Tissue characterization following revascularization of immature dog teeth using different disinfection pastes

Abstract Revascularization of immature teeth with necrotic pulps traditionally involves the use of triple antibiotic paste, which may sometimes lead to undesirable complications. The objective of this study was to assess tissue repair in immature dog teeth with apical periodontitis subjected to revascularization, comparing two different pastes used for root canal disinfection. Apical periodontitis was induced in 30 dog premolars. Teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups: root canals filled with triple antibiotic paste (n = 10); root canals filled with 1% propolis paste (n = 10); and no medication (n = 10). An additional group (n = 10, no intervention) was used as control. After 7 months, the jaws were histologically evaluated for the following variables: newly formed mineralized tissue (present/absent); vital tissue in the canal space (absent/periodontal ligament-like/pulp-like); apical extension of root (present/absent); and severity of inflammatory process (absent/mild/moderate/severe). There were no statistically significant differences among the experimental groups in new mineralized tissue formation and apical root development. The formation of vital tissue in the canal space, in turn, was statistically different between the triple paste and propolis groups: vital tissues were present in all revascularized teeth disinfected with propolis paste (100%), compared to 71% of those disinfected with the triple paste. Severity of inflammatory process was different between the triple paste and no medication groups. The new tissues formed onto canal walls and in the root canal space showed characteristics of cementum and periodontal ligament, respectively. Propolis may have some advantages over the triple paste for the revascularization of immature teeth.

Reabsorción apical posterior a la aplicación de fuerzas ortodónticas. Diagnóstico y tratamiento: a propósito de un caso clínico / Apical resorption after orthodontic force application. Diagnosis and treatment: a propos of a clinical case

En el presente artículo se describe un caso clínico de incisivos afectados por reabsorción apical externa. Dado que el tratamiento de la reabsorción requiere la aplicación de numerosas maniobras apropiadas, se comenzó por realizar el diagnóstico clínico-radiográfico adecuado. El paciente presentaba ortodoncia fija superior e inferior, edema en el fondo de surco de la zona anteroinferior, test de vitalidad negativo en los dientes 31 y 41, incisivos inferiores asintomáticos y con respuesta positiva a las pruebas de vitalidad. Concluido el diagnóstico, se aplicó un procedimiento alternativo que consistió en la inmediata supresión de las fuerzas ortodónticas, aperturas camerales en las piezas 31 y 41, medicación y cronificación del proceso agudo. Con el fin de lograr la reparación de las piezas afectadas, estos dientes fueron tratados con sesiones intermedias de pasta alcalina, compuesta por hidróxido de calcio, iodoformo y clorofenol alcanforado. Al observar en los controles silencio clínico y comienzo de neoformación ósea en la zona, se realizó la terapia definitiva. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que si bien los tratamientos de dientes con reabsorción apical externa son intervenciones complicadas, son posibles de tratar sin necesidad de recurrir a intervenciones quirúrgicas, aportando beneficios psicológicos y económicos para el paciente.

Long-term evaluation of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment using periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of Apical Root Resorption (ARR) after orthodontic treatment at 52-288 months using periapical radiography (PR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: Radiographic images obtained from 58 patients, before (T1) and after orthodontic treatment (T2), and following 52-288 months of treatment were analyzed by three members of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics. Apical structures were evaluated by PR images (T2 and T3), using Levander and Malmgren scores. The presence of ARR on CBCT images were detected only at T3. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for statistical analyses, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Kappa statistics determined interobserver agreement. RESULTS: The more frequent ARR were with scores 1 in T2 (51.6%) and T3 (53.1%), when evaluated by PR (p > 0.05). When compared the frequencies of ARR in T3 among PR and CBCT images, the differences were significant for maxillary and mandibular pre-molar groups, and for mandibular molar group (p > 0.05). The teeth with highest frequency of ARR presence using CBCT images were maxillary lateral incisors (94.5%) and mandibular central incisors (87.7%), while the premolars showed the lowest frequency. The CBCT images showed that the teeth involved in orthodontic treatment with extraction present higher ARR frequency (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PR showed more frequency of ARR in posterior teeth groups when compared with CBCT images. ARR did not change in long-term post treatment.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a frequência de reabsorção radicular apical (RRA) após tratamento ortodôntico, em longo prazo, por meio de imagens de radiografia periapical (RP) e tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). MÉTODOS: as imagens radiográficas obtidas de dentes de 58 pacientes, antes (T1), após o tratamento ortodôntico (T2) e decorridos pelo menos 52 meses do tratamento (T3), foram analisadas por três examinadores, membros do Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial. As estruturas apicais foram avaliadas por meio de imagens de RP (T2 e T3), utilizando o sistema de escores de Levander e Malmgren modificado. A presença de RRA nas imagens tomográficas obtidas em T3 foi detectada por um especialista em radiologia com experiência em TCFC. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, com nível de significância de 5%. O teste kappa determinou o nível de concordância entre os observadores. RESULTADOS: as RRAs mais frequentes foram as de escore 1 em T2 (51,6%) e em T3 (53,1%), quando avaliadas por RPs (p > 0,05). Quando comparadas as frequências de RRAs em T3, entre imagens de RP e de TCFC, a diferença foi estatisticamente significativa para o grupo de pré-molares da maxila e da mandíbula, e de molares mandibulares. Os dentes que apresentaram maior frequência de RRA quando analisados por meio de imagens de TCFC, foram os incisivos laterais superiores (94,5%) e os centrais inferiores (87,7%), enquanto os de menor frequência foram os pré-molares. As imagens de TCFC mostraram que os dentes envolvidos em tratamentos ortodônticos com extrações apresentaram maior frequência de RRA (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: as radiografias periapicais mostraram maior frequência de RRAs que as imagens de TCFC para os grupos de pré-molares e molares, não evidenciando alteração em longo prazo.

Apexificaçäo em dentes permanentes jovens com ápice incompleto e necrose pulpar indicaçöes, técnica e caso clínico / Apexification in nonvital young permanent teeth with incommplete root formation treatment procedures and report of case

Säo tecidas consideraçöes em torno das indicaçöes e técnicas utilizadas no tratamento de dentes permanentes jovens com ápice radicular incompleto e necrose pulpar, enfatizando o uso do hidróxido de cálcio associado ao iodofórmio nos procedimentos de apexificaçäo