Risk factors for survival after head and neck cancer: a cohort study in the south of Espirito Santo state

Introduction: Head and check squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) affects the Brazilian population with a high incidence and usually has a poor prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for survival of patients diagnosed with HNSCC and investigate the influence of epidemiological and clinical factors on the prognostic of HNSCC in southeastern Brazil. Materials and Methods: Clinical records of 211 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed and treated between 2010 and 2018 at a reference hospital for oncology, were selected. Clinical and pathological characteristics at diagnosis and for 5 years follow up were collected. The Kaplan-Meier Curve with the Log-Rank test assessed survival, and forward stepwise multivariate logistic regression model was performed to determine the factors affecting HNSCC survival. Results: The 5-year overall survival was 30.0%. Laryngeal cancer was the most prevalent (34.1%), followed by oropharynx (33.6%) and oral cavity (24.2%). About 64% of patients had locally advanced tumors (T3 and T4) and 75.4% of the patients were diagnosed as being in the advanced clinical stages (III and IV). In the multivariate analysis, the locally advanced tumors (OR=2.748; 95%CI:1.310- 5.765), palliative chemotherapy (OR=15.757; 95%CI:5.868-42.309) and metastasis during oncological follow-up (OR=11.602; 95%CI:1.380-97.507) were associated with a poor prognosis. Conclusion: The survival rate was considered low when compared with the literature. Locally advanced tumors, palliative chemotherapy, and the appearance of metastases during follow-up were considered the most important risk factors associated with a low HNSCC survival.

Introdução: O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) de cabeça e pescoço possui alta incidência na população brasileira e normalmente está associado a um prognóstico desfavorável. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores de risco para sobrevida de pacientes diagnosticados com CCE de cabeça e pescoço e investigar a influência de fatores clínicoepidemiológicos no prognóstico do CCE. Materiais e Métodos: Foram selecionados prontuários de 211 pacientes com CCE de cabeça e pescoço diagnosticados e tratados entre 2010 e 2018 em um hospital de referência em oncologia. Foram coletadas as características clínico-patológicas no momento do diagnóstico e nos 5 anos de acompanhamento. A curva de Kaplan-Meier com o teste Log-Rank avaliou a sobrevivência e o modelo de regressão logística multivariada progressiva foram realizados para determinar os fatores que afetaram a sobrevivência do CCE. Resultados: A sobrevida global em 5 anos foi de 30,0%. O câncer de laringe foi o mais prevalente (34,1%), seguido de orofaringe (33,6%) e cavidade oral (24,2%). 64% dos pacientes apresentavam tumores localmente avançados (T3 e T4) e 75,4% dos pacientes foram diagnosticados em estádios clínicos avançados (III e IV). Na análise multivariada, os tumores localmente avançados (RC = 2,748; IC 95%: 1,310-5,765), quimioterapia paliativa (RC = 15,757; IC 95%: 5,868-42,309) e metástases durante o acompanhamento oncológico (RC = 11,602; IC 95%: 1,380-97,507) foram associados a um pior prognóstico. Conclusão: A taxa de sobrevida foi considerada baixa. Tumores localmente avançados, quimioterapia paliativa e aparecimento de metástases durante o seguimento foram considerados os fatores de risco mais importantes associados a uma baixa sobrevida.

Mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014

Abstract Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is considered a public health problem in several countries due to its high incidence and mortality rate. Objective: This study aimed to analyze oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014 by age, sex and country region. Methodology: A time series ecological study using secondary data was performed. Data on mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancers were obtained from the Vital Statistics Department of Uruguay's Ministry of Public Health. Results: The cumulative mortality rate due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer over the study period was of 19.26/100,000 persons in women and 83.61/100.000 in men, with a mean annual rate of 1.75/100,000 in women and 7.60/100,000 in men. Mortality rate from both sites during the study period was 4.34 times higher in men than in women. Malignant neoplasms of other parts of the tongue and base of tongue showed the highest mortality rate. The means of the annual coefficients of deaths were higher for the age groups between 50 and 69 years. Higher mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were observed in Artigas (4.63) and Cerro Largo (3.75). Conclusions: Our study described a high mortality rate for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014. According to the country's health department, men, tongue cancer, and oral cavity had higher mortality rates, with some variation. Prevention strategies with control of risk factors and early diagnosis are necessary to improve survival in the Uruguayan population.