Probable causal link between epilepsy and sleep apnea: case report

Patients with epilepsy were reported to have concomitant sleep apnea, but it has been rarely linked to the epilepsy itself. We present a case of a 28-year-old, obese man with secondary medically resistant partial complex epilepsy due to a brain trauma, with progressive snoring, and sleep agitation, apneas, and important daytime somnolence. It was noticed in the polysomnographic study that he had several sleep respiratory events, probably due both to the epileptic seizures and the sleep apnea syndrome as a co-morbidity. Apnea and epilepsy will be discussed. A careful video-EEG-polysomnography study is important in evaluating refractory epileptic patients and/or epileptic patients with snoring.

Pacientes com epilepsia e concomitante apnéia do sono já foram descritos na literatura, mas raramente foram associados à epilepsia como fator causal desta apnéia. Nós apresentamos o caso de um homem com 28 anos, obeso, com epilepsia parcial complexa farmacorresistente secundária a trauma crânio encefálico e roncos progressivos, sono agitado, apnéias, além de importante sonolência diurna. Foram observados, durante estudo polissonográfico, freqüentes eventos respiratórios durante o sono, provavelmente secundários a crise epilética, além da síndrome de apnéia obstrutiva do sono como uma co-morbidade. Um exame cuidadoso de vídeo-EEG-polissonografia do caso é importante na avaliação de pacientes com epilepsia fármaco resistente e/ou epilépticos com roncos.

Lesão transitória no esplênio do corpo caloso em criança epiléptica com glioma cerebral de baixo grau / Transient lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum in epileptic child with cerebral low grade glioma

Trata-se do relato de caso de menino de sete anos com crises epilépticas parciais complexas secundárias à presença de glioma de baixo grau em região fronto-temporal esquerda, cuja ressonância magnética evidenciou, lesão transitória focal do esplênio do corpo caloso. A revisão bibliográfica através de pesquisa no database MedLine resultou no encontro de descrição de lesão transitória do esplênio do corpo caloso foi relatada em três estudos anteriores, em pacientes portadores de epilepsia. Portanto, a lesão transitória observada no corpo caloso desta criança, provavelmente, tem correlação com as crises epilépticas do lobo temporal e não à presença do glioma de baixo grau cerebral.

Recurrent seizures: an unusual manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency.

The present report highlights an unusual presentation of vitamin B12 deficiency--recurrent seizures in a 26-year-old man. His symptoms responded to parenteral vitamin B12 therapy. The relevant literature is reviewed.

Complex partial seizures and aphasia as initial manifestations of non-ketotic hyperglycemia: case report

We describe a case of non-ketotic hyperglycemia (NKH), heralded by complex partial seizures and aphasia of epileptic origin, besides versive and partial motor seizures. This clinical picture was accompanied by left fronto-temporal spikes in the EEG. The seizures were controlled by carbamazepine only after the control of the diabetes. A month later, carbamazepine was discontinued. The patient remained without seizures, with normal language, using only glybenclamide. Complex partial seizures, opposed to simple partial seizures, are rarely described in association to NKH. Epileptic activity localized over language regions can manifest as aphasia.

High doses of carbamazepine for refractory partial epilepsy

Forty-eight patients with partial seizures were analysed during treatment with 1200 mg/d or more of carabamazepine (CBZ). Thirty-three were on monotherapy and fifteen on polytherapy. The other drugs, were kept unchanged in the patients on polytherapy. The dose of CBZ was increased if no control was observed and the patient had no side effects. The doses used ranged between 1200 and 1900 mg/day 91200 mg/day, n=18; 1300 mg/day, n=l: 1400 mg/day, n=7: 1600 mg/day, n=9; 1700 mg/day, n=4; 1800 mg/day, n=8; 1900 mg/day, n=1). Anticonvulsant plasma levels were taken to confirm patient compliance. The average plasma level was 9.6 ug/mL. The period of follow up varied from 3 to 96 months (M=25,6). Seizure's control was observed in 7 (14.48 per cent) patients taking 1200 mg/day and in 2 (4.16 per cent patients taking 1400 mg/day of CBZ. Thirty-nine patients did not show any control (81.21 per cent). Ten patients (20.81 per cent) had signs of intoxication. When patients have no improvement with 1400 mg/day, it is difficult to obtain any control despite the use of higher doses of CBZ, which frequently expose the patient to signiflcant side effects.