Perforación de ciego por colitis isquémica asociada a uso de cocaína: reporte de caso / Perforation of the cecum by isquemic colitis associated with cocaine use: a case report

Introducción: El consumo de cocaína es un problema mayor a nivel mundial; los usuarios crónicos presentan complicaciones médicas graves que afectan el aparato vascular, los cuales puedenderivar en accidentes isquémicos serios. A continuación presentamos un caso de perforación intestinal secundaria a colitis isquémica por uso de cocaína. Caso clínico: Un hombre de 21 anos de edad con antecedente de uso de cocaína inició su pade cimiento 5 días antes de su ingreso con dolor abdominal, náuseas y vómitos. Con el diagnóstico de perforación de víscera hueca se realizó una laparotomía exploradora, en la cual se encontró una perforación en la cara anterior del ciego. Se realizó una hemicolectomía derecha con una ileostomía y una fístula mucocutánea de colon transverso. Discusión: La causa de las perforaciones es la isquemia local en la mucosa y la necrosis parietal. En este paciente obtuvimos una prueba de orina positiva para cocaína; además, con el ante cedente de uso intenso de esta sustancia y el resultado en el reporte histopatológico pudimos llegar a este diagnóstico. Conclusión: La colitis isquémica asociada a uso de cocaína debe ser considerada como diagnós tico diferencial en pacientes jóvenes con dolor abdominal agudo y/o sangrado rectal.

Introduction: Cocaine use is a major problem worldwide. Chronic users have serious medical complications that affect the vascular system, which can lead to serious ischemic events. We describe a case of intestinal perforation secondary to ischemic colitis caused by cocaine. Case report: A 21-year-old man with a history of cocaine started 5 days before with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. With a diagnosis of a perforated intestine, a exploratory laparo tomy was performed, in which a perforation of the anterior wall of the cecum was found. A right hemicolectomy with ileostomy and a mucocutaneous fistula of the transverse colon were carried out. Discussion: Perforations are caused by local ischemia of the mucosa and parietal necrosis. In this patient, a urine test for cocaine was positive, in addition to the history of intensive use of this substance and a pathology report. Conclusion: Ischemic colitis associated with cocaine use should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young patients with acute abdominal pain and/or rectal bleeding.

Hypermagnesemia Accompanied with Colonic Perforation in a Hemodialysis Patient

We report a case of a chronic hemodialysis patient who developed hypermagnesemia due to an overdose of magnesium-containing laxative and paralytic ileus resulting in colonic perforation. Despite intravenous calcium infusion and daily hemodialysis, the patient developed ischemic colitis and intestinal perforation. Colonic perforation accompanied with hypermagnesemia in hemodialysis patients has rarely been reported. This case suggests that hypermagnesemia should be considered in renal failure patients as this can result in life-threatening events despite prompt treatment.

A Case of Severe Bevacizumab-induced Ischemic Pancolitis, Treated with Conservative Management / 대한소화기학회지

Bevacizumab (Avastin(R)) is a monoclonal antibody against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor that increases the overall survival rate when added to standard chemotherapy regimens in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The known toxicities of bevacizumab are hypertension, proteinuria, wound healing complications, arterial thrombosis, bleeding, and gastrointestinal complications. Especially ischemic colitis can rapidly develop into bowel perforation, so an emergency operation often is needed. Recently, a 65-year-old male patient developed ischemic pancolitis after FOLFOX (85 mg/m2 Oxaliplatin, d1;200 mg/m2 Leucovorin, d1;400 mg/m2 5-FU iv bolus, d1-2;and 600 mg/m2 5-FU, d1-2, every two wk) and Bevacizumab combination chemotherapy was administered. However, he recovered after early conservative care without surgery. We report this case with a review of literature.

Colitis isquémica inducida por cocaína: caso clínico / Ischemic colitis caused by cocaine abuse: report of one case

We report a 29 years old male, with a history of cocaine abuse and excessive alcohol intake, who was admitted to the hospital with an acute peritonitis. The patient was operated and multiple perforations of the cecum were found. A right hemicolectomy was performed and the pathological study of the surgical piece showed an ischemic colitis. A literature review reveals 22 reported cases of ischemic colitis associated to cocaine abuse