Cáncer diferenciado de tiroides en tiroides lingual, presentación de un caso / Differentiated thyroid cancer in the lingual thyroid, presentation of a case

The lingual thyroid carcinoma is very uncommon neoplasia with an incidence of less than 1 percent. The papillary variant is the most frequent. Cervical MRI helps differentiate muscle from thyroid tissue. The definitive diagnosis is given by histology. Management is similar to that of orthotopic thyroid cancer. We present the case of a 23-year-old woman with hypothyroidism undergoing treatment with dysphagia and sensation of pharyngeal foreign body and malodorous oral bleeding. Nasopharyngoscopy showed a rounded mass at the base of the tongue; the biopsy was compatible with thyroid neoplasia. Image study with ultrasound confirms empty thyroid bed with presence of lingual ectopic thyroid. The team of surgeons performed surgery with Trotter Technique, they removed a tumor of 4 centimeters of diameter. The definitive biopsy concludes minimally invasive follicular carcinoma. The treatment was completed with 100 mCi of radioiodine. Systemic screening at 7 days was negative, as the post-operative thyroglobulin (Tg)

Struma ovarii con un foco de micro-carcinoma papilar variante folicular de tiroides: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Struma ovarii with follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: report of one case

Struma ovarii is an ovarian teratoma composed mainly of thyroid tissue, which can occasionally develop a malignant thyroid tumor. We report a 61 years old female consulting for a metrorrhagia in whom an ovarian cyst was discovered. The patient was subjected to a hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy. The pathological study of the surgical piece revealed a focus of papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular variety in a right struma ovarii. Three months after surgery, an abdominal CAT scan did not show any abnormality.

Diffuse Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a 69-Year-old Man with Extensive Extrathyroidal Extension: A Case Report

Diffuse follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (DFVPTC) is a rare variant papillary thyroid carcinoma. DFVPTC typically occurs in young females, extensively involves one lobe or both lobes entirely with frequent nodal metastasis and vascular invasion. In contrast to the other subtypes of follicular variant, DFVPTC has biologically aggressive behavior. We present a case of DFVPTC arising in a 69-yr-old male patient. He presented hoarseness for a few months. Following diagnosis of malignancy on aspiration cytology, total thyroidectomy with neck dissection was performed. The tumor involved both lobes of thyroid, encroaching the surrounding structures including tracheal cartilage and esophagus. Multiple lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion were also found. The patient passed away due to the unexplained bleeding of surgical site.

Role of pro-angiogenic marker galectin-3 in follicular neoplasms of thyroid.

The role of pro-angiogenic marker galectin-3 (GAL-3) was examined in differential diagnosis of follicular neoplasms of thyroid into histological subsets of follicular adenoma (FA), follicular carcinoma (FC) and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC). The study included 22 cases from January 2006 to June 2011 comprising of FA (n = 12), FC (n = 3) and FVPTC (n = 7). Immunohistochemical evaluation of GAL-3 was performed on representative histologic sections from the resected thyroid specimens. The proportion of stained cells and intensity of staining in tumor blood vessels were evaluated. GAL-3 expression showed that angiogenesis was prominent in malignancy (FC and FVPTC) and negative in non-neoplastic thyroid parenchyma and benign condition (FA). GAL-3 expression was found to differentiate benign from malignant follicular neoplasms. Focal and diffuse positivity for GAL-3 was found to be associated with FC and FVPTC respectively, thus GAL-3 can be used as a immunohistochemical marker in the differential diagnosis of follicular neoplasms of thyroid based on the type of expression. Limitation of this study was relatively less number of cases studied; however, this data need to be corroborated in larger cohort.

Diagnostic Value of Galectin-3, HBME-1, Cytokeratin 19, High Molecular Weight Cytokeratin, Cyclin D1 and p27(kip1) in the Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules

The distinction between benign and malignant thyroid tumors is critical for the management of patients with thyroid nodules. We applied immunohistochemical staining for galectin-3, HBME-1, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), cyclin D1 and p27(kip1) in 295 thyroid lesions to determine their diagnostic accuracy. The expression of all markers was significantly associated with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).The sensitivity for the diagnosis of DTC was 94.7% with galectin-3, 91.3% with HBME-1, and 90.3% with CK19. The specificities of these markers were 95.5%, 69.7%, and 83.1%, respectively. Combining these markers, co-expression of galectin-3 and CK19 or galectin-3 and HBME-1 was seen in 93.2% of carcinomas but in none of the benign nodules. Comparing follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (FVPC) with follicular carcinoma (FC), the expression of galectin-3, CK19, and HMWCK was significantly higher in FVPC. When comparing FC with FA, the expression of galectin-3 and HBME-1 was significantly higher in FC. These results suggest that 1) galectin-3 is a useful marker in the distinction between benign and malignant thyroid tumors, 2) the combined use of HBME-1 and CK19 can increase the diagnostic accuracy, and 3) the use of CK19 and HMWCK can aid in the differential diagnosis between PC and FC.

Macrofollicular encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma--a case report.

Macrofollicular encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma (MEPC) is a rare variant of papillary carcinoma of thyroid with a favourable clinical course. It could be mistaken for a follicular neoplasm or a hyperplastic nodule. We report cytological and histopathological features of this rare variant of papillary carcinoma in a 22 year old female with brief review of literature.

Galectin-3 immunostaining in thyroid neoplasms

A punção aspirativa por agulha fina de tireóide é o método pré-cirúrgico mais importante na definição da malignidade de uma lesão nodular. Entretanto esse procedimento apresenta limitações, como características morfológicas comuns entre neoplasias malignas e benignas. A expressão de uma lectina ligante de b-galactosídeos chamada galectina-3, aumentada em neoplasias malignas de tireóide, poderia ser utilizada como marcador de malignidade para neoplasias de tireóide. Cinqüenta e sete casos, entre eles 14 carcinomas papilares, 22 carcinomas foliculares e 21 adenomas foliculares, foram estudados quanto à expressão da galectina-3 por métodos imuno-histoquímicos. O tecido tireoidiano normal, adjacente ao tecido neoplásico, também foi avaliado em 48 casos. Todos os casos de carcinoma papilar e 18 casos de carcinoma folicular apresentaram marcação citoplasmática; um caso de adenoma folicular apresentou marcação nuclear. Nenhum caso de tecido tireoidiano normal demonstrou imunomarcação. Sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo foram respectivamente 88 por cento, 98 por cento, 96 por cento e 94 por cento. A expressão da galectina-3 é uma evidência valiosa de malignidade nos casos em que as características citomorfológicas não forem conclusivas. A marcação por imunocitoquímica poderá aumentar a exatidão diagnóstica nos exames citológicos por aspiração de tireóide, tornando a indicação cirúrgica mais precisa.

Comparison of three prognostic indexes in differentiated thyroid cancer

Se analizaron los datos clínicos y el coeficiente de correlación entre tres escalas pronósticas (TNM, AGES y la escala de DeGroot) en 82 pacientes con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides (edad promedio: 41.7 ñ 16.6 DE años, relación de sexo F8:M1). Setenta y ocho pacientes (95.1 por ciento) presentaron carcinoma papilar y cuatro (4.8 por ciento) cáncer folicular; cinco (6 por ciento) tuvieron tirotoxicosis. Las complicaciones quirúrgicas fueron: parálisis de cuerda vocal siete casos (8.4 por ciento), hipoparatiroidismo 10(12.2 por ciento) y ambas en cuatro (4.8 por ciento). No hubo complicaciones con la cirugía tiroidea limitada más frecuentemente utilizada (tiroidectomía subtotal y hemitiroidectomía). Al cabo de 54.5 ñ 44.5 meses un paciente había fallecido de cáncer de tiroides (1.2 por ciento) y dos casos (2.4 por ciento) tenían actividad tumoral. Se observó correlación positiva, así como concordancia entre las tres escalas pronósticas analizadas (k=0.2281, p=0.001). La prevalencia de cáncer folicular fue más baja que la informada en otros estudios. Se sugiere que las tres escalas analizadas tienen un valor pronóstico similar en el cáncer diferenciado de tiroides

rare case of follicular thyroid carcinoma

An extensive local invasion without distant metastasis, 12 years surviving case of follicular thyroid carcinoma. This report concerns a patient who developed huge neck swelling secondary to thyroid carcinoma

Tumores papilares y quísticos del páncreas: estudio clínicopatológico, citopatológico, inmunohistoquímico y de ploidía nuclear / Papillary cystic tumors of the pancreas: clinico-pathological, cytopathological, immunohistochemical, and nuclear ploidy study

Se presentam 7 casos de tumores papilares y quísticos del páncreas (TPQ): 5 se presentaron en mujeres y 2 em hombres con edades entre 21 y 68 años (media 39). Clínicamente todos tenían una massa abdominal palpable, 3 tumores estaban localizados en la cabeza, 2 en el cuerpo, 1 en el istmo y el restante en la cola del órgano; 5 casos fueron tratados con resecciones quirúrgicas radicales y 2 sólo biopsias. En 4 casos se realizó punción aspiración preoperatoria, realizándose el diagnóstico en 3 de ellos. inmunohistoquímicamente tenían marcadores endocrinos y exocrinos apoyando estos datos la hipótesis de la diferenciación dual de estos tumores. La ploidía nuclear demostró 4 tumores diploides, 2 diploides-tetraploides y 1 aneuploide. Los TPQ son neoplasia de bajo grado factibles de ser diagnosticados por punción aspiración, con un fenotipo mixto (endocrino-exocrino) y con una predominancia de tumores diploides