Neuropatía óptica severa por etambutol / Severe optic neuropathy by ethambutol

Un varón de 51 años de edad con antecedentes de tuberculosis (TB) pulmonar en el año 2000, tratado por régimen 2RHZE/4RH. Presentó una recurrencia de TB con baciloscopía positiva y sensible a la rifampicina (Figura 1). Recibió etambutol (15 mg/kg/día), isoniacida (300 mg/día), rifampicina (600 mg/día) y pirazinamida (25mg/Kg/ día), más piridoxina 150 mg/ día. Tres meses después, el paciente presentó pérdida de la agudeza visual (AV) en ambos ojos (AO): 1/10 ojo derecho y 2/10 ojo izquierdo.

Monitorização de células-tronco mesenquimais injetadas via retrobulbar próximas ao nervo óptico lesados de coelhos / Monitoring of stem cells from adipose tissue injected via retrobulbar next to previously injured optic nerve of rabbits

Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a presença das células-tronco mesenquimais (MSC) na área próxima ao nervo óptico de coelhos previamente lesado com álcool absoluto. Métodos: Os 12 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia foram distribuídos em 2 lotes. Após sedação, cada olho do animal recebeu uma injeção retrobulbar de 1 ml de álcool absoluto em um dos olhos e de 1 ml de solução fisiológica 0,9% (SF) no olho contralateral. Após 15 dias deste procedimento inicial todos os olhos dos animais pertencentes ao lote A, receberam via retrobulbar, uma solução contendo MSC de tecido adiposo humano e previamente marcadas com Qdots,. Todos os olhos dos animais do lote B receberam solução PBS. Resultados: Após 15 dias desta última aplicação os animais foram sacrificados e as lâminas foram analisadas. A presença das MSC foi observada em 100% dos olhos dos animais do lote A. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a marcação prévia das MSC com Qdots permitiu o acompanhamento das mesmas na região aplicada e em áreas mais internas do nervo óptico. A permanência de MSC após 15 dias de aplicação ao redor do nervo óptico sugere a viabilidade e possível participação das mesmas no processo de regeneração do tecido lesado. Nas condições deste estudo, a via de aplicação retrobulbar permitiu a mobilização das células tronco do local de aplicação até áreas centrais dos nervos ópticos nos animais do lote A, sugerindo que esta poderá ser uma via de acesso eficaz para as MSC no processo de regeneração de neuropatias ópticas.

Abstract Obtective: To verify the presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the area close to the optic nerve of previously injured with absolute alcohol. Methods: Twelve New Zealand breed rabbits were divided into two groups, and after sedation, each eye of the animal received a retrobulbar injection of 1 ml of absolute ethanol in one eye, and 1 ml of physiological solution 0.9 % (PS) in the contralateral eye. After 15 days all eyes of animals belonging to group A, received via retrobulbar a solution containing MSCs from human adipose tissue (AT) and previously marked with Qdots, while all eyes of animals from group B received solution containing PBS. Results: The presence of MSC was observed in 100% of the eyes of the animals of group A and the more central areas near and into the optic nerve. Conclusion: The results suggest that the appointment of MSC with Qdots allowed their follow-up applied in the region and in the inner areas of the optic nerve. The MSC permanence after 15 days of application around the optic nerve suggests the feasibility and possible involvement of the same during the damaged tissue regeneration process. Under the conditions of this study, the route of retrobulbar application and the presence of the stem cells to the central areas of the optic nerves in animals of group A, suggests that this might be an effective approach for MSCs in regeneration process of optic neuropathies.

Caracterización de los pacientes con neuritis óptica que consultaron al servicio de oftalmología del Hospital de San José / Clinical features of optic neuritis patients at Hospital de San José ophthalmology department

Objetivo: describir y caracterizar los pacientes con neuritis óptica que asisten al servicio de oftalmología del Hospital de San José. Diseño: estudio observacional retrospectivo. Métodos: se revisaron historias clínicas de pacientes que asistieron a la consulta de oftalmología desde septiembre de 2007 hasta agosto de 2012 y se tomaron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de neuritis óptica. Se revisaron en total 174 historias clínicas, de las cuales 78 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y 96 fueron excluidas. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes con neuritis óptica en este estudio, tuvieron esclerosis múltiple (34%). Al inicio del episodio agudo, la mayoría de los pacientes tenían AV entre MM y CD, con recuperación visual significativa a 20/70 o mejor (55%). Los pacientes presentaron comúnmente defecto pupilar aferente relativo, saturación al rojo disminuida y alteraciones del campo visual. El tipo de neuritis más frecuente fue la neuritis óptica retrobulbar. Conclusiones: la neuritis óptica es una patología que presenta características clínicas variables y su etiología puede corresponder a gran variedad de patologías según su clasificación. De la realización de una buena historia clínica y un adecuado examen oftalmológico, la evaluación interdisciplinaria, se puede hacer un diagnóstico adecuado y rápido para el manejo y estudio de ésta patología; disminuyendo así las complicaciones que puedan afectar definitiva e irreversiblemente la calidad de vida de los pacientes que la presentan.

Objective: to describe and characterize patients with optic neuritis attending the ophthalmology department of the Hospital de San José. Design: retrospective observational study. Methods: review of medical records of patients attending the ophthalmology department from September 2007 until August 2012. All patients diagnosed with optic neuritis were reviewed. A total of 174 records; 78 of them met the inclusion criteria and 96 were excluded. Results: 34% of patients with optic neuritis in this study had multiple sclerosis. At the beginning of the episode, most patients had visual acuity between HM and CF, with significant visual recovery to 20/70 or better (55%). Patients frequently presented relative afferent pupillary defect, decreased in red saturation and visual field defects. The most common type of neuritis found was retrobulbar optic neuritis.

Sildenafil y coroidopatía serosa central. Reporte de caso / Sildenafil and serous central choroidopathy. A case report

Purpose: to describe one case of concomitance of sildenafil intake and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) in a 29 years male. Considerations about evolution and treatment are presented as well as a revision of the carce literature found. Conclusion: concomitance between sildenafil and CSC is extremely rare, and as an adverse event can be classified just as "possible". Evidence reports are not statically significant for this association although there is plausible hipothesis to support it.

Hipertensão arterial sistêmica e suas repercussões oculares / Eye manifestations of hypertension

Os autores revisam as repercussões oculares da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica enfocando os aspectos mais importantes relacionados à história, fisiopatologia, quadro clínico, prognóstico visual e tratamento

Bilateral complete optic nerve head avulsion

The case of a 17-year-old boy who suffered a bilateral optic nerve head avulsion following severe facial trauma from a motor vehicle accident is reported. The diagnosis was based on clinical evaluation of both fundi and serial fundus photographs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of bilateral optic nerve head avulsion to be documented, although rare incidences of unilateral events have been reported