Résumé
Subjects evaluated by percentage body fat as obese, even though they are normal evaluated by BMI (calculated by height and weight), have recently come to be referred to as‘masked obesity’cases. The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of anthropometry and physical fitness between controls (20≤BMI<24, percent fat: men<20%, women<30%) and masked obesity (20≤BMI<24, percent fat: men≥20%, women≥30%) cases among young men and women. Subjects included 1985 unversity students among which 1278 were men (age 18.7 ± 0.9 yr) and 707 were women (age 18.6± 1.1 yr) . They performed anthropometry and physical fitness tests. Percentage body fat was calculated from the skinfold thickness of triceps and subscapula. Masked obesity showed up in 5.4% (69 persons) of men and 13.6% (96 persons) of women. The percentage of women with masked obesity was about 2.5 times higher than men. Furthermore, the percentage of masked obesity cases among obese subjects was 30.4% (69/227 persons) of men, and 66.2% (96/145 persons) of women. This value of women was about 2.2 times higher than men. Comparisons of values of control subjects and masked obese subjects were carried out in each BMI group (above 20, BMI 20-group ; above 21, BMI 21-group ; above 22, BMI 22-group; above 23, BMI 23-group) of men and women respectively. For anthropometry in women, the waist and waist-hip ratio of masked obesity cases of the BMI 21 and 22-groups were significantly higher than those of the controls. However the same trend was not found in men. For physical fitness in men, back strength of masked obesity cases in the BMI 20 and 23-groups, and 50 m dash in the BMI 20, 21, 23-groups were inferior to those of the controls. However the same trend was not found in women. These results suggest that masked obesity in women existed 2.5 times more often in men, and women have larger waists and men were inferior in muscle strength and power in comparison with non-obese subjects.
Résumé
A study was conducted to examine sex differences in subjective symptoms of fatigue in men and women with reference to the experience of awareness and cognitive appraisal based on symptom of fatigue content. A total of 54 questionnaire items were administered to 730 people (290 men and 440 women) . The subjects indicated whether or not they were aware of the content, and to what degree the content of the question for each item was important. Sex differences in the response to the ratio of awareness and the degree of importance were then. The mean importance scores for subjective symptoms of fatigue in men and women were 3.9-5.4 and 4.5-5.6, respectively. It was found that a majority of the men and women showed awareness of each item. A significant difference was recognized in the factor of awareness in all items as a result of two-way ANOVA of the degree of importance by which the presence of awareness and its sex difference were assumed to be factors, and those who were aware deemed the degree of importance high. On the other hand, the 28 items for which a significant sex difference was recognized showed a high value, and there was a marked content of Languor, Loss of Vigor, and A Feeling of Impatience and Physical Disintegration in women. In the same items, it was inferred that persons who were more aware than the persons who were not aware regarded subjective symptoms of fatigue as important. Most items in which a main effect of sex was recognized were content of Loss of Vigor and a Feeling of Impatience and Physical Disintegration. It was thought that women considered these symptoms more important than men. The sex difference in symptoms of fatigue was inferred to be due to the difference in the level of acknowledgment based on experienced knowledge.