo ancho: un desafío permanente / Wide QRS tachycardia: a diagnostic challenge

El diagnóstico electrocardiográfico correcto de la causa de una taquicardia de complejo QRS ancho (TCA) es fundamental, ya que tanto el manejo, como el pronóstico del paciente, es diferente según su etiología, y define el estudio que debemos realizar. Numerosos criterios y algoritmos han sido descritos para diferenciar el origen de estas taquicardias. Sin embargo, muchos de estos son complejos y difíciles de aplicar para el médico menos experimentado. Esto es particularmente importante en los servicios de emergencia, donde se necesita una definición rápida que permita un manejo agudo apropiado. En la presente revisión analizamos los diferentes mecanismos de las TCA y los principales criterios diagnósticos en el ECG, reforzando, especialmente, aquellos de aplicación rápida y de alto rendimiento diagnóstico.

The correct electrocardiographic diagnosis of the cause of a wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT) is essential since both management and prognosis of the patient. The correct electrocardiographic diagnosis of the cause of a wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT) is essential since both management and prognosis is different according to its etiology and defines the study that we should perform. Numerous criteria and algorithms have been described to differentiate the origin of these tachycardias. However, many of these are complex and difficult to apply to the less experienced doctor. This is particularly important in emergency rooms, where a rapid definition is needed to allow proper therapy. In this review we analyze the different mechanisms of WCT and the main EKG diagnostic criteria, emphasizing those which can be applied rapidly and have high diagnostic value.

A case of ventricular tachycardia precipitated by caffeine: a rare occurrence

The effects of caffeine vary according to the dose and patient. Thus, there is no bright line defining thresholds. Here, we present an unusual case of ventricular tachycardia precipitated by a dose of 450-500 mg of caffeine in a healthy 33-year-old man.

Arritmias provocadas por ondansetrón: Presentación de un caso / Arrhythmias caused by ondansetron: Case report

RESUMEN El ondansetrón se usa para prevenir las náuseas y los vómitos causados por la quimioterapia, radioterapia y cirugías, pertenece a los antagonistas de receptores de serotonina 5-HT3, una sustancia natural que puede causar náuseas y vómitos, y bloquea su acción. El ondansetrón viene envasado en forma de tabletas de desintegración rápida, como una solución para tomar por vía oral y en ámpulas, para su uso parenteral. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 67 años de edad con diagnóstico de carcinoma de mama, a la cual se realizó mastectomía radical con vaciamiento axilar, y recibió quimioterapia con adriamicina, ciclofosfamida y paclitaxel; así como ondansetrón para tratar las náuseas y vómitos. La paciente presentó una taquicardia con QRS ancho después de utilizar el fármaco.

ABSTRACT The ondansetron is used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, belonging to the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, a natural substance that can cause nausea and vomiting, and it blocks its action. The ondansetron is packaged in the form of rapid disintegration tablets, as a solution to be taken orally and in ampules, for parenteral use. The case of a 67-year-old female patient is presented, with a diagnosis of breast carcinoma, who underwent radical mastectomy with axillary dissection was performed, and who received chemotherapy with adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel; as well as ondansetron to treat nausea and vomiting. The patient presented a wide QRS complex tachycardia after taking the drug.

The role of frontal plane cardiac axis shift in the diagnosis of wide QRS tachycardia / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the value of axis shift between the baseline normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and WCT in diagnosis of wide QRS-complex tachycardia (WCT). Methods 390 surface ECGs of 186 patients with WCT were obtained from April 2012 to April 2018 at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital at which the arrhythmia diagnosis was proven by intracardiac electrophysiological study. The axis shift between the baseline NSR and WCT was calculated by table lookup method. Then we analyzed the role of axis shift in diagnosis of WCT. Results Among the 186 patients with WCT, 147 (79.03％) were ventricular tachycardia (VT) , and 39 (20.97％) were supraventricual tachycardia (SVT) with conduction abnormalities. In the 95％ confidence interval, the axis shift showed an outstanding discrimination performance. The area under the ROC curve is 0.708 (0.579-0.817, P =0.007). Compared with left axis deviation, right axis deviation, the right axis deviation of LBBB morphology, the axis shift> 68 degree is more sensitive (53.06％) , and the specificity (91.43％) is also more desirable. Moreover, if the axis shift set> 130 degree, the specificity can reach 100％, and the sensitivity (12.24％) is equivalent to northwestern axis. Conclusion A significant axis shift between the baseline NRS and WCT can distinguish WCT accurately. Given the ease of grasping, it can probably be feasible to popularize as a routine diagnosis method for WCT in primary hospitals.

Aleteo auricular con conducción auriculoventricular 1: 1 descripción de un caso atrial / Flutter with 1: 1 atrioventricular conduction. case report

El aleteo auricular (AA) con conducción auriculoventricular 1:1 es una condición de presentación infrecuente en la práctica clínica, se da debido a diversos factores entre los cuales los más importantes son la presencia de vías accesorias concomitantes o uso de ciertos medicamentos antiarrítmicos, el AA con conducción 1 a 1 cuando se desarrolla constituye una emergencia médica ya que tiene una frecuencia cardíaca regular y presenta QRS ancho puede confundirse con una taquicardia ventricular. Cuando se presenta esta condición se produce frecuentemente inestabilidad hemodinámica del paciente, por lo que se debe hacer su diagnóstico y tratamiento a la brevedad posible. En el presente reporte presentamos el caso de un paciente previamente portador de marcapasos que desarrolla una taquicardia de QRS ancho regular, que se diagnostica finalmente como AA con conducción 1 a 1, tratado con fármacos antiarrítmicos en primera instancia, logrando disminuir la frecuencia cardíaca y posteriormente la reversión del mismo.

The atrial flutter (AF) with 1 to 1 atrio-ventricular (AV) conduction it's a rare medical condition secondary to several factors among which the most important are the association whit AV accessory pathways, or secondary to the use of some antiarrhythmic drugs. The AF with 1 to 1 AV conduction is a medical emergency and since it has a regular heart rate and presents wide QRS complex it can be confused with a ventricular tachycardia. When this condition occurs, it leads to hemodynamic instability of the patient, and that is why the diagnosis and treatment of this entity should be made as soon as possible. In the present report we present the case of a patient whit a previous pacemaker implantation who develops a regular wide QRS tachycardia, which is diagnosed as AF with 1 to 1 conduction and treated with antiarrhythmic drugs, first achieving a reduction in the heart rate and subsequently reaching its reversion

Preexcitation Syndrome with a Mahaim-type Accessory Pathway

Wide QRS complex tachycardia with a left bundle branch block pattern can be caused by supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction, preexcitation syndrome mediated through a right-sided accessory pathway, and/or ventricular tachycardia. The use of atrial pacing maneuvers can be beneficial for unmasking minimal preexcitation to differentiate between these conditions. Here, we report a case of successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of a Mahaim fiber in a patient with wide QRS complex tachycardia.

Analysis of 139 patients with wide QRS complex tachycardia in emergency departent / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the clinical characterics of 139 patients with wide QRS complex tachycardia.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 139 patients with QRS wave tachycardia treated by radiofrequency ablation at TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital.The patients were divided into supra-ventricular tachycardia with intra-ventricular aberrany group (group A,n =84) and ventricular tachycardia (group B,n =55).The clinical data,electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic features between the two groups were compared.Results There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of gender,height,weight and ventricular rate (P ＞ 0.05).The difference in the course of disease,blood pressure,age,QRS duration,left ventricular diameter by echocardiography and ejection fraction was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Radiofrequency ablation result showed that 81 (96.4％) cases were successful in group A,and 37 (67.3％) cases were successful in group B.The difference in the success rate was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).After 1 year of follow-up,4 (2.9％) cases in group A were recurred,13 (23.6％) cases in group B were recurred.The difference in the recurrence rate was statistically significant.Conclusion The wide QRS wave tachycardia is often accompanied with left ventricular diameter enlargement and left ventricular ejection fraction reduction,The success rate of radiofrequency ablation is low,and the recurrence rate is high when diagnosis is ventricular tachycardia.

Taquicardia de complejos QRS anchos y patrón morfológico de "aberración" / Wide QRS complex tachycardia and morphological pattern of "aberration"

ResumenSe presenta el caso de un paciente portador de enfermedad arterial coronaria que presentó varios episodios de taqui cardia regular de complejos anchos, de múltiples morfologías. Se discute el diagnóstico electrocardiográfico diferencial.

AbstractWe present the case of a coronary artery disease patient who presented with several episodes of regular wide complex tachycardia with multiple morphologies. Differential electrocardiographic diagnosis is discussed.

Analysis of esoPhageal electro Physiological examination of 12 wide QRS comPlex with tachycardia / 中国综合临床

Objective To identify the charactor of wide QRS complex tachycardia( WCT)throuGh transesophaGeal atrial pacinG( TEAP ). Methods TEAP and intracadiac electrophysioloGical examination infoamation of l2 cases WCT were collected and analyzed from January to February in 20l2 of Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital. Results Comparison of TEAP and intracadiac electrophysioloGical examination showed that l0 in l2 patients were match. Conclusion TEAP is a rapid and convenient method to diaGnose most WCT.

Acute Propafenone Toxicity Discovered after Unknown Onset of Symptoms.

Propafenone is a class 1C antiarrhythmic with sodium channel and beta blocking properties. At toxic doses it causes wide range of arrhythmias including cardiac conduction abnormalities, AV block and prolongation of QRS complexes that may be fatal. In this paper we report a young female patient who had unstable hemodynamic condition due to propafenone ingestion estimated to be 6000 mgr and successfully treated with bicarbonate therapy. Bicarbonate therapy seems to be effective in propafenone intoxication and emergency physicians might be familiar to sodium channel blocking agent toxidromes and potential benefits of bicarbonate administration.

Wide QRS tachycardia during treatment with class ic antiarrhythmic agents in a patient with atrial fibrillation: report of 2 cases / 대한내과학회지

Wide QRS tachycardia may represent a rare proarrhythmic effect of some antiarrhythmic agents. Class Ic antiarrhythmic agents produce rate- dependent ventricular conduction slowing due to use-dependent sodium channel blockade, causing QRS prolongation in cases with an increased heart rate. The authors describe two cases of atrial flutter with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction exhibiting a wide QRS tachycardia while on therapy using flecainide and propafenone, and the difficulty in interpreting the ECG.

Wide QRS tachycardia during treatment with class ic antiarrhythmic agents in a patient with atrial fibrillation: report of 2 cases / 대한내과학회지

Wide QRS tachycardia may represent a rare proarrhythmic effect of some antiarrhythmic agents. Class Ic antiarrhythmic agents produce rate- dependent ventricular conduction slowing due to use-dependent sodium channel blockade, causing QRS prolongation in cases with an increased heart rate. The authors describe two cases of atrial flutter with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction exhibiting a wide QRS tachycardia while on therapy using flecainide and propafenone, and the difficulty in interpreting the ECG.

Differential Diagnosis of Wide QRS Tachycardia by Electrocardiogram

The criteria for differentiation of wide QRS tachycardias by electrocardiogram were evaluated in 24 cases of ventricular tachycardia(VT) and 8 cases of supraventricular tachycardia with wide QRS of various causes. There were some differences in Koreans from western countries due to plenity of idiopathic ventricular tachycardias(VTs) and infrequency of VTs by ischemic heart diseases. The characteristics were as follows : 1) Heart rate, QRS duration, QRS axis, distribution of RBBB and LBBB patterns, and QRS configurations of V1 and V6 leads were of limited values for differentiation of wide QRS tachycardias. 2) AV dissociation with or without capture beat and fusion bear was found in 63 % of VTs and very useful for differential diagnosis. Concordance of precordial leads was not frequently noted(2 cases) and and usually favored VT. 3) In LBBB patterns, notching of S wave, interval from Q wave to nadir of S wave greater than or equal to 60 msec, and R wave duration greater than or equal to 30 msec in V1 or V2 lead were present in 60%, 90%, and 29% of VTs respectively. The findings were also noted in accessory pathway conduction of supraventricular tachycardia. 4) Electrical alternans was present in 71% of VTs but also found in accessory pathway conduction of atrial fibrillation.