Uso de abreviaturas nos registros de enfermagem em um hospital de ensino / Use of abbreviations in the nursing records of a teaching hospital

Avaliar a utilização de abreviaturas nos registros de enfermagem de um hospital de ensino descrevendoseu perfil nos diferentes setores, turnos de trabalho e categorias profissionais de enfermagem. Métodos: estudodocumental analisou 627 registros de enfermagem em 24 prontuários utilizando um roteiro de observaçãosistematizado. Resultados: foram identificadas 1.792 abreviaturas, sendo 35,8% não padronizadas. A incidênciade abreviaturas foi maior na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, utilizadas pelos enfermeiros e no período noturno.Conclusão: abreviaturas fazem parte do cotidiano dos registros de enfermagem. O uso de abreviaturas nãopadronizadas dificulta a compreensão do conteúdo do registro e pode gerar interpretações equivocadas ecolocar em risco a segurança do usuário, além de comprometer a continuidade do trabalho laboral...

Prolonged Tp-e Interval, Tp-e/QT Ratio and Tp-e/QTc Ratio in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Cardiac electrical inhomogeneity may be the leading cause of the increased arrhythmic risk in patients with T2DM. The peak and the end of the T wave (Tp-e) interval and associated Tp-e/QT ratio are promising measures of ventricular repolarization indicating transmural dispersion of repolarization. The aim of this study was to assess ventricular repolarization in patients with T2DM by using Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/corrected QT interval (QTc) ratio. METHODS: Forty-three patients with T2DM and 43 healthy control subjects, matched by gender and age, were studied. All participants underwent electrocardiography (ECG) recording. PR, RR and QT intervals represents the ECG intervals. These are not abbreviations. In all literature these ECG intervals are written like in this text. Tp-e intervals were measured from 12-lead ECG. Rate QTc was calculated by using the Bazett's formula. Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio were also calculated. RESULTS: Mean Tp-e interval was significantly prolonged in patients with T2DM compared to controls (79.4±10.3, 66.4±8.1 ms, respectively; P<0.001). We also found significantly higher values of Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio in patients with diabetes than controls (0.21±0.03, 0.17±0.02 and 0.19±0.02, 0.16±0.02, respectively; P<0.001). There was no difference in terms of the other ECG parameters between the groups. CONCLUSION: Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio were prolonged in patients with T2DM. We concluded that T2DM leads to augmentation of transmural dispersion of repolarization suggesting increased risk for ventricular arrhythmogenesis.

Effect of extramucin pools in gastric cancer patients

PURPOSE: Mucinous gastric adenocarcinoma (MGC) is defined by the World Health Organization as a gastric adenocarcinoma with >50% extracellular mucin pools within the tumors. In this study, we attempted to analyze the clinicopathologic features of patients pathologically diagnosed as gastric cancer with lower than 50% tumor volume of extracellular mucin pool adenocarcinoma (LEMPC). We compared MGC versus nonmucinous gastric adenocarcinoma (NMGC). We were used in abbreviations LEMPC for NMGC including extracellular mucin pool. METHODS: Files of 995 patients with gastric cancer NMGC (n = 935), MGC (n = 20), LEMPC (n = 40) who underwent curative resection at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital from December 2008 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All pathologic reports after curative resection and evaluated clinicopathologic features were reviewed to identify the effect of extracellular mucin pools in gastric cancer. RESULTS: Compared with the NMGC patients, the clinicopathological features of MGC patients were as follows: more frequent open surgery, larger tumor size, more advanced T stage and N stage, more positive lymph node metastasis, and perineural invasion. LEMPC patients showed similar features compared with NMGC patients. MGC and LEMPC patients showed similar clinicopathological features, except T stage and lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: LEMPC can be thought of as a previous step of MGC. It is reasonable to consider LEMPC patients in the diagnostic criteria of MGC, and to adequately treat.

Dangerous and unapproved abbreviations at a joint commission international accredited hospital in Saudi Arabia

Abbreviations which resulted in harmful patient errors or death are termed dangerous abbreviations. These abbreviations were included in The Joint Commission "Do Not Use" list of abbreviations launched in May 2005. The aim of the present study is to assess physicians' and nurses' use of unapproved and dangerous abbreviations and to explore physicians' and nurses' opinion regarding the use of these abbreviations. The study was conducted in a Joint Commission International [JCI] accredited hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Two study designs were used: retrospective descriptive and cross-sectional descriptive. Data were collected through reviewing 384 paper records and distributing a questionnaire to a random sample of 58 physicians and nurses. The study revealed that the average number of dangerous abbreviations per record was 2.2 while the average number of unapproved abbreviations per record was 1 .96. The most frequent dangerous abbreviation reported in the present study was Discharge/Discontinue D/C accounting for 73% of the total identified dangerous abbreviations for both physicians and nurses. The ability of physicians and nurses to correctly identify the meaning of the most commonly used dangerous abbreviation and unapproved abbreviation ranged between 37.9% and 69.0%. The study revealed high use of dangerous and unapproved abbreviations at the study hospital. Few dangerous abbreviations constitute the majority of identified abbreviations. A quality improvement intervention needs to be instituted to reduce abbreviation use at the study hospital

Abreviações médicas em urologia e cirurgia pediátrica: um estudo comparativo de formações regulares com as existentes na linguagem médica / Medical abbreviations in pediatric urulogy and pediatric surgery: a comparative study on regular formations and current ones in the medical language

É comum o uso de abreviações em medicina. Contudo, numerosas formações existentes na linguagem médica são questionáveis por se desviarem das normas segundo o registro gramatical normativo. Como formas de redução, existem siglas, abreviaturas e símbolos. Como norma, as siglas são formadas pelo conjunto das letras iniciais dos nomes que compõem uma expressão e abreviatura formação feita com a primeira sílaba da palavra, seguida da consoante inicial da sílaba seguinte, seguida de ponto: art. (artigo), lab. (laboratório), lat. (latim), jul. (julho). Símbolos são abreviações desprovidas de ponto abreviativo e de indicação de plural. É comum a formação de siglas a abreviaturas com utilização das letras iniciais de componentes vocabulares como em ECG (eletrocardiograma), Hgb (hemoglobina), cça (criança). Os autores apresentam um breve glossário de reduções de termos médicos em que se comparam as formas regulares com as formas comumente usadas. Foram escolhidos textos de urologia pediátrica como exemplário específico. Conclui-se que, embora as formas existentes na linguagem médica sejam legítimas por seu amplo uso, convém observar as formações regulares para seu uso em relatos científicos formais sempre que for possível.

The usage of abbreviations in the medical language is very common. However, a plenty of formations existing in the medical language is questionable because they are off the norms as normative gramatical register. As reduction forms, there are sigles, abbreviations and symbols. As a rule, the sigles are formed by a conjuntion of inicial letters of the terms which make up an expression and the abbreviation is a formation made up with the first syllab of the word, which is followed by the first consonant of the next syllab and a period: art. (article), lab. (laboratory), lat. (latin), Jul. (July). Symbols are abbreviations without abbreviative period or plural indications. It is usual the formation of sigles and abbreviations with utilization of the inicial letters of vocabular compounds as in ECG (eletrocardiogram), Hgb (hemoglobin), cça (criança). The authors present a brief glossary of reductions of medical terms in which the regular forms are comproved ordinarilly used forms. Texts on pediatric urology were chosen as an especific exemplary. One conclude that, although the existing forms in the medical language are legitimate as to their wide usage, is convenient to observe the regular formations because of its usage in the cientific formal reports whenever it is possible.

Practical Guide to Medical English Abbreviation

Currently we are living in an era of abbreviations. In almost every field of modern societies including government, military, hi-tech areas, and especially Internet communications, linguistic shortcuts have ever grown fast and furiously. Abbreviated words may save time and space and energy, however, may cause confusion and errors. These shortened forms of words or phrases include acronyms, clippings, contractions, blends, symbols and some slangs. Traditionally healthcare fields using rather a long terminology have utilized abbreviations and symbols in repeated and busy practices as well as in medical writings. Here how to make and use abbreviations especially in the field of medicine is reviewed and discussed. In order to coin a new abbreviation in a manuscript, it is advisable to follow certain principles to make an acceptable shortened form.

A Case of Anterior Pituitary Agenesis in an Adult Woman / 대한내분비학회지

Dear Author, You have used abbreviations that will need to be defined in the main paper, i.e. PIT1, PROP1 and MRI. This is just for your advice. Pituitary agenesis is an uncommon cause of panhypopituitarism. It has been proposed that breech delivery, or birth trauma, is a major factor causing pituitary agenesis. Recent studies have suggested that genetic defects in the PIT1 or PROP1 gene might be involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary agenesis. In this case we report on the diagnosis of a 33-years old female patient with-growth retardation and sexual infantilism. We diagnosed anterior pituitary hormones deficiencies, with the exception of adrenocorticotropic hormone, by a combined pituitary stimulation test. We observed pituitary agenesis using sella MRI. Involvement of the PIT1 or PROP1 genes in this case remains to be determined. Here we report a case of pituitary agenesis found in an adult woman together with a brief review about this disease entity.

Molecular Mechanisms of Neutrophil Activation in Acute Lung Injury / 결핵

ABBREVIATIONS: Akt/PKB protein kinase B, ALI acute lung injury, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, CREB C-AMP response element binding protein, ERK extracelluar signal-related kinase, fMLP fMet-Leu-Phe, G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL interleukin, ILK integrin-linked kinase, JNK Jun N-terminal kinase, LPS lipopolysaccharide, MAP mitogen-activated protein, MEK MAP/ERK kinase, MIP-2 macrophage inflammatory protein-2, MMP matrix metalloproteinase, MPO myeloperoxidase, NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NE neutrophil elastase, NF-kappaB nuclear factor-kappa B, NOS nitric oxide synthase, p38 MAPK p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, PAF platelet activating factor, PAKs p21-activated kinases, PMN polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PI3-K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PyK proline-rich tyrosine kinase, ROS reactive oxygen species, TNF-alpha tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertriglyceridemic and stimulatory effect on glucose transporter 4 mRNA appearance of hydrolysable tannins(Rosanin) of the rosa rugosa root in the streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: The root of the plant Rosa rugosa has been reported to have an anti- hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effect in experimental animals. But its definite anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic substance has not yet been identified. In this study, we found the hydrolysable tannins of the hot water extract of the Rosa rugosa root had those effects, and named it as Rosanin. And its mode of actions were evaluated. METHODS: Three groups of streptozotocin-injected rats and two groups of buffer-injected control rats were given 10 mg/Kg/ml of Rosanin, or glibenclamide, or water by nasogastric tubes for three weeks. Blood sugar, insulin, triglyceride and GLUT4 mRNA levels were checked in the fasting state. Liver, kidney and pancreatic specimens were observed by light microscopy. RESULTS: All the water-treated, glibenclamide-treated and Rosanin-treated diabetic rats had significantly higher blood sugar levels compared to that of normal control rats (p4 gulcoside bonds and phenolic acids, such as ellagic and gallic acid1).

Screening of Antiviral Activities of Korean Medicinal Herbs and Traditional Prescriptions Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1

In order to search for anti-Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 agents from Korean medicinal herbs and Korean traditional prescriptions (herb complexes), we selected 80 medicinal herbs and 45 prescriptions, based on a review of the Korean traditional medicine books. Both methanol extracts and boiling-water extracts were tested by means of the MTT assay (tetrazolium based colorimetric assay). Ten of the 125 methanol extracts: CM-11, CM-18, CM-19, CM-21, CM-22, CM-39, MM-3, MM-18, MM-29, MM-73 (see explanation of nomenclature below), showed efficacy against HSV-1. Twelve of the water extracts: CW-2, CW-3-I, CW-3-II, CW-18, MW-3, MW-5 MW-6, MW-12, MW-47, MW-69, MW-73 and MW-75 were active. #3 (individual herb) and #73 (individual herb) were interesting because both water and methanol extracts were active. Especially, #3 is a part of composition of Hong-il-laksamd ngbang and Hojanghaedokt'ang which have anti-HSV-1 activitives. The SI value of MW-69 and CW-18 was relative high as 10.2+/-0.7 and 11.8+/-2.2. The cytotoxic effect on Vero cells of Panch' n-ch' ngbang, Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlst. and acycloguanosine was determined by MTT assay. Water extracts of Panch' ngch' ngbang (prescription) and Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlst. showed very weak cytotoxic effects on Vero cells at > 100 mug/ml but acycloguanosine showed strong cytotoxic effects on Vero cells at > 100 mu g/ml. As a result, #3, #73, MW-69 and CW-18 are considered as potentially useful for anti-HSV-1 agent and will be the focus of further research. Abbreviations: CM - methanol extracts of traditional prescriptions; CW - water extracts of traditional prescriptions; MM - methanol extracts of individual herbs; MW - water extracts of individual herbs.

Instructions to Contributors and References of Articles Published in the Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society(Vol. 1-20)

The author reviewed references of the articles published in the Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society(J Kor Neurosurg Soc), which is the only official journal of the Korean Neurosurgical Society. The number and descriptive methods of the references, and the instructions to contributors were studied. Some faults in the articles and the instructions were pointed out to improve the journal. Overall, 555 articles(30.0%) referenced articles published in the J Kor Neurosurg Soc. The number of referenced articles publishted in the journal was 1,223. The ratio of referenced articles published in the J Kor Neurosurg Soc to the total number of references was 3.0%. The number of the articles referencing articles published in the J Kor Neurosurg Soc was one in Volume 2, but it became 64 in Volume 17. Such tendency to increase seems to be continued. However, descriptive methods of references and the abbreviations of the journals were extremely variable. For the consistant reference, some correction of the instructions were proposed.

Las abreviaturas en la historia clínica / Abbreviations on clinical records

El empleo de las abreviaturas en la elaboración de la historia médica se ha extendido de tal manera que muchas veces la comprensión de las notas excritas pueden ser confusas para el lector que no esté acostumbrado a interpretar un conjunto de palabras acortadas, cuyo significado sólo es bien conocido por los miembros de una determinada especialidad. Motivados con el espiritu de corregir, por nuestra parte, estas imperfecciones, realizamos este trabajo, con el objeto de conocer el alcance de las abreviaciones en las historias del Hospital, haciendo una revisión de las mismas, que incluyó a todos aquellos Servicios y Departamentos que ingresan enfermos en las salas de hospitalización. Los resultados arrojan que en cada admisión existe una plétora de abreviaturas, signos, simbolos y señales utilizados desmedidamente. Abreviar los diagnósticos de ingreso y egreso trae como consecuencia una certificación de egreso equivocada, un código de clasificación erróneo y posibles fallas en la investigación médica dentro de la Institución, entre otras cosas. Se hacen recomendaciones