Fiebre periódica con estomatitis aftosa, faringitis, y adenitis / Periodical fever with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA syndrome)

RESUMEN Se presenta un caso de fiebre periódica con estomatitis aftosa, faringitis, y adenitis síndrome de fiebre periódica con estomatitis aftosa, faringitis, y adenitis, entidad aparentemente infrecuente de la cual no se recoge reporte en el país. La etiología no es todavía bien comprendida, se observa con mayor frecuencia entre los 2 y 5 años, aunque se han descrito casos en adultos. Se caracteriza por fiebre periódica con estomatitis aftosa, faringitis, y adenitis de carácter periódica con una dramática respuesta al uso de esteroide en la mayoría de los casos. El caso que se presenta es un paciente de 5 años de edad, sexo masculino, con cuadros de fiebre periódica asociado a amigdalitis con exudado, adenitis y lesiones aftosas, con respuesta en la fase aguda a la prednisona y con respuesta al tratamiento de mantenimiento con cimetidina. En la actualidad lleva 11 meses en remisión (AU).

ABSTRACT We present a case of periodical fever with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PFAPA syndrome), entity that is apparently infrequent and its report in the country was not found. Its etiology is not still clearly understood. It appears with higher frequency in the ages between 2 and 5 years, though it has been described in adult population. It is characterized by periodical fever with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis of periodical character, with a dramatic answer to the use of steroids in most of the cases. The case that is presented is the one of a male patient aged 5 years with reiterative periodical fever associated to tonsillitis with exudate, adenitis and aphthous lesions, with answer, in the acute phase, to prednisone, and to cimetidine at the maintenance therapy. Nowadays, he is already 11 months in remission (AU).

Ameliorative effect of vitamin B12 on seminiferous epithelium of cimetidine-treated rats: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study / 대한해부학회지

Cimetidine is an H2 receptor antagonist that has an antiandrogenic effect. It intervenes with the conversion of testosterone into estrogen in the Sertoli cells with accompanying testicular structural changes. In the present study, the microscopic and the ultrastructural changes induced by cimetidine and the effect of vitamin B12 as a protective agent on rat testes were studied. Immunoexpression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in testes was evaluated. Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into four groups: control, cimetidine-treated, vitamin B12 treated, and combined cimetidine and vitamin B12 treated. The experimental rats were administered with cimetidine and/or vitamin B12 for 52 days. Group II rats showed marked atrophy of the seminiferous tubules with a significant increase in tubular diameter and decrease in the tubular luminal and epithelial areas. Ultrastructure of this group showed irregular Sertoli cells with basal cytoplasmic vacuolation and significantly thickened basement membrane. ERβ immunoexpression was similar to controls. Group III rats showed near normal seminiferous tubular structures with minimal cellular alterations and the immunoreactivity of the testicular sections was very close to normal. However, group IV rats showed markedly immunopositive detached cells, spermatids, and primary spermatocytes. Cimetidine interferes with the control of spermatogenesis as evidenced by microscopic and ultrastructural studies and affection of ERβ receptors and vitamin B12 has a protective action against this harmful effect.

Comparison of Ocular Biometry Using New Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography-based Optical Biometer with Other Devices

PURPOSE: To evaluate the agreement between optical biometry with swept-source optical coherence tomography-based optical biometry (IOLMaster 700) and other devices. METHODS: A total of 137 eyes (78 patients) with cataracts were included in this retrospective study. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), keratometry, and white-to-white (WTW) distance measured using IOLMaster 700 were compared with results for the following five different biometers: IOLMaster 500, A-scan, automated refractor, manual keratometry, and Galilei G4. Differences and correlations among the devices were assessed using the Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: For AL values, the IOLMaster 700, IOLMaster 500, and A-scan measurements showed excellent agreement (all ICC >0.99). For ACD values, ICC of IOLMaster 700 and Galilei G4 was 0.965 but A-scan was poorly correlated with either IOLMaster 700 or Galilei G4. The ICCs of IOLMaster 700 and other devices were all greater than 0.9 for average keratometry, but those of the mean cylinder keratometry were all between 0.7 and 0.8. The mean difference in the WTW distance between the IOLMaster 700 and Galilei G4 was 0.029 mm, but the ICC was 0.525. AL measurements were not possible for 10 eyes with the IOLMaster 500 but were obtained in all eyes with the IOLMaster 700. CONCLUSIONS: In clinical practice, AL, ACD, and average keratometry values of IOLMaster 700 can be used interchangeably with those of the other devices tested. However, the ACD value between IOLMaster 700 and A-scan or the WTW distance between IOLMaster 700 and Galilei G4 are not interchangeable because of clinical and statistical differences in measurements between the devices.

Comparative Efficacy of the New Optical Biometer on Intraocular Lens Power Calculation (AL-Scan versus IOLMaster)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the agreement in axial length (AL), keratometry, and anterior chamber depth measurements between AL-Scan and IOLMaster biometers and to compare the efficacy of the AL-Scan on intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations and refractive outcomes with those obtained by the IOLMaster. METHODS: Medical records of 48 eyes from 48 patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification and IOL insertion were retrospectively reviewed. One of the two types of monofocal aspheric IOLs were implanted (Tecnis ZCB00 [n = 34] or CT Asphina 509M [n = 14]). Two different partial coherence interferometers measured and compared AL, keratometry (2.4 mm), anterior chamber depth, and IOL power calculations with SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Holladay2, and Haigis formulas. The difference between expected and actual final refractive error was compared as refractive mean error (ME), refractive mean absolute error (MAE), and median absolute error (MedAE). RESULTS: AL measured by the AL-Scan was shorter than that measured by the IOLMaster (p = 0.029). The IOL power of Tecnis did not differ between the four formulas; however, the Asphina measurement calculated using Hoffer Q for the AL-Scan was lower (0.28 diopters, p = 0.015) than that calculated by the IOLMaster. There were no statistically significant differences between the calculations by MAE and MedAE for the four formulas in either IOL. In SRK/T, ME in Tecnis-inserted eyes measured by AL-Scan showed a tendency toward myopia (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Measurement by AL-Scan provides reliable biometry data and power calculations compared to the IOLMaster; however, refractive outcomes of Tecnis-inserted eyes by AL-Scan calculated using SRK/T can show a slight myopic tendency.

A Prospective Study of Anterior Segment Ocular Parameters in Anisometropia

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in anterior segment ocular parameters in anisometropia >1 D. METHODS: This study included 202 eyes of 101 subjects ranging from 10 to 40 years of age with anisometropia of 1 D or more. The subjects were divided into groups according to anisomyopia, anisoastigmatism, and anisohypermetropia. After providing informed consent, each patient underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination including cycloplegic refraction, best-corrected visual acuity, cover test, axial length (AL) measurement using A-scan ultrasound biometer, keratometry, anterior chamber depth, and central corneal thickness measurement. For each participant, the eye with greater refractive error was compared to the fellow eye via paired t-tests. Correlations between parameters were studied using the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The average age of subjects was 21.7 ± 9.3 years. Of 101 subjects, 31 had anisomyopia; 42 had anisohypermetropia; and 28 had anisoastigmatism. A predisposition toward greater myopia in right eyes was noted in anisomyopia (24 of 31 subjects, 77%). The inter-ocular acuity difference was significant in all three groups (p < 0.01). As the degree of anisometropia increased, there was significant positive correlation in the difference in AL in myopes (r = 0.863, p < 0.01) and hypermetropes (r = 0.669, p < 0.01) and the difference in corneal curvature in anisoastigmatism (r = 0.564, p = 0.002) and hypermetropes (r = 0.376, p = 0.014). A significant positive correlation was also present between the anterior chamber depth difference and refractive difference in hypermetropes (r = 0.359, p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that anisomyopia is correlated only with anterior chamber differences. Anisohypermetropia is correlated with AL differences as well as corneal curvature difference and anterior chamber depth difference. The amount of anisoastigmatism correlates only with corneal curvature difference.

Temporomandibular joint reconstruction with alloplastic prosthesis: the outcomes of four cases / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of four patients receiving stock Biomet TMJ prosthesis for reconstruction of the TMJs. METHODS: TMJ reconstruction with stock Biomet TMJ prosthesis was performed in four patients who had joint damages by trauma, tumor, resorption, and ankylosis, which represent the indications of alloplastic prosthesis. RESULTS: Loss of condyle from trauma and resorption of joint are good indications for prosthesis, but the patients should be informed about limitation of jaw movement. In case of structural damage of TMJ by tumor, tumor recurrence should be considered before planning TMJ reconstruction. Considering heterotopic bone formation in case of ankylosis, periodic follow-up and special surgical technique are required. CONCLUSIONS: Given careful treatment planning and understanding the functional limitation of TMJ prosthesis, alloplastic prosthesis is a safe and effective management option for the reconstruction of TMJs.

Cold Medications Aggravated Rhabdomyolysis Symptoms Induced by Building Construction Work and Strenuous Exercise: a Case Report

SUMMARY: A 21-year-old healthy Korean man worked on a building construction site every day for almost 2 months and exercised every day for 1 or 2 hours after working hard. He felt dizziness, nausea, and experienced vomiting and body aches immediately after exercise and immediately took cold medicines including acetaminophen, cimetidine, bepotastine, and Codenal? complex for the common cold symptoms for 2 days because he was scheduled to participate in navy training at that time. He complained of severe trapezius pain and aches in his left calf 3 days after joining the Navy training. Testing revealed creatine phosphokinase (CPK) 6260 U/L, myogloblin 176 mcg/L in the urine, liver enzymes increased, and oliguria, suggesting rhabdomyolysis. He recovered with intravenous fluids without any complications.

Establishment of MDCK cell models expressing human MATE1 or co-expressing with human OCT1 or OCT2 / 药学学报

To establish single- and double-transfected transgenic cells stably expressing hMATE1, hMATE1 cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR from human cryopreserved kidney tissue, and subcloned into pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid by virtue of both HindIII and Kpn I restriction enzyme sites. Subsequently, the recombined pcDNA3.1(+)- hMATE1 plasmid was transfected into MDCK, MDCK-hOCT1 or MDCK-hOCT2 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 Reagent. After a 14-day-cultivation with hygromycin B at the concentration of 400 µg · mL(-1), all clones were screened with DAPI and MPP+ as substrates to identify the best candidate. The mRNA content of hMATE1, the cellular accumulation of metformin with or without cimetidine as inhibitor, or transportation of cimetidine was further valuated. The results showed that all of the three cell models over expressed hMATE1 mRNA. The cellular accumulation of metformin in MDCK-hMATE1 was 17.6 folds of the control cell, which was significantly inhibited by 100 µmol · L(-1) cimetidine. The transcellular transport parameter net efflux ratios of cimetidine across MDCK-hOCT1/hMATE1 and MDCK-hOCT2/hMATE1 monolayer were 17.5 and 3.65, respectively. In conclusion, cell models with good hMATE1 function have been established successfully, which can be applied to study the drug transport or drug-drug interaction involving hMATE1 alone or together with hOCT1/2 in vitro.

Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation with Lenstar / 전남의대학술지

This retrospective study was performed to compare refractive outcomes measured by conventional methods and by use of the Lenstar biometer and to investigate the factors affecting intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation with Lenstar with and without IOL-constant optimization. The study included 100 eyes of 86 patients who underwent cataract surgery. Corneal curvature was measured with a manual keratometer (MK), automated keratometer (AK), and the Lenstar biometer, and axial length (AL) was measured by A-scan and Lenstar. Mean numerical error (MNE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were compared between AK and MK with A-scan, and Lenstar with and without optimization. Factors affecting the accuracy of the IOL power calculation by use of Lenstar with and without optimization were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in the MNE or MAE among the devices. The proportion of MAE within 0.5 D was higher for Lenstar with optimization (62.7%) than without optimization (46.2%). The proportion of MAE within 0.5 D was 62% and 58% for MK and AK with A-scan, respectively. Without optimization, the MAE was smaller in eyes with ALs between 23 mm and 25 mm (p=0.03), whereas it was smaller at higher corneal powers when the IOL constant was optimized (>44 D, p=0.03). The IOL power calculations showed no significant differences among the devices, but the results of MAE within 0.5 D by use of Lenstar without optimization were worse than those of conventional methods. The AL influenced the accuracy of refractive outcomes determined by using Lenstar without optimization, and corneal curvature was shown to affect the accuracy of refractive measurements using Lenstar with optimization.

Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation with Lenstar / 전남의대학술지

This retrospective study was performed to compare refractive outcomes measured by conventional methods and by use of the Lenstar biometer and to investigate the factors affecting intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation with Lenstar with and without IOL-constant optimization. The study included 100 eyes of 86 patients who underwent cataract surgery. Corneal curvature was measured with a manual keratometer (MK), automated keratometer (AK), and the Lenstar biometer, and axial length (AL) was measured by A-scan and Lenstar. Mean numerical error (MNE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were compared between AK and MK with A-scan, and Lenstar with and without optimization. Factors affecting the accuracy of the IOL power calculation by use of Lenstar with and without optimization were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in the MNE or MAE among the devices. The proportion of MAE within 0.5 D was higher for Lenstar with optimization (62.7%) than without optimization (46.2%). The proportion of MAE within 0.5 D was 62% and 58% for MK and AK with A-scan, respectively. Without optimization, the MAE was smaller in eyes with ALs between 23 mm and 25 mm (p=0.03), whereas it was smaller at higher corneal powers when the IOL constant was optimized (>44 D, p=0.03). The IOL power calculations showed no significant differences among the devices, but the results of MAE within 0.5 D by use of Lenstar without optimization were worse than those of conventional methods. The AL influenced the accuracy of refractive outcomes determined by using Lenstar without optimization, and corneal curvature was shown to affect the accuracy of refractive measurements using Lenstar with optimization.

Modulatory effects of taurine on jejunal contractility

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is widely distributed in animal tissues and has diverse pharmacological effects. However, the role of taurine in modulating smooth muscle contractility is still controversial. We propose that taurine (5-80 mM) can exert bidirectional modulation on the contractility of isolated rat jejunal segments. Different low and high contractile states were induced in isolated jejunal segments of rats to observe the effects of taurine and the associated mechanisms. Taurine induced stimulatory effects on the contractility of isolated rat jejunal segments at 3 different low contractile states, and inhibitory effects at 3 different high contractile states. Bidirectional modulation was not observed in the presence of verapamil or tetrodotoxin, suggesting that taurine-induced bidirectional modulation is Ca2+ dependent and requires the presence of the enteric nervous system. The stimulatory effects of taurine on the contractility of isolated jejunal segments was blocked by atropine but not by diphenhydramine or by cimetidine, suggesting that muscarinic-linked activation was involved in the stimulatory effects when isolated jejunal segments were in a low contractile state. The inhibitory effects of taurine on the contractility of isolated jejunal segments were blocked by propranolol and L-NG-nitroarginine but not by phentolamine, suggesting that adrenergic β receptors and a nitric oxide relaxing mechanism were involved when isolated jejunal segments were in high contractile states. No bidirectional effects of taurine on myosin phosphorylation were observed. The contractile states of jejunal segments determine taurine-induced stimulatory or inhibitory effects, which are associated with muscarinic receptors and adrenergic β receptors, and a nitric oxide associated relaxing mechanism.

H[2] receptor activity; effect in isolated rabbit heart

Histamine can stimulate the heart by directly interacting with cardiac histamine receptors. In the present study we have investigated the H[2] receptor activity in isolated rabbit heart. Cimetidine, a specific H[2] receptor antagonist was used. The isolated heart was mounted in langendroff apparatus. The heart was perfused at a constant pressure with oxygenated Ringer's Locke solution. H[2] receptor antagonist produces negative inotropic effect in the presence of histamine. This indicates that H[2] receptors are present in rabbit heart, and plays a role in mediation of positive inotropic effect produced through CAMP by histamine

Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the temporomandibular joint - computed tomography and magnetic resonance findings: a case report

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign but locally aggressive and destructive disease originating in the synovial membranes. It is a proliferative disorder of unknown etiology. Involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is very rare. Computed tomography clearly reveals areas of lytic bone erosion and sclerosis, and also clearly defines the extent of the tumor which is the focal areas of hyperdensity within the soft-tissue mass. Magnetic resonance images invariably show profound hypointensity on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences due to hemosiderin pigmentation. Additionally, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images may indicate cystic loculation of the joint fluid. This case study describes a rare case of PVNS of the TMJ with bone destruction of the mandibular condyle. Complete surgical excision of the lesion was performed through a preauricular approach with temporal extension. During the 10-year follow-up, two more operations were performed due to local recurrence and the fracture of the reconstruction plate. Total joint reconstruction with Biomet was finally performed, and the absence of disease was confirmed with a biopsy report showing fibrosis with hyalinization and mild inflammation of the excised soft tissue from the old lesion.

Comparison of Serum Prolactin Level between I.V. Ranitidne and I.V Cimetidine Administration in Albino Rabbits and Possible Role of Histamine 1 and 2 Receptors in Prolactin Secretion.

The serum prolactin levels of eighteen normal rabbits are measured by using method of RIA. The values before drug treatment are taken as the control values of each group. Prolactin levels after 15, 30 and 45 minutes of i.v. Ranitidine treated group, when compared to its own control values, are not significantly raised whereas those levels after i.v. cimetidine are raised significantly in the paired t-test. Prolactin levels of i.v.cimetidine group , when compared with iv ranitidine group by unpaired t-test, are significantly raised [t = 2.737, 4.215 and 2.834 at 10,15, 45 minutes intervals respectively, at 10 degree of freedom, (p < 0.05)]. In the comparison between i.v. cimetidine and i.v. cimetidine pretreated with i.v. diphenhydramine groups (by unpaired t- test), presence of diphenhydramine HCl can cause statistically significant reduction at 30,45 minutes (at 10 degree of freedom. t- 2.666 and 2.440 respectively, (p < 0.05). The result shows that i.v.cimetidine can significantly liberate prolactin from the Ant. Pituitary, unlike i.v. ranitidine. Central H1 and H2 receptors contribute in prolactin secretion.

Homopterocarpin contributes to the restoration of gastric homeostasis by Pterocarpus erinaceus following indomethacin intoxication in rats

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the restorative effect of Pterocarpus erinaceus (P. erinaceus) and homopterocarpin, an isoflavonoid isolated from it, on indomethacin-induced disruption in gastric homeostasis in rats.@*METHODS@#Adult rats were divided into five groups and fasted for 48 h before treatment. Group 1 received olive oil (vehicle), group 2 received 25 mg/kg indomethacin while groups 3-5 received cimetidine (100 mg/kg), homopterocarpin (25 mg/kg) and P. erinaceus ethanolic stem bark extract (100 mg/kg) respectively. After 1 h, all the groups except group 2 were administered 25 mg/kg of indomethacin. One hour later, the rats were sacrificed and the ulcer index and other gastroprotective indices were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Indomethacin caused significant injury to the stomach of the rats as reflected in the ulcer indices (9.0±1.4) as compared with that of control (2.0±0.0). Equally, there were significant increases in gastric acid concentration and malondialdehyde level in the stomachs of the ulcerated animals compared with the control. However mucus content, reduced gluthatione level and gastric pH were significantly reduced in the ulcerated animals compared with the control. Pretreatment with either Pterocarpus bark extract or homopterocarpin reversed the effects of indomethacin on the evaluated parameters.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These results indicate that both homopterocarpin and Pterocarpus extract offered gastroprotection against indomethacin-induced ulcer by antioxidative mechanism and the modulation of gastric homeostasis. The results also suggest that homopterocarpin might be responsible for, or contribute to the antiulcerogenic property of P. erinaceus.

Involvement of cross interaction between central cholinergic and histaminergic systems in the nucleus tractus solitarius in regulating carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex / 生理学报

The carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex (CSR) is an important approach for regulating arterial blood pressure homeostasis instantaneously and physiologically. Activation of the central histaminergic or cholinergic systems results in CSR functional inhibitory resetting. However, it is unclear whether two systems at the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) level display cross interaction to regulate the CSR or not. In the present study, the left or right carotid sinus region was isolated from the systemic circulation in Sprague-Dawley rats (sinus nerve was reserved) anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Respective intubation was conducted into one side isolated carotid sinus and into the femoral artery for recording the intracarotid sinus pressure (ISP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) simultaneously with pressure transducers connection in vivo. ISP was set at the level of 0 mmHg to eliminate the effect of initial internal pressure of the carotid sinus on the CSR function. To trigger CSR, the ISP was quickly elevated from 0 mmHg to 280 mmHg in a stepwise manner (40 mmHg) which was added at every step for over 4 s, and then ISP returned to 0 mmHg in similar steps. The original data of ISP and corresponding MAP were fitted to a modified logistic equation with five parameters to obtain the ISP-MAP, ISP-Gain relationship curves and the CSR characteristic parameters, which were statistically compared and analyzed separately. Under the precondition of no influence on the basic levels of the artery blood pressure, the effects and potential regulatory mechanism of preceding microinjection with different cholinoceptor antagonists, the selective cholinergic M1 receptor antagonist, i.e., pirenzepine (PRZ), the M2 receptor antagonist, i.e., methoctramine (MTR) or the N1 receptor antagonist, i.e., hexamethonium (HEX) into the NTS on the changes in function of CSR induced by intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of histamine (HA) in rats were observed. Meanwhile, the actions and possible modulatory mechanism of preceding microinjection with different histaminergic receptor antagonists, the selective histaminergic H1 receptor antagonist, i.e., chlorpheniramine (CHL) or the H2 receptor antagonist, i.e., cimetidine (CIM) into the NTS on the changes in function of CSR resulted from the i.c.v. cholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine (PHY) were also examined in order to confirm and to analyze effects of cross interaction between central histaminergic and cholinergic systems on CSR. The main results obtained are as follows. (1) Standalone microinjection of different selective cholinergic receptor antagonists (PRZ, MTR or HEX) or different selective histaminergic receptor antagonists (CHL or CIM) into the NTS with each given dose had no effects on the CSR function and on the basic levels of the artery blood pressure, respectively (P > 0.05). (2) The pretreatment of PRZ or MTR into the NTS with each corresponding dose could attenuate CSR resetting resulted from i.c.v. HA in some degrees, which remarkably moved the posterior half range of ISP-MAP relationship curve downwards (P < 0.05), shifted the middle part of ISP-Gain relationship curve upwards (P < 0.05), and increased reflex parameters such as the MAP range and maximum gain (P < 0.05), but decreased parameters such as saturation pressure and intracarotid sinus pressure at maximum gain (P < 0.05). The catabatic effects of pretreatment with MTR into the NTS on CSR resetting induced by i.c.v. HA were more obvious than those with PRZ (P < 0.05), but pretreatment of HEX with given dose into the NTS had no effects on CSR resetting induced by i.c.v. HA (P > 0.05). (3) The effects of pretreatment of CHL or CIM into the NTS with each corresponding dose on CSR resetting made by i.c.v. PHY were similar to those of pretreatment of PRZ or MTR into the NTS on CSR resetting resulted from i.c.v. HA, and the decreasing effects of pretreatment with CHL into the NTS on CSR resetting induced by i.c.v. PHY were more remarkable than those with CIM (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that CSR resetting resulted from either HA or PHY into the lateral ventricle may partly involve the descending histaminergic or cholinergic pathway from the hypothalamus to NTS, which might evoke a cross activation of the cholinergic system in the NTS, via cholinergic M1 and M2 receptors mediation, especially the M2 receptors showing actions, or trigger another cross activation of the histaminergic system in the NTS, by histaminergic H1 and H2 receptors mediation, especially the H1 receptors displaying effects.

The development of co-amorphous drug systems / 药学学报

Converting two poorly water-soluble crystalline drugs to co-amorphous drug systems by ball milling, quench-cooling, or cryo-milling method can improve stability of the drug, enhance dissolution rates, and reduce adverse reactions of the single drug. Co-amorphous system has been used to solve problems of co-administration of medicines. Formation and intermolecular interactions of co-amorphous drug systems may be verified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Stability of co-amorphous drug systems is influenced by their glass transition temperature (Tg) and intermolecular interactions. The theoretical Tg values and the interaction parameter x are calculated by Gordon-Taylor equation and the Flory-Huggins equation, respectively. Thus, co-amorphous drug systems are analyzed theoretically at molecular level. Co-amorphous drug systems provide a new sight for the co-administration of medicines.

Avaliação da atividade protetora gástrica do extrato hidroalcoólico da semente de girassol em ratas / Evaluation of the gastroprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of sunflower seed in rats

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a proteção gástrica do extrato hidroalcoólico da semente de girassol (EHSG) em relaçãoao estresse, ao uso de indometacina e etanol. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo experimental envolvendo 90 ratas (Rattus norvegicus albinus), da linhagem Wistar, fêmeas, com peso corporal médio de 150-230 g, divididos em 18 grupos distintos os quais receberam os seguintes tratamentos: EHSG:250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg e 2000 mg/kg; etanol 0,5mL; cimetidina 60 mg/kg; indometacina 20 mg/kg; água 1 mL. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o programa Grand PadPrism 5 com aplicação de testes estatísticos considerando o nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: O EHSG apresenta proteção contra as lesões gástricas em ratas, nas doses de 250 e 1000 mg, tanto no modelo pelo estresse, quanto na indução por etanol e indometacina. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos no presente estudo mostram que o EHSG apresenta proteção gástrica em determinadas doses.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the gastric protection hidroalcoólico extract the sunflower seed (EHSG) in relation to stress, the use of indomethacin and ethanol. METHOD: We conducted an experimental study involving 90 rats (Rattus norvegicus albinos), Wistar, females, mean body weight of 150-230 g were divided into 18 distinct groups which received the following treatments: EHSG: 250mg/kg , 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg; 0.5 mL ethanol, cimetidine 60 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg indomethacin; 1 mL water. Data were analyzed using the GrandPad Prism 5 with application of statistical tests, the significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The EHSG has protective against gastric injury in rats at doses 250 mg and 1000, both in the model by stress, as in the induction by ethanol and indomethacin. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study show that has EHSG gastric protection in certain doses.

The Effects of Anti-histamine and Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mast cells and their product, histamine and leukotriene in ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. (Group I: Control group without ischemia, Group II: Normal saline with ischemia, Group III: Cimetidine with ischemia, Group IV: Zafirlukast with ischemia) Skin flap was elevated and ischemic insult was given by clamping the artery for 12 hours. Before reperfusion, the rats were treated with saline, cimetidine and zafirlukast. Flap survival was evaluated at 7 days. Neutrophil counts, mast cell counts were evaluated 24 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS: Flap survival rate in the control group was 92.33%, whereas normal saline group had 37.34% survivals. Cimetidine and zafirlukast treated group showed significantly higher survival rates than normal saline group. The neutrophil and mast cell counts in cimetidine and zafirlukast treated group were significantly decreased than normal saline group. Cimetidine treated group showed higher survival rate and lower cell counts than zafirlukast treated group. CONCLUSION: The administration of cimetidine and zafirlukast can decrease neutrophils and mast cells caused by ischemia-reperfusion and increase flap survivals. It is suggests that antihistamine and leukotriene receptor antagonist have protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury to skin flap in rat.

Clinical effects of psychological intervention and drug therapy against peptic ulcer

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical effects of psychological interventions and drug therapy against peptic ulcer.@*METHODS@#96 patients with peptic ulcer were divided into control group with Tagamet 800 mg per evening p.o. and trial group with psychological intervention on the basis of drug treatment.@*RESULTS@#There were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05), the trial group showed that the anxiety and depression cases declined obviously and effective rate of ulcer therapy was much higher than control group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In sum, psychological intervention combined with drug therapy provides an effective method for ulcer treatment.