Retrospective clinical study of hip replacement in the treatment of traumatic arthritis secondary to acetabular fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical effect of total hip replacement (THA) in the treatment of traumatic arthritis secondary to acetabular fracture.@*METHODS@#From October 2019 to June 2022, 15 patients with secondary traumatic arthritis of acetabulum fracture were treated with THA. There were 8 males and 7 females, aged from 40 to 76 years old with an average of (59.20±9.46) years old. Prosthesis loosening, dislocation of hip joint, range of motion of hip joint, nerve injury and other conditions were recorded before and after surgery. Harris score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and imaging were used to evaluate hip joint function and surgical effect.@*RESULTS@#Follow-up time ranged 6 to 39 months with an average of (18.33±9.27) months. All the 15 patients successfully completed the operation, no nerve and blood vessel injury during the operation, postoperative wound healing was stageⅠ, no infection, one case of acetabular side prosthesis loosening at half a year after operation, and recovered well after revision surgery, one case of hip dislocation was cured after open reduction treatment, no adverse consequences. Harris score at the last postoperative follow-up was (88.60±4.01) points, compared with the preoperative (47.20±11.77) points, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and VAS at the lateat postoperative follow-up was 1 (1) points, compared with the preoperative 8 (2) points, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the pain symptoms were relieved or disappeared, and the joint function was satisfactory. The imaging data of the latest follow-up showed joint was well pseudoradiated, no abnormal ossification occurred, and the prosthesis was not loose.@*CONCLUSION@#THA is effective in the treatment of traumatic arthritis secondary to acetabular fracture and can effectively improve the quality of life of patients. Preoperative comprehensive evaluation and bone defect evaluation of patients, and intraoperative management of acetabulum, femur, internal fixation and bone defect are key factors for the success of surgery.

Single Kocher-Langenbeck approach combined with anterograde channel screw technique in treatment of acetabular transverse and posterior wall fractures / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the effectiveness of the single Kocher-Langenbeck approach combined with anterograde channel screw technique for the treatment of acetabular transverse and posterior wall fractures.@*METHODS@#Between March 2020 and October 2022, 17 cases of acetabular transverse and posterior wall fractures were treated with the single Kocher-Langenbeck approach combined with anterograde channel screw technique. There were 11 males and 6 females, with an average age of 53.6 years (range, 42-64 years). Causes of injury included traffic accident in 12 cases, and falling from height in 5 cases. The time from injury to operation ranged from 4 to 16 days with an average of 8.8 days. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and fluoroscopy frequency were recorded; X-ray films were reviewed regularly after operation to observe the fracture healing, and postoperative complications were recorded. At last follow-up, Matta score was used to evaluate the reduction of fracture, Harris score and modified Merle D'Aubigné-Postel scores system were used to evaluate the hip joint function.@*RESULTS@#The operation time was 150-230 minutes (mean, 185.9 minutes), the intraoperative blood loss was 385-520 mL (mean, 446.2 mL), and the fluoroscopy frequency was 18-34 times (mean, 27.5 times). Postoperative fat liquefaction occurred in 1 case and the other incisions healed by first intention; 3 cases had limb numbness after operation, and the symptoms disappeared after active symptomatic treatment; no urogenital system and intestinal injury occurred. All patients were followed up 12-28 months (mean, 19.9 months). Bone union was achieved in all cases with an average healing time of 10.8 weeks (range, 8-14 weeks). There was no complication such as loosening and breakage of internal fixators. At last follow-up, according to Matta score, 12 cases achieved anatomic reduction, 3 satisfactory reduction, and 2 fair reduction, the satisfactory rate was 88.2%; according to Harris hip function score, 12 cases were excellent, 3 good, and 2 fair, the excellent and good rate was 88.2%; according to the modified Merle D'Aubign Aubigné-Postel scoring system, the results were excellent in 11 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 3 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 82.4%.@*CONCLUSION@#The single Kocher-Langenbeck approach combined with anterograde channel screw technique is a minimally invasive method for the treatment of acetabular transverse and posterior wall fractures with less complications, simple operation, and satisfactory effectiveness.

Total hip arthroplasty for post-firearm hip arthritis complicated by coloarticular fistula: A case report / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Hip firearm injuries are rare injuries that could lead to serious complications, such as posttraumatic hip arthritis and coloarticular fistula. We report a case of a 25-year-old male who sustained a pelvic injury caused by a single bullet which led to a bilateral acetabular fracture, concomitant with a colon injury treated on an emergency basis by a diverting colostomy; acetabular fractures were treated conservatively by traction. After the patient recovered from the abdominal injury, he was presented with bilateral hip pain and limited motion; plain radiographs showed bilateral hip arthritis with proximal migration of the femoral head and bilateral acetabular defect classified as Paprosky type ⅢA. Reconstruction of the hips was performed using the same technique: impaction bone grafting for acetabular defect reconstruction and a reversed hybrid total hip arthroplasty (THA) 6 months apart. The patient presented with loosening of the left THA acetabular cup 3 years later, which was revised; then he presented with a discharging sinus from the left THA with suspicion of coloarticular fistula, which was confirmed using CT with contrast material. A temporary colostomy and fistula excision were performed, and a cement spacer was applied to the hip. After clearing the infection, a final revision THA for the left hip was performed. Treating post-firearm hip arthritis by THA is challenging, especially in the situation of neglected cases with the presence of an acetabular defect. Concomitant intestinal injury increases the risk of infection with the possibility of coloarticular fistula formation, which could present later. Working with a multidisciplinary team is paramount.

Reporte de caso de una niña de 9 años de edad con una fractura acetabular fisaria desplazada tratada quirúrgicamente: 5 años de seguimiento / Case report of an acetabular displaced physeal fracture in a 9-year-old girl treated surgically: follow-up of 5 years / Relato de caso de uma menina de 9 anos com fractura de acetábulo desviada tratada cirurgicamente: seguimento de 5 anos

Las fracturas acetabulares con compromiso del cartílago trirradiado (CTR) en pacientes pediátricos son muy poco frecuentes, difíciles de diagnosticar y complejas de tratar; pudiendo dejar graves secuelas. Generalmente son producto de accidentes de tránsito de alta energía cinética. Debido a su baja prevalencia no hay grandes series en la bibliografía y por ende tampoco existe un consenso terapéutico. Realizamos una puesta a punto del tema a propósito de un atípico caso de una niña de 9 años con una fractura del acetábulo con compromiso del CTR, producido por un traumatismo de baja energía cinética. Registramos su diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico, evaluamos su resultado clínico - radiológico y funcional mediante el Hip Harris Score (HHS) al final de su seguimiento de 5 años.

Acetabular fractures with compromise of the triradiate cartilage (TRC) in pediatric patients are very rare, difficult to diagnose and complex to treat, also can leave serious consequences. They are generally product of high energy kinematics. Due to its low prevalence, there are no large series in the literature and therefore there is no therapeutic consensus. We carried out a recapitulation of the subject regarding an atypical case of a 9-year-old girl with an acetabulum fracture with compromise of the TRC, produced by a low kinetic energy trauma. We recorded the diagnosis and surgical treatment, and also, we evaluated the clinical-radiological and functional results through the Hip Harris Score (HHS) at the end of their 5-year follow-up.

As fraturas acetabulares com compromisso da cartilagem trirradiada (TRC) em pacientes pediátricos são muito poco frecuentes, de difícil diagnóstico e complexas de tratar; e podem deixar sérias consequências. Geralmente são o produto de acidentes de trânsito de alta energia cinética. Devido à sua baixa prevalência, não há grandes séries na literatura e, portanto, não há consenso terapêutico. Realizamos uma atualização do tema referente a um caso atípico de uma menina de 9 anos com fratura de acetábulo com comprometimento do CTR, produzida por um trauma de baixa energia cinética. Registramos seu diagnóstico e tratamento cirúrgico, avaliamos seus resultados clínico-radiológicos e funcionais por meio do Hip Harris Score (HHS) ao final de seu seguimento de 5 anos.

Cadera flotante: análisis comparativo de resultados y lesiones asociadas / Floating hip: comparative analysis of outcomes and associated injuries

Objetivo: Describir los tiempos de internación, cirugía y rehabilitación de una serie de pacientes con cadera flotante. El objetivo secundario fue comparar los resultados obtenidos en función de la reinserción laboral con los de pacientes que sufrieron fracturas de pelvis o acetábulo sin fractura femoral asociada. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y multicéntrico de pacientes con trauma de pelvis y acetábulo de alta energía, divididos en dos grupos de estudio según la presencia de fractura de fémur asociada homolateral (cadera flotante) para su comparación, durante el período comprendido entre enero de 2014 y marzo de 2019. Resultados: Se incluyó a 102 pacientes con trauma de pelvis o acetábulo agrupados en 2 poblaciones según la presencia de cadera flotante (cadera flotante 23; pelvis/acetábulo 79). Las medianas de días de internación [cadera flotante 15,5 (rango 4-193); pelvis/acetábulo 7 (rango 3-31); p = 0,0001] y de la cantidad de cirugías por paciente [cadera flotante 5 (rango 3-8); pelvis/acetábulo 2 (rango 1-4); p = 0,0001] fueron mayores en los pacientes con cadera flotante. Además, la incapacidad laboral temporaria fue más alta (p = 0,00012), sin diferencias significativas en la tasa de recalificación laboral (p = 0,11). Conclusión: La asociación de la lesión cadera flotante aumentó significativamente el tiempo de internación, los procedimientos quirúrgicos necesarios y el tiempo de recuperación según la incapacidad laboral temporaria en pacientes con trauma de pelvis o acetábulo. Nivel de Evidencia: III

Objective: We aim to describe the lengths of hospitalization, surgery, and rehabilitation of a series of patients with floating hip. As a secondary objective, to compare the outcomes obtained in terms of return to work in patients who had suffered fractures of the pelvis or acetabulum without an associated femoral fracture. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, retrospective, and multicenter study of patients with high-energy trauma to the pelvis and acetabulum divided into two study populations according to the presence of associated ipsilateral femur fracture (floating hip) for comparison, during the period January 2014 - March 2019. Results: 102 patients with pelvis and/or acetabulum trauma were included, grouped into 2 populations according to the presence of a float-ing hip (Floating hip: 23 patients; Pelvis/acetabulum: 79 patients). The median days of hospitalization [floating hip: median = 15.5 (range = 4-193); pelvis/acetabulum: 7 (3-31); p = 0.0001] and the number of surgeries per patient [FH: median = 5 (range = 3-8); pelvis/acetabulum: 2 (1-4); p = 0.0001] were higher in patients with floating hip. Additionally, temporary work disability was higher (p = 0.00012), with no significant differences in the rate of job retraining (p = 0.11). Conclusion: Floating hip significantly increased the length of hospitalization, necessary surgical procedures, and recovery times according to temporary work disability in patients with trauma to the pelvis and/or acetabulum. Level of Evidence: III

Artrosis rápidamente progresiva de cadera secundaria a una fractura por insuficiencia subcondral del acetábulo. Reporte de un caso / Rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to a subchondral insufficiency fracture of the acetabulum: A case report

Las fracturas por insuficiencia subcondral son una causa poco frecuente de cadera dolorosa. A diferencia de las fracturas traumáticas agudas, las fracturas por insuficiencia del acetábulo son menos frecuentes que las femorales. Ocurren habitualmente en mujeres posmenopáusicas con comorbilidades. Su diagnóstico inicial suele ser dificultoso y la sospecha clínica es de gran importancia. La resonancia magnética es una herramienta fundamental para detectar este cuadro. Subestimar estas lesiones puede llevar al desarrollo de una artrosis rápidamente progresiva y al reemplazo articular como desenlace. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 68 años con una fractura por insuficiencia subcondral del acetábulo a quien se le indicó una artroplastia total de cadera no cementada. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Subchondral insufficiency fractures are a rare cause of hip pain. Unlike acute traumatic fractures, acetabulum insufficiency fractures are less common than femoral fractures. They commonly occur in postmenopausal women with comorbidities. Its initial diagnosis is usually difficult and clinical suspicion is of great importance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a fundamental tool for the detection of this pathology. Underestimating these injuries can lead to the development of rapidly progressive osteoarthritis and joint replacement as an outcome. We present the case of a 68-year-old patient with a subchondral insufficiency fracture of the acetabulum who underwent uncemented total hip arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: IV

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las fractura de pared posterior de acetábulo: resultados a corto y mediano plazo / Surgical treatment in acetabular posterior wall fractures: short and medium-term results

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los resultados radiológicos a corto y mediano plazo de pacientes operados de fractura de pared posterior de acetábulo, describir la morfología de la fractura, presencia de lesiones asociadas y la necesidad de artroplastia total de cadera (ATC) durante la evolución. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo de una serie consecutiva de 40 pacientes operados entre julio de 2012 y julio de 2017 por fractura de pared posterior de acetábulo. Treinta y siete hombres y tres mujeres con una edad promedio de 41 años fueron operados (mediana de seguimiento 17,7 meses). Se registró el mecanismo del accidente y presencia de lesiones asociadas. Se registraron el número de fragmentos que presentaba la fractura, presencia de impactación marginal, compromiso de la cabeza femoral, presencia de fragmentos intra-articulares y complicaciones postoperatorias. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el test de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Todos los casos fueron secundarios a un accidente de alta energía. Un 70% de los pacientes presentó luxación posterior. La mayoría de los pacientes presentó una fractura entre 2 y 5 fragmentos (70%), 47,5% de los pacientes presentó impactación marginal, 37,5% compromiso de la cabeza femoral en zona de carga, 30% fragmentos intra-articulares. La complicación que más frecuente se observó fue la artrosis post-traumática la cual se presentó en un 22,5%. Cinco pacientes (12,5%) requirieron ATC. CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque se categorizan dentro de los patrones simples, las fracturas de pared posterior son lesiones complejas. La tomografía axial computada preoperatoria es esencial para determinar lesiones intra-articulares dada su alta frecuencia y también permite realizar un buen plan preoperatorio.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate radiologic results in short and medium-term in surgically treated patients with acetabular posterior wall fracture. Describe fracture morphology, the presence of associated lesions and the necessity of total hip arthroplasty (THA) during the evolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective-descriptive study design of 40 patients treated during July 2012 and July 2017 for acetabular posterior wall fracture. 37 men and 3 women, 41 years old mean age. The mean follow-up was 17.7 months. Accident mechanism and presence of associated lesions were registered, as well as the number of fragments of the fracture, the presence of marginal impaction, femoral head compromise, intra-articular fragments and postoperatory complications. Wilcoxon test was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Every case resulted due to a high energy accident. 70% of patients had posterior luxation of the hip. 70% of patients presented 2 to 5 fragments. 47.5% of patients presented marginal impaction, 37.5% compromised femoral head and 30% intra-articular fragments. The most frequent complication was post-traumatic arthrosis, which appeared in 22.5% of patients. Five patients required THA. CONCLUSION: Though it is categorized as simple fracture pattern, posterior wall fractures are complex. Preoperatory CT scan is essential to determine intra-articular lesions due to its high frequency and permits to plan an adequate intervention.

The supine coronal midaxillary approach to anterior quadratus lumborum block: case report / Abordagem supina axilar média coronal para realização de bloqueio do quadrado lombar anterior: relato de casos

Abstract Background: There are various approaches to perform an ultrasound guided Quadratus Lumborum Block (QLB). The lateral, posterior, anterior or trans muscular and subcostal paramedian are the various approaches described for performing a QLB. Each of these blocks are aimed to achieve a maximum spread with high volume and low concentration of local anesthetics. Case report: In this novel approach a curvilinear ultrasound probe was used with the patient lying in supine position. The probe was placed longitudinally in the mid axillary line to visualize Quadratus Lumborum Muscle (QLM) in the coronal plane. The needle was then introduced from cranial to caudal direction and catheters were inserted in the Anterior Thoracolumbar Fascia (ATLF) up to a distance of 4-5 cm in 24 patients for an anterior approach to acetabulum fractures. The needle tip and the Local Anesthetic (LA) spread was visible in all patients. All patients except 4 had excellent perioperative pain relief considering stable hemodynamics and VAS 2-3/10 for the first 48 hours. All patients received 1 g intravenous paracetamol each 8 hours. VAS in postoperative period was 2-3/10, in 20/24 patients. In the postoperative period, 4 patients complained of persistent pain, requiring intravenous fentanyl boluses and multimodal analgesia. Mean VAS score was 2.87 from 0-12 hours, 3.14 from 12-24 hours and 3.35 from 24-48 hours. There were no block-related complications in any patient. Conclusion: The supine midaxillary coronal approach to anterior QLB is an effective and feasible approach to QLB which can be performed in supine position.

Resumo Justificativa: Existem várias abordagens para a realização do Bloqueio do Quadrado Lombar (BQL) guiado por ultrassom. Diversas abordagens são descritas para a realização do BQL: paramediana lateral, posterior, anterior ou transmuscular e subcostal, todas com o objetivo de obter a máxima dispersão da solução injetada, usando-se alto volume e baixa concentração de anestésico local. Relato de caso: Nesta nova abordagem, a sonda de ultrassom curvilínea foi usada com o paciente em decúbito dorsal. A sonda foi posicionada longitudinalmente na linha axilar média para visualizar o Músculo Quadrado Lombar (MQL) no plano coronal. A agulha foi introduzida na direção cranial-caudal, e foram inseridos cateteres na Fáscia Toracolombar Anterior (FTLA) até uma distância de 4-5 cm, em 24 pacientes a serem submetidos à correção de fratura do acetábulo pela via anterior. O bisel da agulha e a dispersão do Anestésico Local (AL) eram visíveis em todos os pacientes. Os 24 pacientes, com exceção de quatro, apresentaram excelente analgesia perioperatória, baseando-se na estabilidade hemodinâmica e nos escores EVA de 2-3/10 nas primeiras 48 horas. Todos os pacientes receberam 1 g de paracetamol intravenoso a cada 8 horas. O escore EVA no período pós-operatório foi de 2-3/10, em 20 dos 24 pacientes. No período pós-operatório, quatro pacientes apresentaram queixa de dor persistente, necessitando de bolus de fentanil por via intravenosa e analgesia multimodal. O escore médio da EVA no pós-operatório foi 2,87 entre 0-12 horas; 3,14 entre 12-24 horas e 3,35 entre 24-48 horas pós-operatórias. Não houve complicações relacionadas ao bloqueio em nenhum paciente. Conclusão: A abordagem supina axilar média coronal para BQL anterior é eficaz e viável para BQL, e pode ser realizada com os pacientes em decúbito dorsal.

Lesiones ortopédicas asociadas a fractura de cadera / Orthopedic injuries associated with hip fracture

Resumen: Introducción: La información que demuestra lesiones ortopédicas al mismo tiempo que fractura de cadera es escasa. Nuestro objetivo es determinar si existe relación entre el tipo de lesiones ortopédicas asociadas en pacientes con fractura de cadera y sus variables demográficas, el trazo de fractura y el mecanismo de lesión. Material y métodos: Diseño transversal, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se revisaron los casos con fracturas de cadera y que tuvieran alguna lesión ortopédica asociada del 01 de Noviembre de 2012 al 31 de Octubre de 2016. Resultados: Se incluyeron 103 pacientes, de los cuales 61.2% fueron mujeres; media de edad 64 ± 21 años. Los mayores de 65 años representaron 59% (n = 61/103), 61.2% tuvieron fractura pertrocantérica (AO/OTA tipo 31-A1 a A3) (n = 63), el resto de cuello (AO/OTA tipo 31-B1 a B3) (n = 40); 21.4% tuvieron dos o más lesiones asociadas a fractura de cadera (n = 22). Las lesiones asociadas en mujeres fueron las de radio distal, mientras que en hombres fueron las del acetábulo, pelvis u otras. No hubo diferencias en cuanto a sexo, edad, mecanismo de lesión o número de lesiones asociadas dependiendo de la clasificación AO de la fractura de cadera. Discusión: Existe un número considerable de lesiones asociadas en fracturas de cadera, independientemente de la edad, el sexo o localización.

Abstract: Introduction: There Is little information showing orthopedic injuries at the same time as a hip fracture. Our objective is to determine if there is association between the type of orthopedic injuries associated in patients with hip fractures and their demographic variables, fracture pattern and mechanism of injury. Material and methods: Transversal design, descriptive and retrospective. We reviewed cases with hip fractures and had an associated orthopedic lesion from November 01, 2012 to October 31, 2016. Results: We included 103 patients, of whom women 61.2%; average age 64 ± 21 years. Over 65 years old accounted for 59% (n = 61/103), 61.2% had Perthrocanteric fracture (AO/OTA type 31-A1 to A3) (n = 63), the rest of the neck (AO/OTA type 31-B1 to B3) (n = 40); 21.4% had two or more injuries associated with hip fracture (n = 22). The lesions associated with women were those of distal radio, while in males were those of the acetabulum, pelvis or others. There were No differences in sex, age, injury mechanism or number of associated injuries depending on the AO classification of the hip fracture. Discussion: There is a significant number of injuries associated with hip fractures regardless of age, sex, or location.

Fracturas de acetábulo en la población mexicana / Acetabulum fractures in the Mexican population

Resumen: Introducción: Las fracturas acetabulares cada día se ven más frecuentemente en los servicios de urgencia, aunque a comparación con otras fracturas, son lesiones bastante raras; es de suma importancia la comprensión y adecuado conocimiento para los traumatólogos en urgencias. El determinar la prevalencia de fracturas de acetábulo, así como las características de los pacientes, mecanismo de lesión y lesiones asociadas, nos permitirá desarrollar y mejorar las estrategias de diagnóstico y tratamiento para estos pacientes, así como futuras investigaciones terapéuticas. Material y métodos: Diseño transversal, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se revisaron los casos con fracturas de acetábulo tratados durante el 1 de Noviembre de 2012 al 31 de Octubre de 2016. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes fueron hombres (75%). Los tipos de fracturas más frecuentes fueron la de pared posterior (22.3%), seguidas de ambas columnas (19.0%). El mecanismo de la lesión fue diferente por género, el choque automovilístico es 1.1 veces más probable en la mujeres que en los hombres, pero la caída desde tres o más metros es 6.0 veces más probable en los hombres; las mujeres en cambio, tienen 1.9 veces más probabilidad de ser atropelladas y 2.0 veces de sufrir caída desde su plano de sustentación (p = 0.02). Las fracturas con mayor proporción de lesiones ortopédicas asociadas corresponden en primer lugar a las de pared anterior de las cuales 80.0% tuvo lesiones asociadas. Discusión: Nuestros resultados concuerdan con lo reportado en la literatura a nivel internacional.

Abstract: Introduction: Acetabular fractures are seen more frequently in emergency services, although compared to other fractures, they are quite rare injuries; it is of paramount importance the understanding and adequate knowledge for the orthopedic surgeons. Determining the prevalence of acetabulum fractures, as well as patient characteristics, injury mechanism and associated injuries; it will allow us to develop and improve the diagnostic and treatment strategies for these patients, as well as future therapeutic research in our hospital. Material and methods: Transversal design, descriptive and retrospective. We reviewed cases with acetabulum fractures treated during November 1, 2012 to October 31, 2016. Results: Most of the patients were men (75%). The most common types of fractures were posterior wall (22.3%), followed by both columns (19.0%). The mechanism of the lesion was different by gender, the automobile accident is 1.1 times more likely in women than in men, but the fall from three or more meters is 6.0 times more likely in men; instead, women are 1.9 times more likely to be hit and 2.0 times to fall from their supportive plane (p = 0.02). The fractures with the highest proportion of associated orthopedic injuries correspond first to those of anterior wall of which 80.0% had associated injuries. Discussion: Our results are consistent with what is reported in the literature at the international level.

Placa infrapectínea para reparación con mínima invasión de fracturas de lámina cuadrilátera acetabular: descripción de un nuevo implante y acceso paramedial / Infrapectineal Plate for repair with minimal invasion of quadrilateral blade acetabular fractures: description new implant and paramedial access

Resumen: Introducción: Las fracturas de la lámina cuadrilátera del acetábulo son las más difíciles de reducir y fijar. Se han desarrollado diferentes técnicas para la osteosíntesis de la lámina cuadrilátera. El objetivo de este trabajo fue crear implantes y un nuevo acceso quirúrgico para simplificar y mejorar la osteosíntesis de fracturas del acetábulo. Material y métodos: Un total de 83 pacientes fueron estudiados mediante la tomografía axial computarizada de ambos acetábulos, siendo medidos a nivel de columna posterior alta y baja con el fin de determinar longitud y diámetro de los implantes, a través del análisis de normalidad de variables, dónde p es > 0.05, usando la prueba Kolmogorov-Smirnov (Lilliefors). Las características anatómicas del nuevo acceso quirúrgico también se describen. La incisión se practicó en espécimen cadavérico para determinar la seguridad de todo el acceso. Resultados: El par de tornillos macho-hembra midió 20 x 6 x 8 mm (longitud, diámetro interno y de la cabeza), mientras que las placas fueron de 10 mm de ancho y 3 mm de espesor, con longitud correspondiente al número de orificios. Se desarrollaron instrumentos apropiados para su aplicación. Discusión: Este método puede facilitar la osteosíntesis del acetábulo. Se requieren estudios cadavéricos y clínicos para corroborarlo. Puede ser que se mejoren los resultados de osteosíntesis del acetábulo, con menor riesgo.

Abstract: Introduction: Quadrilateral plate fractures are the most difficult to reduce and fix. Different techniques have been developed for quadrilateral plate osteosynthesis. The objective of this work was to create an implant and a novel approach to simplify and improve acetabular fracture osteosynthesis. Material and methods: A total of 83 patients were studied. Pelvic CT scan images of both acetabula were measured at the proximal and distal posterior column. Implant length, diameters and morphological characteristics were determined. The anatomical features of a novel surgical approach are described. The paramedian approach was performed on a cadaveric specimen to determine its anatomical safety. Results: The screws measured 20 × 6 × 8 mm (length × core diameter x head diameter), with internal threads of 4.5 mm. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (Lilliefors) test was used, where p had to be > 0.05. Plates were previously determined to be 10 mm wide and 3 mm thick, of variable length. Instruments were developed to surmount difficulties. Discussion: This new procedure and implant could make the repair of acetabular fractures easier and offers several advantages. Clinical trials are needed to assess the benefits of this proposal. The newly described method can allow acetabular fracture osteosynthesis to be performed safely, avoid iatrogenic injury to anatomical structures and achieve better results.

Abordaje de Kocher-Langenbeck en el manejo quirúrgico de las fracturas posteriores del acetábulo / Kocher-Langenbeck approach in the surgical management of posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum

Resumen: Las fracturas de acetábulo son lesiones articulares que en la mayoría de los casos requieren manejo quirúrgico para restablecer la integridad de la articulación de la cadera y el anillo pélvico. Las fracturas de elementos posteriores del acetábulo deben ser tratadas por abordajes posteriores. El de Kocher-Langenbeck es el más recomendado en la mayoría de los casos.

Abstract: Surgical treatment of acetabular fractures is indicated in displaced cases in order to restore and stabilize the hip joint and the pelvic ring integrity. Posterior structure fractures must be treated through posterior pelvic surgical approaches. The Kocher-Langenbeck is the most recommended approach for the majority of posterior acetabular fractures.

Forensic Analysis of the Characteristics of Pelvic Fracture in 65 Road Traffic Accident Death Cases / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the characteristics and mechanisms of pelvic fractures in the cases of road traffic accident deaths.@*METHODS@#Total 65 cases of road traffic accident deaths with pelvic fracture were collected, and the sites, characteristics and injury mechanisms of pelvic fracture were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 65 cases of pelvic fracture, 38 cases of dislocation of sacroiliac joint were found, and most combined with pubis symphysis separation or fracture of pubis. In the fractures of pubis, ischium and acetabulum, linear fractures were most common, while comminuted fractures were most common in sacrum and coccyx fractures. There were 54 cases combined with pelvic soft tissue injury, and 8 cases with pelvic organ injury and 44 cases with abdominal organ injury. In the types of pelvic ring injury, 32 cases were separation, 49.32%, followed by compression, 26.15% and only one case was verticality, 1.54%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Detailed and comprehensive examination of the body and determination of the pelvic fracture type contribute to analyze the mechanisms of injury.

Lesiones condrales acetabulares tratadas con microfracturas artroscopicas. supervivencia articular a un minimo de 4 años postoperatorios / Chondral acetabular injuries treated with arthroscopic microfractures. follow-up of 4 years

Objetivo: Evaluar el rol de las microfracturas artroscópicas como método de preservación articular en pacientes con lesión condral acetabular de espesor completo asociada a síndrome de fricción femoroacetabular (sffa). Material y métodos: Se efectuó un estudio retrospectivo, entre 2008-2011, de 19 pacientes con sffa y hallazgo artroscópico de lesión de cartílago acetabular tratados con corrección de la deformidad ósea, estabilización labral y microfracturas. Se incluyeron sólo pacientes con un seguimiento mínimo de 4 años. Se excluyeron pacientes con cirugías previas de cadera. La estadificación radiológica se realizó según tõnnis, clasificando a los pacientes en grupo 1 (tõnnis ≤1) y 2 (tõnnis >1). La evolución clínica se valoró según los escores de harris hip score modificada (mhhs) y womac. Se consideró falla terapéutica a la necesidad de una artroplastia total de cadera (ATC). Resultados: Se estudiaron 2 mujeres y 17 hombres con una edad promedio de 37 años (rango 22-45). El mhhs promedio fue de 68 preoperatorio y 89 postoperatorio (p=0.002). Similarmente, el womac promedio preoperatorio fue de 36, alcanzado 15 en el postoperatorio. A un promedio de 33 meses (rango 6-48), 3 pacientes requirieron una atc. La supervivencia articular fue del 84% a 4 años (ic95: 60.42-96.62). Ninguno de los pacientes del grupo 1 requirió una atc. Tres de los 6 pacientes del grupo 2 precisaron una ATC (p=0.02). Conclusión: El tratamiento con microfracturas artroscópicas fue efectivo en casos de lesión condral acetabular de espesor completo. Sin embargo, evidenció peores resultados en pacientes con signos radiológicos de artrosis avanzada previa a la artroscopia.

Introduction: To analyze the role of microfractures as a joint-preserving procedure in a series of patients with femoroacetabular impingement with advanced chondral damage diagnosed during hip arthroscopy. Methods: Between 2008-2011, we analyzed a retrospective cohort of 19 patients with full-thickness acetabular cartilage damage treated with arthroscopic osteoplasty, labral debridement and microfractures. Only patients with a minimum follow-up of 4 years were included. Exclusion criteria involved previous hip surgery. Patients were grouped upon tõnnis grading system on preoperative radiographs: “tõnnis 1 or less group (1)” and “tõnnis 2 or more group (2)”. Clinical outcome was measured in terms of mhhs and womac scores. Patients that required conversion to total hip arthroplasty were considered therapeutic failures. Results: We studied 2 female and 17 male with an average age of 37 years (range, 22-45). Mean mhhs improved from 68 preoperatively to 89 postoperatively. Likewise, preoperative womac was 36 and reached 15 postoperatively. Three patients with therapeutic failure underwent a tha at an average time of 33 months (range, 6-48). They all had tõnnis 2 on preoperative radiographs. None of the patients of group 1 required a tha (p=0.02). Survival was 84% at 4 years (ci95: 60.42-96.62). Conclusions: Arthroscopic microfractures for the treatment of advanced acetabular cartilage injuries obtained good clinical and radiological outcomes. However, worse results were seen in patients with progressive degenerative changes on prior radiographs.

Modified Stoppa Approach for Surgical Treatment of Acetabular Fracture

BACKGROUND: We analyzed the extent of the comminution in the acetabular weight-bearing area, the clinical and radiographic results, and the complications after a minimum 2-year follow-up of the modified Stoppa approach for the treatment of acetabular fractures, and we attempted to evaluate the efficacy of the operative technique. METHODS: All of the 22 patients, who needed the anterior approach for the treatment of acetabular fractures at our hospital from November 2007 to November 2010, were subjected to surgery via the modified Stoppa approach. Fracture pattern, operative time, blood loss during the operation, quality of reduction, number of bony fragments in the acetabular weight-bearing area, and postoperative complications were assessed by retrospectively analyzing the medical records and the radiographic examinations. The results after the operation were analyzed based on the criteria of Matta. RESULTS: The clinical results were excellent in 3 cases, good in 13 cases, and poor in 4 cases, while the radiographic results were excellent in 5 cases, good in 13 cases, and poor in 2 cases. Although the quality of reduction and the clinical results according to the extent of comminution were statistically significant (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively), the radiographic results were not statistically significant (p = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the modified Stoppa approach could be used as an alternative to the classic ilioinguinal approach. In addition, comminution of the acetabular fracture was an important factor causing non-anatomic reduction and finally unsatisfactory clinical results.

Preservación articular post-artroscopía de cadera a 5 años mínimo de seguimiento / Joint preservation treated with hip arthroscopy. Minimum follow-up of 5 years

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los resultados clinicos y la tasa de preservacion articular en pacientes a los que se le realizo una artroscopia de cadera por sindrome de friccion femoroacetabular (SFFA) con seguimiento minimo 5 anos. Se analizaron los factores predictivos de requerimiento para un reemplazo total de cadera (RTC). Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 42 pacientes consecutivos (15 mujeres, 27 hombres, edad promedio 38 anos) con SFFA. A todos se les realizo una artroscopia de cadera para estabilizar el dano articular (lesiones labrales y/o condrolabrales) y correccion de deformidades oseas asociadas (CAM y/o PINCER). Se realizo un seguimiento clinico. Ningun paciente fue perdido en el seguimiento. Se analizaron los factores predictivos de probabilidad de RTC. Resultados: A un seguimiento minimo de 5 anos la tasa de preservacion articular fue del 88,1 % (IC95 % 74,54 %-95,27 %). La probabilidad de evolucionar a una RTC en pacientes con escala radiografica Tonnis preoperatoria 0 y I fue del 0% (IC95 % 0%-14,76 %). La probabilidad de evolucionar a una RTC en pacientes con estadios Tonnis II y III fue del 33,3 % (IC95 %, 14,96 %-58,5 %). La diferencia entre ambos grupos fue significativa p= 0.003. La edad mayor o igual a 45 anos al momento de la artroscopia resulto ser un factor de riesgo significativo para evolucionar a una RTC (p=0.005). Conclusión: El tratamiento artroscopico del SFFA presenta resultados favorables a 5 anos en terminos de preservacion articular. Pacientes con artrosis preoperatoria avanzada y mayores de 45 anos tienen mayor riesgo de requerir una artroplastia de cadera en dicho lapso. Nivel de evidencia: IV. Tipo de estudio: Serie de casos...

Introduction: Purpose of this work is to evaluate the clinical results and the rate of joint preservation in a series of patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) treated with hip arthroscopy at a minimum follow up of 5 years. The predictive factors for total hip arthroplasty (THA) requirement were analyzed. Material and methods: Between February 2008 and February 2009, 42 consecutive patients treated with a hip arthroscopy due to FAI syndrome were included. There were 15 women and 27 men with an average age of 38 years (range 23 to 56 years). The surgery involved joint damage stabilization (labral tears and/or condrolabral injuries) and correction of associated bony deformities (CAM and/or PINCER lesions). A prospective clinical follow up was made with no patient lost. We specifically addressed the need for THA. Predictive factors for THA were also analyzed. Results: At a minimum follow up of 5 years the rate joint preservation was 88.1% (CI95% 74,54%-95,27%). The probability of evolving to a THA in patients with radiographic preoperative Tonnis grades 0 and I was of 0% (CI95% 0%-14,76%). The probability of evolving to a THA in patients with preoperative Tonnis grades II and III was 33, 3% (CI95%14.96%-58.5%). Statistical significant difference was present between both groups (p= 0.003). Patients with an age of 45 years or more at the time of hip arthroscopy were at significant risk to evolve to THA (p=0.005). Conclusions: Hip arthroscopy for the treatment of patients with FAI syndrome presents favorable results regarding joint preservation at a minimum follow up of 5 years. Patients with advanced preoperative radiographic signs of osteoarthritis and those older than 45 years at the time of surgery have greater risk for requiring THA. Level of evidence: IV. Type of study: Case Series...

Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Ipsilateral Fused Hip: A Technical Note

We report the surgical technique used to perform posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in two patients with a well positioned and functional hip arthrodesis. Intraoperatively, the operating table was placed in an increased Trendelenburg position. Episodically, we flexed the foot of the table by 90degrees to allow maximal knee flexion to facilitate exposure and bone cuts. We opted to resect the patella and tibia first to enable exposure, given the stiffness of the arthritic knee. One patient's medical condition prohibited complex conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) prior to the TKA. The other patient's scarred soft tissues around the hip, due to chronic infection and multiple operations, made THA risky. The final outcome provided satisfactory results at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. TKA can be successfully performed with adjustments of table position and modification of the sequence of surgical steps in patients with ipsilateral hip fusion.

Autosomal Dominant Type I Osteopetrosis Is Related with Iatrogenic Fractures in Arthroplasty

Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO) is a sclerotic bone disorder due to failure of osteoclasts. ADO poses difficulties during arthroplasty because of the increased chance for iatrogenic fractures due to sclerotic bone. ADO is divided into two types based on radiological findings, fracture risk, and osteoclast activity. These differences suggest less brittle bone in patients with ADO I compared to that of patients with ADO II, which suggests a smaller chance of preoperative fractures during cementless arthroplasty in ADO I compared with that in ADO II. A case of cementless total knee arthroplasty in a patient with ADO I is presented. Total hip arthroplasty was performed during follow-up, and known major problems related to ADO II were experienced. Therefore, the differences between ADO I and ADO II may not be clinically relevant for an iatrogenic fracture during arthroplasty in patients with ADO.

Spontaneous Acetabular Periprosthetic Fracture in a Patient Continuously Having Zoledronic Acid

Zoledronic acid has been used for prevention of osteolytic and osteoblastic bone metastasis. This case report illustrates an undesirable consequence from prolonged usage of zoledronic acid in bone metastasis prevention. Periprosthetic acetabular fracture in a patient treated with zoledronic acid for 7 years was reported. The clinical presentation, radiographic and pathological results were described. This is a rare complication after total hip arthroplasty which should not be ignored especially in patients who received long term bisphosphonate.

Biomechanical analysis of the acetabular buttress-plate: are complex acetabular fractures in the quadrilateral area stable after treatment with anterior construct plate-1/3 tube buttress plate fixation?

OBJECTIVE: The acetabular buttress-plate has been widely used in treating difficult cases with satisfying clinical results. However, the biomechanical properties of a postoperative acetabular fracture fixed by the buttress-plate are not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of stability after the anterior tube buttress-plate fixation of complex acetabular fractures in the quadrilateral area. METHODS: A construct was proposed based on anterior construct plate - 1/3 tube buttress plate fixation for acetabular both-column fractures. Two groups of six formalin-preserved cadaveric pelvises were analyzed: (1) group A, the normal pelvis and (2) group B, anterior construct plate-1/3 tube buttress plate with quadrilateral area fixation. The displacements were measured, and cyclical loads were applied in both standing and sitting simulations. RESULTS: As the load was added, the displacements were A<B, increasing in line. In the 600 N physiological loading, the differences were significant (standing position: p = 0.013; sitting position: p = 0.009) between groups A and B. CONCLUSION: The anterior construct plate - 1/3 tube buttress plate fixation provided a better stable construct for early sitting. The standing mode yielded more significant differences between the groups. Placing a 1/3 tube buttress-plate via an anterior approach is a novel method of providing quadrilateral area support in this setting. .