The importance of central auditory evaluation in Friedreich's ataxia / A importância da avaliação auditiva central na ataxia de Friedreich

ABSTRACT Objective To assess central auditory function in Friedreich's ataxia. Methods A cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out. Thirty patients underwent the anamnesis, otorhinolaryngology examination, pure tone audiometry, acoustic immittance measures and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) assessments. Results The observed alterations were: 43.3% in the pure tone audiometry, bilateral in 36.7%; 56.6% in the BAEP test, bilateral in 50%; and 46.6% in the acoustic immittance test. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the comparison between the tests performed. Conclusion In the audiological screening, there was a prevalence of the descending audiometric configuration at the frequency of 4kHz, and absence of the acoustic reflex at the same frequency. In the BAEP test, there was a prevalence of an increase of the latencies in waves I, III and V, and in the intervals of interpeaks I-III, I-V and III-V. In 13.3% of the patients, wave V was absent, and all waves were absent in 3.3% of patients.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a função auditiva central na ataxia de Friedreich (AFRD). Métodos Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de corte transversal. 30 pacientes realizaram anamnese, avaliações otorrinolaringológica, audiológica, imitanciométrica e do potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico (PEATE). Resultados As alterações observadas foram: 43,3% no exame audiométrico sendo 36,7% dos casos, bilateralmente; 56,6% na avaliação do PEATE com 50% dos casos, bilateralmente e 46,6% no exame imitanciométrico. Houve diferença significativa (p < 0,05) na comparação entre os exames realizados. Conclusão No exame audiológico, ocorreu uma preponderância maior da configuração audiométrica descendente a partir da freqüência de 4kHz e ausência do reflexo acústico na mesma frequência. No exame do PEATE, houve prevalência do aumento das latências nas ondas I, III e V, e nos intervalos dos interpicos I-III, I-V e III-V. Em 13,3% dos casos, a onda V estava ausente, e em 3,3% dos casos, todas as ondas estavam ausentes.

Urinary Symptoms and Urodynamics Findings in Patients with Friedreich's Ataxia

Purpose To assess the prevalence of LUTS, urinary tract and urodynamics changes in patients with Friedreich's Ataxia (FA), the most common form of hereditary ataxia. Materials and Methods This study evaluated 258 patients with genetically confirmed diagnoses of FA. Of the patients, 158 responded to a questionnaire which assessed their urinary symptoms. Patients with clinical changes underwent renal function examinations, ultrasound, and urodynamic studies (UDS). Results The sample analyzed showed that 82% of the patients complained of LUTS, although only 22% related the symptoms with quality of life impairment. Twenty eight (18%) of them agreed to undergo urodynamic evaluation. Urgency was the most common symptom. The exam was normal in 4 (14%) and detrusor underactivity was the most common finding. 14% (4 patients) presented with dilatation of the upper urinary tract at ultrasound scans. None of them had creatinine alterations. Conclusions LUTS was found in a large percentage of patients with FA, but only a few related it to their quality of life impairment. Although creatinine levels was normal in this sample, some patients may show upper urinary tract abnormalities, with deserves close observation and proper care. .

Ataxia de Friedreich de inicio tardío: Descripción clínica en una familia argentina / Late onset Friedreich ataxia: clinical description of a family in Argentina

La ataxia de Friedreich (AF) es la ataxia hereditaria más común; está causada por una expansión anormal del triplete GAA del primer intrón del gen X25 en el cromosoma 9. Se presenta comúnmente en menores de 25 años y se asocia a trastornos musculoesqueléticos, endocrinos y miocárdicos. Entre sus variantes fenotípicas se describen casos que inician su sintomatología después de los 25 años de edad, definidos como ataxia de Freidreich de inicio tardío (AFIT). Nuestro objetivo fue la descripción de una familia con tres hermanos afectados, todos de inicio tardío. Los síntomas se iniciaron entre los 32 y 34 años, con trastornos de la marcha y disartria cerebelosa, que se agravaron en el curso de 6 a 12 meses, haciéndose más evidentes. Ninguno presentaba compromiso musculoesquelético ni miocárdico. No existían antecedentes familiares de ataxias u otros trastornos neurológicos. En 2 casos se realizó estudio genético que evidenció la expansión anormal del triplete GAA, confirmando el diagnóstico de AF. Se realizaron resonancias magnéticas (RM) de encéfalo, encontrándose atrofia medular con preservación de estructuras cerebelosas en dos casos, y atrofia vermiana y medular en el tercero. En las ataxias cerebelosas con disartria y pérdida de la sensibilidad profunda que se inician después de los 25 años, sean éstas esporádicas o vinculadas a una herencia recesiva, se debe considerar la investigación de expansiones GAA en el gen de la AF.

Friedreich Ataxia (FA) is the most common hereditary ataxia, caused by abnormal expansion of the GAA triplet of the first intron of the X25 gene on chromosome 9. Clinically it occurs in patients under the age of 25 and it is frequently associated with musculoskeletal, endocrine and myocardial disorders. Among their phenotypic variants there are patients starting their symptoms after the age of 25. The latter group is defined as late onset Freidreich ataxia (LOFA). The objective of this work is to present three siblings affected by late onset Friedreich ataxia. Their symptoms began between the ages of 32 and 34, with gait disturbance and dysarthria of cerebellar type, which worsened, thus becoming more evident in the course of 6-12 months. None had musculoskeletal or myocardial involvement. There was no family history of ataxia or other neurological disorders. Two of these patients underwent genetic study that showed abnormal expansion of GAA triplet confirming the diagnosis of FA. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed. Proximal spinal cord atrophy, sparing cerebellar structures, was found in two of the cases and vermian atrophy associated with proximal spinal cord atrophy was observed in the third one. Molecular testing GAA expansions in the FA gene should be considered in cerebellar ataxia with dysarthria and loss of proprioception.

Ataxia de Friedreich y embarazo / Friedreich's ataxia and pregnancy

Se presenta un caso clínico exitoso de embarazo y parto en un paciente portadora de una ataxia de Friedrich

Clinical and molecular studies in five Brazilian cases of Friedreich ataxia

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), the most commom autosomal recessive ataxia, is caused in 94 per cent of cases by homozygous expansions of an unstable GAA repeat localised in intron 1 of the X25 gene. We have investigated this mutation in five Brazilian patients: four with typical FRDA findings and one patient with atypical manifestations, who was considered to have some other form of cerebellar ataxia with retained reflexes. The GAA expansion was detected in all these patients. The confirmation of FRDA diagnosis in the atypical case may be pointing out, as in other reports, that clinical spectrum of Friedreich's ataxia is broader than previously recognised and includes cases with intact tendon reflexes.