Evaluation of Schistosoma haematobium adult and egg antigens by ELISA in diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis

The aim of this study was using ELISA for detection of anti-Schistosoma haematobium antibodies in both sera and urine of patients with urinary schistosomiasis. Thirty three sera and urine samples were collected from patients with acute schistosomiasis in Diyala Province, east of Iraq in 2006. Their diseases were confirmed by finding S. haematobium ova in urine examination. Sera and urines of 10 healthy individuals as well as 5 patients with hydatidosis and 5 patients with acute toxoplasmosis were examined as well. Samples were examined for antibody detection by ELISA method. The antigens used in this study were egg and adult antigens. All positive samples [sera and urines] showed positivity by using egg antigen whereas the negative control samples were negative; only two samples with hydatidosis were positive with using serum sample whereas with urine sample only one sample was positive. In this study, the best sensitivity and specificity obtained when using urine and adult antigen. Antibody detection by using urine is a useful, simple, and sensitive method for diagnosis of schistosomiasis

Detection of local antibody response in urine as a tool for diagnosis of urinary tract infection

Identifying urinary tract infection [UTI] is based mainly on culture of uropathogens which may take at least 3 days before a final report is issued. We tried to study the possibility of identifying UTI by the detection of local antibodies [IgG and IgA] in urine. A total number of 69 patients complaining of dysuria, frequency, loin pain and or suprapubic pain were examined urologically and midstream urine sample was collected from each patient. The urine samples were examined microscopically for pus cells, RBCs and crystals. They were also cultured quantitatively and assayed for local IgG and IgA antibodies in urine to common urinary pathogens. The 69 patients had significant pyuria, 50 patients showed positive urine culture E. coli [27], Klebsiella [13], Staphylococcus saprophiticus [8] and Proteus 2 patients. From the 50 patients 48 had positive local specific urinary antibodies and 2 were negative for the local urinary antibodies. The 19 patients with negative urine culture 15 had positive local urinary antibodies. The control group 13 subjects had no pus in urine, negative culture and negative local antibodies. Two subjects had. no pus, positive culture [E. coli] and positive local antibodies. In conclusion the local specific IgG and IgA to common uropathogens could help in the primary identification of UTI and thus the clinical doctor can initiate a blind antibiotic treatment, till culture and sensitivity results are obtained. Since it is possible to identify UTI with the positive results of the local antibodies in urine of symptomatizing patients with significant pyuria. Also it could help in screening asymptomatic bacteruria

Enzyme immuno-assay for the detection of urine antibodies in children infected with schistosoma hematobium

Enzyme linked Immunosorbant assay [ELISA] and dot- ELISA were performed to detect antibodies to Schisosoma haematobium egg antigens [Sh-SEA] in midday urine samples obtained from parasitological by proven urinary schistosomiases infected children. The assays failed to capture specific antibodies in 25-30 percent of patient's urine samples. Enzyme immunoblot assay [EIB] revealed consistent recognition by all the urine samples from S. haematobium cases to 20-106 KDa antigenic bands of Sh-SEA. The use of urine samples from mansoniasis or normal individuals [n=23] indicated 87 percent diagnostic specificity of this EIB. Thus, immunoreactivity of urine to electrophoresed Sh-SEA antigen is highly sensitive and non-invasive technique that could be asuitable alternative to serum ELISA for diagnosis of haematobia, particularly, for epidemiological studies on children