Left lateral intercostal region versus subxiphoid position for pleural drain during elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery: randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The pleural drain insertion site after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery may alter lung function, especially respiratory muscle strength. The main objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of use of the left lateral intercostal region versus the subxiphoid position for pleural drainage during elective CABG surgery using extracorporeal circulation (ECC). DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized trial conducted in a tertiary-level hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil. METHODS: 48 patients were assigned to group 1 (pleural drain in the left lateral intercostal region) or group 2 (pleural drain in the subxiphoid position). Respiratory muscle strength was measured in terms of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), in cmH2O, by means of manovacuometry preoperatively, 24 and 72 hours after drain removal and before discharge from hospital. Painand dyspnea scales, presence of infections, pleural effusion and atelectasis, duration of drain use, drainage volumes and surgical reinterventions were also evaluated. RESULTS: After adjustments, there were no significant differences between the groups at the end of the study (before discharge), in predicted percentages either for MIP (delta group 1: -17.21% versus delta group 2: -22.26%; P = 0.09) or for MEP (delta group 1: -9.38% versus delta group 2: -13.13%; P = 0.17). Therewere no differences between the groups in relation to other outcomes. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in maximal respiratory pressures in relation to the pleural drain insertion site among patients who underwent CABG surgery using ECC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ReBEc V1111.1159.4447.

Pleural subxyphoid drain confers better pulmonary function and clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized controlled trial / Dreno pleural subxifoide confere melhor função pulmonar e resultados clínicos na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica após cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica sem circulação extracorpórea: ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado

Objective: To evaluate the lung function and clinical outcome in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with left internal thoracic artery graft, comparing the pleural drain insertion in the intercostal versus subxyphoid region. Methods: A randomized controlled trial. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients were randomized into two groups according pleural drain site: II group (n=27) - pleural drain in intercostal space; SI group (n=29) - pleural drain in the subxyphoid region. Spirometry values (Forced Vital Capacity - and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second) were obtained on preoperative and 1, 3 and 5 postoperative days. Chest x-ray from preoperative until postoperative day 5 (POD5) was performed for monitoring respiratory events, such as atelectasis and pleural effusion. Pulmonary shunt fraction and pain score was evaluate preoperatively and on postoperative day 1. Results: In both groups there was a significant decrease of the spirometry values (Forced Vital Capacity and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second) until POD5 (P<0.05). However, when compared, SI group presented less decrease in these parameters (P<0.05). Pulmonary shunt fraction was significantly lower in SI group (P<0.05). Respiratory events, pain score, orotracheal intubation time and postoperative length of hospital stay were lower in the SI group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Subxyphoid pleural drainage in severe Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients determined better preservation and recovery of pulmonary capacity and volumes with lower pulmonary shunt fraction and better clinical outcomes on early postoperative off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. .

Objetivo: Avaliar a função pulmonar e os resultados clínicos em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica grave submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio sem circulação extracorpórea, com enxerto da artéria torácica interna esquerda, comparando a inserção do dreno pleural intercostal versus subxifoide. Métodos: Estudo clínico, controlado e randomizado. Pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica foram randomizados em dois grupos de acordo com a posição do dreno pleural: grupo II (n=27) - dreno pleural intercostal; grupo IS (n=29) - dreno pleural na região subxifóide. Os valores espirométricos (Capacidade Vital Forçada e Volume expiratório forçado no 1 segundo) foram obtidos no pré-operatório, e no 1º, 3º e 5º dias de pós-operatório. Foi realizada radiografia de tórax no préoperatório até o 5º dia pós-operatório (5PO) para monitoração de eventos respiratórios, como atelectasia e derrame pleural. A fração de shunt pulmonar e a escala de dor foram avaliadas no 1º dia pós-operatório. Resultados: Em ambos os grupos houve queda significativa dos valores espirométricos (Capacidade Vital Forçada e Volume expiratório forçado no 1 segundo) até o 5PO (P<0.05), porém, quando comparados, o grupo IS apresentou menor queda destes parâmetros (P<0.05). A fração de shunt pulmonar foi significativamente menor no grupo IS (P<0.05). Os eventos respiratórios, escala da dor, tempo de intubação orotraqueal e dias internação hospitalar no pós-operatório foram menores no grupo IS (P<0.05). Conclusão: Drenagem pleural subxifoide em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica grave determinou melhor preservação e recuperação dos volumes e capacidades pulmonares, com menor fração de shunt pulmonar e melhores resultados clínicos no pós-operatório precoce de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio sem circulação extracorpórea. .

Análise de risco sócio-ambiental para comprometimento pleural na pneumonia grave em crianças menores de 5 anos / Analysis of social and environmental risk for pleural involvement in severe pneumonia in children younger than 5 years of age

OBJETIVO: Determinar fatores de risco sócio-ambientais associados ao desenvolvimento de comprometimento pleural em crianças de 3 a 59 meses internadas com pneumonia grave em um hospital do Nordeste brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo, com componente analítico. Foram avaliados 154 pacientes hospitalizados com pneumonia grave, com ou sem comprometimento pleural. O comprometimento pleural foi definido segundo achados radiológicos. As seguintes variáveis sócio-ambientais foram analisadas: faixa etária, sexo, local de residência, condições do domicílio, freqüência à creche, fumo passivo, renda familiar, presença de bens de consumo, escolaridade e trabalho extra-domiciliar da mãe ou responsável pela criança. As informações foram obtidas através de entrevistas com o responsável pelo paciente ou consulta ao prontuário médico durante a hospitalização. RESULTADOS: A freqüência de comprometimento pleural foi de 25,3 por cento. Os seguintes fatores foram associados à ocorrência de comprometimento pleural: residência em zona rural, dois cômodos ou menos no domicílio, renda familiar mensal inferior a 170 dólares e peso de nascimento <2 500 g. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados sugerem a necessidade de priorizar a melhoria das condições socioeconômicas e de moradia da população mais carente, principalmente aquela oriunda do meio rural. O setor saúde deve enfatizar a atenção primária, com enfoque preventivo desde o período pré-natal.

Intrapleural bleomycin in the management of malignant pleural effusion

This retrospective study included 20 patients with malignant pleural effusion [MPEs], from breast and bronchogenic carcinoma who attended at NEMROCK over one-year period [1995-1996]. All patients underwent simple aspiration followed by intrapleural instillation of 60 mg bleomycine dissolved in 100 ml saline that would be repeated 2-3 times. The overall response rate was 70%. 60% had complete remission, no response was observed in 30% of the cases. The procedure is convenient and safe with low toxicity, requiring no hospitalization and can be given to immunocompromised patients and those who are under systemic chemotherapy

Valor da determinação da atividade da adenosina desaminase no diagnóstico diferencial dos derrames pleurais / Value of determining the activity of adenosine deaminase in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusions

Justificativa: Derrame pleural é um problema frequentemente encontrado na prática clínica. Enquanto o derrame pleural transudativo geralmente não apresenta dificuldade no iagnóstico,as efusões exsudativas necessitam de um diagnóstico diferencial cuidadoso que inclui necessariamente tuberculose e neoplasia metastática para a pleura.Métodos: Num estudo transversal, foram estudados 221 pacientes consecutivos, com derrame pleural persistente e/ou não esclarecido, em um hospital de referência para doenças respiratórias na rede pública estadual, com o objetivo de avaliar a acurácia da determinação da atividade da adenosina desaminase (ADA)...

Intrapleural bleomycin in malignant pleural effusion

This study included twenty patients with malignant pleural effusion, proved with fluid cytology and/or pleural biopsy. The primary tumour was lung cancer in 8 cases, lymphoma in 2 cases, breast in 6 cases, ovary in one case and the primary site was undefined in 3 cases. A tube drainage over 24 hours was performed followed by introduction into the pleural cavity of 100 ml saline containing 90 mg bleomycin and the tube was clamped for 24 hours before drainage of the residual fluid. The response rate was achieved by serial follow-up X ray chest and ultrasound examination to detect the amount of pleural effusion. It was defined as no recurrence of effusion or asymptomatic recurrence of effusion not requiring aspiration for greater than 30 days. The overall response rate was 70 percent. The side effects were pain in8 cases [40 percent], fever in 6 cases [30 percent] and gastrointestinal symptoms in 4 cases [20 percent]. It is concluded that tube drainages with local application of bleomycin is an effective and safe method in the control of rapid recurrent malignant pleural effusion