Metastatic malignant solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas

No abstract available.

Utilidad de la detección de tiroglobulina en el aspirado de punción ganglionar cervical en el seguimiento de pacientes con cancer papilar de tiroides / Thyroglobulin levels in needle lymph node cytology for the detection of papillary thyroid cancer recurrence

Background: During the detection ofneck recurrence in patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC), sometimes it is difficult to distinguish metastatic from inflammatory neck lymph nodes. The measurement of serum thyroglobulin (sTg) under thyroid hormone suppression therapy the presence of serum thyroglobulin antibodies (sAbTg), the diagnostic whole body sean and cytology can give false negative results. Measurement of thyroglobulin in the washout fluid from fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of suspicious neck lymph nodes could improve the diagnostic aecuracy Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of detecting Tg in lymph nodes (LTg) suspicious by ultrasonography (US) and compare it to cytology. Patients and Methods: Between the years 2004 and 2007 we prospectively studied 30 patients with PTC and cervical US findings of suspicious recurrence. LTg was assayed in US guided FNAB used for cytology. Results: Sixteen out of 30 patients underwent surgery using as selective criteria an LTg higher than sTg or a positive cytology. Surgery confirmed the presence of metástasis in all 15 patients with positive LTg (8 with positive cytology) and in 1 patient with negative LTg and positive cytology (a case with undifferentiated thyroid cancer). The sensitivity was 93.7 percent for LTg and 56.2 percent for cytology. We identified byLTg 3 of 6 patients with undetectable sTg and positive sAbTg. Conclusions: The presence of LTg showed a higher sensitivity than cytology for the detection of cervical lymph node metástasis. This method is useful even in the presence ofsAbTg.

Detección de marcadores de malignidad en nódulos tiroideos por transcripción reversa y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RT-PCR) / Detection of malignancy markers in thyroid nodules by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

BACKGROUND: Nodular thyroid disease is a very common disorder with a low frequency of malignancy. The most accurate diagnostic test is fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of nodules with cytological analysis of the sample. However, this procedure has some limitations in the diagnosis of follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma. AIM: To detect mRNA from specific malignancy markers in thyroid nodules and to evaluate their potential correlation with cytological and pathological diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 20 patients with thyroid nodules FNAB was performed prior to surgery. The main part of the FNAB sample was used to perform classical cytology. In the remaining of the sample were detected MUC-1, CD26, galectin-3 and TSH receptor mRNAs by RT-PCR technique. RESULTS: Eight patients had positive cytology for papillary cancer, which was confirmed by pathology. Nine had suspicious or non conclusive cytological findings and 3 were negative for neoplastic cells; all 12 were pathologically benign. We detected TSH receptor and galectin-3 mRNA in almost all benign and malignant nodules. MUC-1 was present in 5/8 papillary carcinoma (62.5%), and 1/12 benign nodules (8.3%). CD26 was detected in 7/8 papillary carcinomas but also in 8/12 benign nodules. CONCLUSIONS: RT-PCR can be performed in very small samples of thyroid tissue to detect several mRNA markers. MUC-1 can be a potentially useful marker of malignancy in thyroid nodules. It can be detected by RT-PCR as a complementary technique in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules.

Immunohistochemistry of thyroid carcinoma--an experience with thyroglobulin and calcitonin.

A retrospective immunohistochemical study of 33 cases of primary thyroid carcinomas and 5 cases of metastases to thyroid was carried out. The immunostaining for thyroglobulin and calcitonin was done by peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. The optimum staining results were obtained by proper standardisation of the staining procedure and reagents. The sections were systematically evaluated for immunostaining intensity and distribution. The observations revealed that thyroglobulin and calcitonin could be useful as sensitive and specific histogenetic markers for follicular and parafollicular cell derived thyroid carcinomas respectively. However, there was no absolute correlation between thyroglobulin positivity and grade of differentiation. The immunostaining could not differentiate follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma. More extensive study using other markers may be useful for better patient management.

Clinical evaluation of serum thyroglobulin measurements in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma

As concentraçöes séricas de tireoglobulina (Tg), T3, T4 e TSH foram analisadas em 52 pacientes com carcinoma diferenciado de tireóide após tireoidectomia total, enquanto a medicaçäo supressiva por L-tiroxina havia sido suspensa. Mapeamento ósseo, radiografia torácica e mapeamento radioisotópico de corpo inteiro (MRCI) foram igualmente solicitados. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: G1) sem remanescente tissular tireóideo na área cervical (n=12); G2) com remanescente tissular tireóideo cervical mas sem metástases locais ou distantes (n=27); e G3) com a presença de metástases pulmonares, ósseas ou cervicais (n=13). As concentraçöes de Tg séricas foram, respectivamente (média DP): 99 + ou - 5,7 µg/L (G1), 29,9 + ou - 22,9 µg/L (G2) e 564,8 + ou - 833,4 µg/L (G3). Observou-se correlaçäo significativa entre os achados clínicos, a presença de MRCI positivo ou negativo e o nível de Tg sérica. As concentraçöes séricas de Tg revelaram-se mais sensíveis que o MRCI para detecçäo de eventual metástase, apesar de haver certo grau de superposiçäo de valores de Tg sérica entre os pacientes dos grupos 2 e 3. Em outro grupo de pacientes (n=141) com diagnóstico prévio de câncer de tireóide diferenciado, analisou-se a Tg sérica por método imunorradiométrico (IRMA), enquanto os indivíduos se achavam sob a açäo de doses supressivas de L-tiroxina. A Tg sérica mostrou-se näo detectável (<1,0 µg/L) em 94 por cento dos pacientes do grupo 1 (sem remanescente tireóideo) e em 75 por cento dos indivíduos do grupo 2. A Tg sérica variou de <1,0 µg/L até 88 µg/L nos pacientes dos grupos 3 e 4. Concluímos que o método IRMA usando dois anticorpos monoclonais é mais sensível e permite melhor acompanhamento, com mais segurança, do paciente com diagnóstico prévio de câncer de tireóide. Recomenda-se que a verificaçäo da Tg sérica seja realizada com um MRCI em pacientes tireoidectomizados, pelo menos na fase inicial.