Abordagem atual do carcinoma ductal in situ da mama / Current approach of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

Carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) é uma proliferação de células epiteliais malignas confinadas dentro da membrana basal dos ductos mamários. Houve um aumento expressivo do diagnóstico do CDIS nas duas últimas décadas devido aos programas de rastreamento de câncer de mama. Conseqüentemente, a abordagem de pacientes com estas lesões assume grande importância na prática clínica diária. A apresentação mais comum do CDIS na mamografia são as microcalcificações. Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos o agulhamento mamário guiado por mamografia continua sendo o método padrão para obtenção de material para o estudo histopatológico das alterações mamográficas suspeitas. As opções terapêuticas para o CDIS incluem mastectomia, excisão local combinada ou não com radioterapia. Abordagem axilar não é necessária no tratamento do CDIS puro sendo indicado em casos selecionados como no caso de micro-invasão ou em lesões extensas quando há indicação de mastectomia. Nestes casos a pesquisa do linfonodo sentinela pode ser uma excelente alternativa. Nos casos de cirurgia conservadora deve-se ter sempre a preocupação de obter margens cirúrgicas livres, sendo este o fator mais importante no controle local da doença. Apesar dos estudos mostrarem que o tamoxifeno reduz eventos invasivos e não invasivos, bilateralmente existem alguns efeitos adversos que devem ser discutidos com o paciente. Tendo em vista que o CDIS constitui um grupo heterogêneo de lesões e não uma única entidade e que as pacientes têm diferentes necessidades, utilizar um único enfoque para todos os CDIS e para todas as pacientes não é adequado. Por isto a seleção do tratamento para as pacientes com CDIS deve ser individualizada. A tomada de decisões terapêuticas deve ser compartilhada entre todos os médicos especialistas envolvidos, levando-se em conta as particularidades de cada paciente e sua doença

Cáncer de mama: experiencia del Centro Integral de la Mama de Clínica Las Condes 1996-2005 / Breast Cancer: Centro Integral de la Mama de Clínica Las Condes experience

Se presenta la experiencia del Centro Integral de la Mama (CIM) de Clínica Las Condes en diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de mama, a diez años de su formación; y se evalúa si la intervención multidisciplinaria impacta en las posibilidades de conservar la mama y aumentar la sobrevivencia. Se busca establecer el impacto favorable del trabajo multidisciplinario sobre el cáncer de mama, principalmente en su etapa diagnóstica, aumentando los porcentajes de tumores menores de 2 cms, lo que permite incrementar los índices de cirugía conservadora de la mama, así como obtener una supervivencia global del 95 por ciento a cinco años.

Changes in incidence of in situ and invasive breast cancer by histology type following mammography screening.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate secular trends and correlates of incidence of breast cancer by histology type following the introduction of population-based mammography screening. METHODS: Analysis of age-standardised incidence rates for 1,423 in situ and 16,157 invasive carcinomas recorded on the South Australian population-based cancer registry for the 1985-2004 diagnostic period. Multiple logistic regression was undertaken to compare socio-demographic characteristics by histology. Progression from in situ disease was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The incidence of in situ lesions increased approximately seven-fold over the 20-year period, compared with an increase of about 40% for invasive cancers. The increase for in situ lesions was due to increases for ductal carcinomas, with little change for lobular lesions. By comparison, the percentage increase in incidence for invasive cancer was greater for lobular than ductal cancers. Both for in situ and invasive cancers, percentage increases were greatest for the screening target age range of 50-69 years. One in 14 in situ cases was found to progress to invasive cancer within seven years of diagnosis, but insufficient detail was available to determine whether the invasive cancers were a progression of the in situ lesions or whether they originated separately. These invasive cancers were smaller than generally applying for other invasive cancers of the female breast. CONCLUSIONS: The larger secular increases in incidence for in situ than invasive cancers would reflect the dominant role of mammography in the detection of ductal carcinoma in situ. The lack of an increase for lobular in situ lesions may have resulted from their poorer radiological visibility. The greater percentage increase for lobular than ductal invasive lesions may have been due to an increase in imaging sensitivity for these lesions, plus real increases in incidence. The smaller sizes of invasive cancers found in women with a prior in situ diagnosis may have resulted from more intensive medical surveillance, although the possibility of biological differences cannot be discounted.

Extensive intraduct component in invasive duct carcinoma of the breast: prevalence and significance in a south Asian setting.

Extensive intraduct component (EIC) in invasive duct carcinoma is one of the main factors affecting local cancer recurrence and thereby a major consideration in breast conserving therapy. A retrospective study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of extensive intraductal component in a South Asian setting. 105 cases of invasive duct carcinoma reported at a University Pathology Department during a 75 month period from January 1992, were reviewed. 48.6 percent of all cases assessed had an intraductal component. 13.3 percent had an EIC. Of the seventy-two T1 and T2 tumours reviewed 5.6 percent showed EIC. The results of this study indicate that by virtue of its low prevalence. EIC in infiltrating ductal cancer is unlikely to be a major obstacle in the decision of breast conserving therapy in the South Asian region.

Cáncer ductal in situ de la mama: estudio retrospectivo de 15 años / Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: retrospective study of 15 years

El carcinoma ductal in situ de la mama se ha ido haciendo una entidad cada vez más frecuente en la práctica con el uso más extendido de la mamografía, y por eso parece interesante presentar la distribución en el tiempo de los casos de un grupo quirúrgico, el modo cómo se trataron las pacientes y los resultados del tratamiento, como asimismo la proporción que representó el CDIS respecto al carcinoma invasor. Desde enero de 1982 a junio de 1997 se trataron 1.212 pacientes de cáncer de mama, de las cuales 35 fueron CDIS (5,2 por ciento). El promedio de edad de presentación fue de 56,8 años, con un rango de 29 a 82 años. El motivo de consulta fue nódulo en 15 pacientes (42,9 por ciento), hallazgo en mamografía de tamizaje 12 (34,3 por ciento). Otros motivos de consulta fueron secreción por el pezón, dolor y úlcera del pezón. Entre 1982 y 1991 se presentaron 15 pacientes, tratándose el 100 por ciento de ellas de lesiones palpables, y entre 1992 y junio de 1997 se presentaron 20 pacientes, con un 70 por ciento de lesiones no palpables. El tratamiento, asociando cirugía conservadora sin disección axilar, con radioterapia, logra un control locorregional y a distancia adecuado. Estos resultados son comparables con otras series extranjeras

Pattern of breast cancer in Saudi females in eastern province of Saudi Arabia.

We present our retrospective analysis of malignant breast tumours seen at King Fahd University Hospital between 1982 to 1987. 1,658 Saudi nationals were admitted with different malignant conditions, out of this 69 (4.1%) females suffered from breast cancer. Majority of the patients were between the age 31-50 years and half of them presented within the first 6 months of the symptoms. All the patients were married, multiparous and had breast fed their new born. Our study suggests that the incidence of breast cancer among Saudi women is low, multiparous and breast feeding in no way gives any protection to the patients and ductal carcinoma remains the commonest histological type of breast tumour.

Male breast cancer: a 20-year review of 16 cases at Yonsei University

Sixteen cases of male breast cancer seen over a 20-year period were reviewed. The causes of cancer of the male breast are no better understood, but major alterations in hormonal environment could be a significant factor. Some clinical characteristics correspond well with the results of other series. The median age at presentation was 61.7 years. The most frequent initial symptom was a painless mass, and the incidences of nipple discharge, central tumor location, and axillary node involvement were high. Males also had a higher incidence of local advancement which was associated with a longer delay in seeking treatment and small breast tissue. The pathologic type was infiltrating ductal type in all cases except one, and all cases showed favorable nuclear grade. Estrogen receptor analysis was performed from the tumor of 2 patients. Both of them showed a high receptor level. There was no locoregional relapse in 5 patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy in contrast to the 2 relapses in 3 patients who underwent surgery alone. And three of the five patients who received radiotherapy suffered from systemic metastasis which suggested the important role of adjuvant chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy. In light of the encouraging results about adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment for female breast cancer with axillary lymph node involvement, it would be desirable to extend this policy to male breast cancer.