Résumé
Abstract The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii and Isaria fumosorosea were tested for their efficacy in managing the exotic spiraling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) on cassava (Manihot esculenta) during 2 seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). The fungi I. fumosorosea and L. lecanii exhibited promising levels of control (> 70% mortality of the A. dispersus population). The percent mortality increased over time in both seasons. Application of I. fumosorosea was highly pathogenic to A. dispersus in both seasons compared to the other entomopathogenic fungi. Analysis of the percent mortality in both seasons revealed differences in efficacy between 3 and 15 days after treatment. The season also influenced the effects of the fungi on the A. dispersus population. Thus, entomopathogenic fungi have the potential to manage A. dispersus infestation of cassava.
Sujets)
Animaux/microbiologie , Animaux/parasitologie , Animaux/physiologie , Animaux/prévention et contrôle , Hemiptera/microbiologie , Hemiptera/parasitologie , Hemiptera/physiologie , Hemiptera/prévention et contrôle , Hypocreales/microbiologie , Hypocreales/parasitologie , Hypocreales/physiologie , Hypocreales/prévention et contrôle , Manihot/microbiologie , Manihot/parasitologie , Manihot/physiologie , Manihot/prévention et contrôle , Lutte biologique contre les nuisibles/microbiologie , Lutte biologique contre les nuisibles/parasitologie , Lutte biologique contre les nuisibles/physiologie , Lutte biologique contre les nuisibles/prévention et contrôle , Maladies des plantes/microbiologie , Maladies des plantes/parasitologie , Maladies des plantes/physiologie , Maladies des plantes/prévention et contrôleRésumé
Camels proved to be highly infected as compared to sheep. The I.H.A.T. showed that the immune response depends on the location, size, number and viability of cysts. Sheep were serologically positive, with no cysts, in lungs or liver perhaps may be located in other organs. R. norvegicus are recorded to harbour infection, probably E. multilocularis