Changes in Urinary Stone Composition in the Tunisian Population: A Retrospective Study of 1,301 Cases

BACKGROUND: Studies that evaluate the effect of age on stone composition are scarce. The aim of this study was to highlight the changes in epidemiological characteristics (stone composition and location) of urolithiasis according to patients' age. METHODS: We studied 1,301 urolithiasis patients with age ranging from 6 months to 92 yr (781 males and 520 females). Stone analysis was performed using a stereomicroscope and infrared spectroscopy to determine the morphological type and molecular composition of each stone. RESULTS: The annual average incidence of new stone formation was 31.7 per 100,000 persons. In 71.8% of cases, calculi were located in the upper urinary tract. Compared to other age groups, children and old men were more affected by bladder stones. Calcium oxalate monohydrate was the most frequent stone component, even though its frequency decreased with age (59.5% in young adults and 43.7% in the elderly, P<0.05) in favor of an increase in uric acid stones (11.5% in young adults and 36.4% in the elderly, P<0.05). Struvite stones were rare (3.8%) and more frequent in children than in adults. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of these data showed that urinary stones in Tunisian patients are tending to evolve in the same direction as the stones in patients from industrialized countries.

Litíase experimental: efeitos do conteúdo mineral (dureza) total da água na formaçäo e no crescimento de cálculos na bexiga de ratos / Experimental lithiasis: effect of water hardness on bladder calculi formation and growth in rats

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do conteúdo mineral total (dureza total) da água do crescimento de cálculos induzidos por implante de molde de zinco na bexiga de ratos. Foram utilizados 77 ratos Wistar, machos, com peso entre 250 e 350 g, alimentados com dieta padräo e com livre acesso a água. Os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos, de acordo com o tipo de água utilizado; o grupo-I (n=30) recebeu água com 10 mg/l de carbonato de cálcio na dureza total, o grupo-II (n=30) recebeu água com dureza total de 604 mg/l e o grupo controle (n=17) recebeu água desmineralizada. O protocolo teve duraçäo de 42 dias e constou de 2 fases: inicial (operaçäo para lavagem vesical e introduçäo de corpo estranho na bexiga) e final (operaçäo para retirada de cálculos). Nas 2 fases, foi coletada urina de 24 h para dosagem de creatina, cálcio, ácido úrico, fósforo, magnésio, sódio e potássio. Na fase final, foram incluídas dosagens plasmáticas destes eletrólitos. O peso e o número dos cálculos, bem como a positividade das uroculturas foram significativamente maiores no grupo-II (p<0,05), quando comparadas com os outros grupos. Estes dados sugerem que a dureza total da água influencia a formaçäo de cálculos satélites, o crescimento do cálculo matriz e determina uma maior positividade de urocultura neste tipo de modelo experimental

Chemical analysis of urinary calculi in Haryana.

Quantitative chemical analysis of 225 urinary calculi (128 Renal, 57 bladder and 40 ureter) collected from hospitals of different districts of Haryana was carried out. CaOxM was found to be present as a major component in all the stones analysed, while MAP, HA, CA and UA were found in 83.7%, 83.6%, 13% and 78.9% cases, respectively. The content of CaOxM was found to be higher in renal stones as compared to ureter and bladder stones, while the concentration of MAP was higher in bladder stones as compared to kidney and ureter stones. HA content was higher in ureter and UA was higher in bladder stones as compared to other urinary stones.

Pre-neoplastic lesions in the urinary bladder of rats with portocaval shunt / Lesöes pré-neoplásicas na bexiga urinária de ratos com anastomose porto-cava

As alteraçoes histopatológicas da bexiga urinária de ratos submetidos à anastomose portocava (A.P.C.) foram estudadas. Noventa e cinco ratos Wistar de ambos os sexos foram distribuídos por sorteio em 2 grupos experimentais: GI, 42 ratos controles submetidos à operaçao simulada (sham-operated); GII, 53 ratos normais submetidos à anastomose porto-cava por microcirurgia. Aos 4,8 e 12 meses de pós-operatório, ratos de ambos os grupos foram sacrificados. As lesoes da bexiga urinária foram analisadas através de estudo histológico convencional com Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE) e morfometria. Dezessete ratos (32 por cento) do GII apresentaram cálculos na bexiga urinária, cuja freqüência aumentou progressivamente durante o seguimento. Quarenta e sete ratos (88,7 por cento) deste grupo também apresentaram alteraçoes morfológicas no epitélio vesical, caracterizadas por: cistite (31,9 por cento), metaplasia escamosa (19,1 por cento), papilomatose (29,8 por cento) e papiloma (19,1 por cento); essas últimas, caracterizadas por severa hiperplasia urotelial pré-neoplásica. Ratos do GI nao apresentaram cálculos, nem alteraçoes histopatológicas na bexiga urinária. O presente estudo, provavelmente, contribuirá para a melhor compreensao dos mecanismos biológicos implicados na carcinogênese vesical e na litíase urinária.

Vesical calculi-Iraq pattern

A prospective study on 43 patients with vesical calculi proved them to be the third most common urinary tract calculi. 97.7% of patients were males, with 51.2% of patients being above the age of 50 years, and 18.6% below the age of 10 years. Urinary frequency, Dysuria, Interrupted Urinary stream, and Heamturia were the predominant Clinical Manifestations. In 27.9% of cases, other urinary tract caculi were present simultaneously. 86% of vesical calculi were solitary, and about 2/3rds were 2-5 cm in size. A Calcium Radical was the commonest component of vesical calculi, with the commonest constituents being calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid. In 44.1% of cases, an associated pathological condition was present. In addition to the above mentioned features of vesical calculi in Iraq, there are also aetiological factors specific to Iraq given vesical calculi in this country a specific pattern, an Iraqi pattern

Evaluation of Musa (Paradisiaca Linn. cultivar)--"Puttubale" stem juice for antilithiatic activity in albino rats.

The fresh juice of Musa stem (Puttubale) was tested for its antilithiatic activity. Zinc discs were implanted in the urinary bladder of albino rats to induce urolithiasis. The stones formed were mainly of magnesium ammonium phosphate with traces of calcium oxalate. Musa stem juice (3 mL/rat/day orally) was found to be effective in reducing the formation and also in dissolving the pre-formed stones.