Aristóteles: pionero en el estudio de la anatomía comparada / Aristotle: pioneer in the study of comparative anatomy

Aristóteles (384-322 a. n. e.); filosofo prodigioso, de amplios conocimientos, investigador incansable y enciclopédico, con sentido crítico y didáctico, resumió y abarco la sabiduría antigua, enriqueciéndola con sus valiosas observaciones, experiencias y descubrimientos, fundador de numerosos campos del saber universal entre ellos; el estudio de la Lógica, la Historia natural, la biología, la anatomía comparada, la zoología, la embriología, y la botánica.

Aristotle (384-322 b. c. e.), prodigious philosopher who possessed extensive encyclopedic knowledge, a tireless researcher with critical and didactic sense, summarized and spanned ancient wisdom, enriching it with his valuable observations, comments, and discoveries. He was the founder of numerous areas of universal knowledge, which included the study of logic, natural history, biology, comparative anatomy, zoology, embryology, and botany.

Historia de la anatomía comparada de los elementos fonatorios y articulatorios / History of comparative anatomy of the phonatory and articulatory elements

El objetivo del presente estudio fue ordenar a lo largo del tiempo, desde épocas remotas hasta nuestro tiempo, las ideas imperantes sobre los órganos fonatorios y articulatorios con base en la anatomía funcional y comparada. Se revisaron variadas fuentes bibliográficas sobre los órganos fonatorios y articulatorios y se ordenaron en el tiempo en relación a los conceptos sobre la constitución y funcionalidad de tales órganos, comparando dichas ideas y conceptos. Históricamente se muestra que con el avance de la investigación y con el desarrollo de nuevas ideas y comprobaciones empíricas se llegó a una mejor comprensión de los elementos fonatorios y articulatorios.

The objective of this study was to order over time from ancient times to our time, the prevailing ideas on phonatory and articulatory organs based on functional and comparative anatomy. We reviewed various literature sources on phonatory and articulatory organs and ordered in time, in relation to concepts on the formation and function of these organs comparing those ideas and concepts. Historically it is shown that with the advancement of research and development of new ideas and empirical findings, came to a better understanding of phonatory and articulatory elements.

Galen's use of Aristotle.

The thought of Aristotle has stamped itself on the whole subsequent course of Natural philosophy including the philosophy of healing art since the 4th century B. C. He is known to be the great codifier of ancient Natural philosophy. He developed coherent theories of generation and functional morphology of animals and heredity in his treaties. Aristotle dissected about 70 species of animals and founded the basis of comparative Anatomy.

Comparative anatomy of teeth from past to present.

The comparative anatomy of teeth has a long tradition in research, starting more than two thousand years ago in antiquity. In the 19th century, Richard Owen's oeuvre Odontography (1840-45) contributed much to establish odontology as an independent scientific discipline. After a short outline of the historical development of the comparative anatomy of teeth, we describe the contents and importance of Owen's Odontography. Finally, we sketch the contemporary situation of dental morphology, which in the course of the last thirty years has developed into an important and internationally highly recognized multidisciplinary field.