Relationships of homophobic bullying during childhood and adolescence with problematic internet and smartphone use in early adulthood among sexual minority men in Taiwan

Abstract Background Mental health disparity in sexual minorities is a crucial clinical and public health issue worldwide. A total of 500 homosexual or bisexual men aged between 20 and 25 years participated in this study. Objectives The aims of the study were to examine the relationships of victimization of traditional and cyber homophobic bullying during childhood and adolescence with problematic internet and smartphone use and activities during early adulthood among sexual minority men in Taiwan. Methods The seveirities of problematic internet and smartphone use and activities in early adulthood were compared between victims and non-victims of bullying. The severities of problematic internet and smartphone use were also compared among the groups of various types of bullying as well as among the groups of various persistence durations of being bullied. Results Victims of traditional and cyber homophobic bullying had more severe problematic internet and smartphone use than non-victims. Victims of multi-type bullying had more severe problematic internet use than victims of single-type bullying. Prolonged victimization was significantly associated with problematic internet and smartphone use. Discussion: Victimization of traditional and cyber homophobic bullying during childhood and adolescence predicts problematic internet and smartphone use during early adulthood among sexual minority men.

Prevención del consumo de sustancias adictivas en adolescentes: una mirada desde la Terapia Ocupacio / Prevention of addictive substances consumption in adolescents: a glance from the Occupational Therapy

La Terapia Ocupacional, además de desempeñar un rol importante en la rehabilitación, constituye una herramienta indispensable para realizar acciones preventivas direccionadas al consumo de sustancias adictivas en la adolescencia, desde los centros comunitarios de salud mental. En el presente trabajo se destacan el valor de la comunidad como escenario para la intervención, la clasificación científica de las drogas teniendo en cuenta sus efectos sobre el sistema nervioso central, así como las acciones desde la actividad y las ocupaciones, lo cual mejora la calidad del servicio que se presta a ese grupo etario.

The Occupational Therapy, besides carrying out an important role in rehabilitation, constitutes an indispensable tool to achieve preventive actions addressed to the consumption of addictive substances in adolescence, from the mental health community centers. In this work, the value of the community as scenario for the intervention, as well as the scientific classification of drugs are highlighted keeping in mind its effects on the central nervous system, as well as in the actions from the activity and occupations, which improves the service quality to that age group.

Do drinking problems in the past affect current consumption? / Problemas com bebida no passado coíbem consumo atual? / ¿Los problemas con la bebida en el pasado evitan su consumo actual?

Abstract: Harmful use of alcohol ranks among the top five risk factors for disease, disability and death worldwide. However, not all individuals who consume alcohol throughout life are addicted and our premise is that addiction implies a chain of consumption that produces harmful effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether self-assessed past drinking problems - our measure of harmful alcohol consumption - affect the current alcohol consumption patterns. We expected that drinking problems in the past could have a positive effect on current alcohol consumption. Using Portuguese data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we applied an ordered probit model, given the ordered nature of the dependent variable. Our dependent variable measures the current consumption using categories listed in ascending order of alcohol intake frequency (from less than once a month to daily consumption). Our results suggest that harmful alcohol consumption in the past is an important determinant of current alcohol consumption. Self-assessed past drinking problems had a positive effect on the first five lower categories of current alcohol consumption frequency - less than once a month to up to six days a week. Therefore, to reduce non-communicable avoidable diseases related to the use of alcohol, policies should consider the individuals' decisions regarding alcohol consumption during their lifetime, and specific policies should focus on individuals with past drinking problems.

Resumo: O uso prejudicial de álcool figura entre os cinco principais fatores de risco para doença, deficiência e óbito em todo o mundo. Contudo, nem todos os indivíduos que consomem álcool durante suas vidas são drogaditos e nossa premissa é que a drogadição pressupõe um fluxo de consumo que produz efeitos danosos. O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar se problemas autoavaliados com bebida no passado - nossa medida de consumo danoso de álcool - afetam padrões atuais de consumo de álcool. Esperávamos que problemas no passado poderiam ter um efeito positivo sobre o consumo atual de álcool. Usando dados portugueses do Inquérito de Saúde, Envelhecimento e Aposentadoria na Europa (SHARE, em inglês), aplicamos um modelo ordered probit, dada a natureza ordinal da variável dependente. Nossa variável dependente mede o consumo atual usando categorias listadas em ordem ascendente de frequência de ingestão de álcool (de menos de uma vez por mês até consumo diário). Nossos resultados sugerem que o consumo danoso de álcool no passado é um determinante importante do consumo atual de álcool. Problemas autoavaliados com bebida no passado tiveram um efeito positivo nas primeiras cinco categorias mais baixas de frequência atual de consumo de álcool - menos de uma vez por mês até seis dias por semana. Portanto, para reduzir doenças não-transmissíveis preveníveis relacionadas ao consumo de álcool, as políticas públicas devem levar em consideração as decisões de indivíduos relacionadas ao seu consumo de álcool durante suas vidas, e políticas específicas devem ser dirigidas a indivíduos com problemas passados com bebida.

Resumen: El abuso de alcohol se sitúa entre los cinco factores con mayor riesgo alrededor del mundo para enfermedad, incapacidad y muerte. No obstante, no todas las personas que consumen alcohol a lo largo de su vida son adictas y nuestra premisa es que la adicción implica un consumo continuado que produce efectos dañinos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si los problemas pasados con el alcohol autoevaluados -nuestra medida de consumo dañino- afecta a los estándares actuales de consumo de alcohol. Esperábamos que los problemas con el alcohol en el pasado pudieran tener un efecto positivo en el consumo actual. Utilizando los datos portugueses de la Encuesta para la Salud, Envejecimiento y Jubilación en Europa (SHARE), aplicamos un modelo ordered probit, proporcionado por la propia naturaleza de la variable dependiente. Nuestra variable dependiente mide el consumo actual, usando categorías listadas en orden ascendiente de frecuencia de consumo de alcohol (desde menos de una vez al mes al consumo diario). Nuestros resultados sugieren que un consumo dañino de alcohol en el pasado es un importante determinante del consumo de alcohol en la actualidad. Los problemas autoevaluados en el pasado con la bebida tuvieron un efecto positivo en las primeras cinco categorías más bajas de la frecuencia actual de consumo de alcohol -menos de una vez al mes hasta seis días a la semana. Por consiguiente, para reducir las enfermedades evitables no comunicables, relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol, se deberían considerar políticas que tuvieran en mente las decisiones individuales, en relación con el consumo de alcohol a lo largo de la vida, así como centrar las políticas específicas en personas con problemas con la bebida en el pasado.

Opinión de adolescentes y jóvenes argentinos sobre ser interrogados para la identificación del riesgo de suicidio / OPINION OF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE FROM ARGENTINA IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY THOSE AT RISK OF SUICIDE

En Argentina hay 17,4 casos de suicidios de niños y jóvenes por semana, y sobre 3.202 casos registrados en el año 2015, 905 fueron en niños, adolescentes y jóvenes. Un alto % de ellos tuvieron contacto con el sistema de salud en el año previo de su muerte, por ello la detección es un primer paso hacia su prevención. El objetivo general: analizar la opinión que tienen los adolescentes y jóvenes de cinco provincias argentinas acerca de ser interrogados en el marco de los sistemas de salud con el objeto de identificar los que presentan riesgo de suicidio. El estudio es observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal. La población fue de 1.153 adolescentes y jóvenes (10-24 años) asistentes a establecimientos educativos públicos y privados, y usuarios servicios de salud pública o privada de las provincias argentinas de Buenos Aires (325), Santiago del Estero (322), La Rioja (301), Córdoba (128) y Salta (77). Se utilizó un muestreo intencional, y se aplicó un cuestionario semi-estructurado. Se utilizó un abordaje cuantitativo y tratamiento cualitativo de algunas variables. El promedio de edad fue 17.2 años, con respecto al sexo predominaron las mujeres, y al estrato social el medio. Un 68,7% nunca fueron consultados por su estado de ánimo, y a 8 de cada 10 tampoco se les preguntó por autolesiones. Les cuesta muchísimo expresarse sobre estos temas. Pero un 87% considera importante que los profesionales les preguntemos sobre estos temas, y lo perciben como un problema dentro de la sociedad, sobre todo en las provincias donde el suicidio es más alto. Nuestros adolescentes y jóvenes están de acuerdo en ser interrogados sobre la problemática de suicidio, por ello no debemos perder la oportunidad, más allá del motivo de consulta, considerando es parte de nuestro trabajo y responsabilidad

In Argentina there are 17.4 cases of suicides of children and young people per week, and of 3,202 cases registered in 2015, 905 were in children, adolescents and young people. A high percentage of them had contact with the health system in the year before their death, so detection is a first step towards prevention. The general objective is to analyze the opinion of adolescents and young people in five Argentine provinces about being questioned within the framework of health systems in order to identify those at risk of suicide. The study is observational, descriptive and cross-sectional. The population was 1,153 adolescents and young people (10- 24 years old) attending public and private educational institutions, and users of public or private health services in the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires (325), Santiago del Estero (322), La Rioja (301), Córdoba (128) and Salta (77). Intentional sampling was used, and a semi-structured questionnaire was applied. We used a quantitative approach and qualitative treatment of some variables. The average age was 17.2 years, with respect to the sex predominated the women, and to the social layer the means. 68.7% were never consulted for their state of mind, and 8 out of 10 were also not asked about self-harm. They have a hard time expressing themselves on these issues. But 87% consider it important for professionals to ask about these issues, and perceive it as a problem within society, especially in the provinces where suicide is highest. Our adolescents and young people agree to be questioned about the problem of suicide, so we should not miss the opportunity, beyond the reason for consultation, considering it is part of our work and responsibility

Eficacia de las técnicas de control de la impulsividad en la prevención de la adicción a videojuegos / Effectiveness of impulsivity control techniques to videogame addiction prevention

El objetivo principal de esta investigación consistió en el análisis de la eficacia de las técnicas de control de la impulsividad para la prevención de la adicción a videojuegos añadidas a un programa de prevención previamente validado (PrevTec 3.1). Los resultados se tomaron en cuatro momentos: línea base, pre-test (primera sesión), post-test (última sesión) y seguimiento (a los tres meses). Los resultados indican que, mientras los grupos que permanecen en lista de espera no presentan cambios ni en el patrón de uso ni en la dependencia de videojuegos, aquellos en los que se aplica el programa sí que experimentan un descenso significativo. Las dos modalidades del programa de prevención son eficaces en la reducción de las variables analizadas, pero los resultados se mantienen más consistentes durante el seguimiento a quienes se entrenaron las técnicas de control de la impulsividad.

The main objective of this research has been the analysis of the effectiveness of some impulsivity control techniques to prevent videogame addiction. It has compared the results obtained with a prevention program that it had been already validated with the same program in which additional impulsiveness control techniques were added. Four periods were selected for the analysis: baseline, pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Two experimental conditions were designed: a) conventional prevention program, and b) program with impulsiveness control techniques. Results were compared with a group control (waiting list). Results indicate that, while groups that remain on waiting list do not present changes in pattern of use, those which the program was applied decrease significantly. The two modalities of prevention program were effective in the reduction of the analyzed variables, but the changes produced by the implementation of impulsive control techniques were more consistent and lasting in time.

Effects of an Integrated Internet Addiction Prevention Program on Elementary Students' Self-regulation and Internet Addiction

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated internet addiction prevention program and test its effects on the self-regulation and internet addiction of elementary students who are at risk for internet addiction. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=28) or control group (n=28). Contents of the program developed in this study included provision of information about internet addiction, interventions for empowerment and methods of behavioral modification. A pre-test and two post-tests were done to identify the effects of the program and their continuity. Effects were testified using Repeated measures ANOVA, simple effect analysis, and Time Contrast. RESULTS: The self-regulation of the experimental group after the program was significantly higher than the control group. The score for internet addiction self-diagnosis and the internet use time in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group. CONCLUSION: The effects of the integrated internet addiction prevention program for preventing internet addiction in elementary students at risk for internet addiction were validated.

Construction of the Addiction Prevention Core Competency Model for Preventing Addictive Behavior in Adolescents

PURPOSE: This study was done to provide fundamental data for the development of competency reinforcement programs to prevent addictive behavior in adolescents through the construction and examination of an addiction prevention core competency model. METHODS: In this study core competencies for preventing addictive behavior in adolescents through competency modeling were identified, and the addiction prevention core competency model was developed. It was validated methodologically. RESULTS: Competencies for preventing addictive behavior in adolescents as defined by the addiction prevention core competency model are as follows: positive self-worth, self-control skill, time management skill, reality perception skill, risk coping skill, and positive communication with parents and with peers or social group. After construction, concurrent cross validation of the addiction prevention core competency model showed that this model was appropriate. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that the addiction prevention core competency model for the prevention of addictive behavior in adolescents through competency modeling can be used as a foundation for an integral approach to enhance adolescent is used as an adjective and prevent addictive behavior. This approach can be a school-centered, cost-efficient strategy which not only reduces addictive behavior in adolescents, but also improves the quality of their resources.

Percepción institucional y comunitaria sobre comportamientos adictivos en Guayaquil / Institucional and community perceptions on addictive behaviours in Guayaquil

Introducción: en el mundo de hoy las conductas adictivas constituyen un grave problema para la humanidad. En la República de Ecuador la atención a pacientes consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas se ha desarrollado tradicionalmente desde la instancia privada pero actualmente se reconoce que ello ha devenido en un problema de salud que debe ser atendido por las políticas públicas. Objetivo: identificar la percepción sobre los comportamientos adictivos en el Centro de Docencia e Investigación para el Desarrollo Humano y el Buen Vivir y sus comunidades aledañas, en Guayaquil. Métodos: el trabajo se realizó en el 2011, con un diseño etnográfico en el que se incluyeron análisis de documentos, observación participante, entrevistas en profundidad y entrevistas grupales focalizadas. Los informantes clave se seleccionaron mediante muestreo intencional. La información obtenida fue sometida a un análisis de contenido. Resultados: se revelaron percepciones limitadas al modelo clínico en las dimensiones de gestión comunitaria, docente-asistencial e investigativa. Conclusiones: tanto en el Centro como en sus comunidades aledañas, la percepción sobre comportamientos adictivos está constreñida al modelo clínico-asistencial, lo que constituye una barrera para el posicionamiento del modelo salubrista

Introduction: In today's world, the addictive behaviors are a serious problem for the humanity. The care of patients who consume psychoactive substances in the Republic of Ecuador has mainly been given on a private basis, but at present, it is recognized that addiction is a health problem to be managed by the public policies. Objective: to identify the perception of addictive behaviours in the Center of Education and Research for the Human Development and the Good Living and neighboring communities in Guayaquil. Methods: the study was conducted in 2011 and adopted an ethnographic design in which document analysis, observation of participants, in-depth interviews and focused group interviews were included. The key informants were selected from an intentional sampling. The gathered information underwent a content analysis. Results: The study revealed perceptions limited to the clinical model in the community management, the teaching-assistance and the research dimensions. Conclusions: Both the Center and the neighboring communities have perceptions on addictive behaviors that are limited to the clinical-assistance model, which is a kind of barrier to the positioning of the public health model

Redes sociales virtuales y la Bioética / Virtual social networks and bioethics

La investigación tiende a indagar por las condiciones psicológicas (obsesivas), socio – familiares, fisiológicas y emocionales de los estudiantes de la Universidad de San Buenaventura –Medellín de mes de agosto de 2010, que tienden a destinar parte de su tiempo a las Redes Sociales Virtuales y hacer una reflexión desde la Bioética frente al tema

This piece of research tends to inquire into the (obsessive) psychological, socio-family, physiological, and emotional conditions of the students at Saint Bonaventure University, Medellin Branch, back in the month of August 2010, who have the tendency to spend their free time in the Virtual Social Networks and then make an analysis of this issue, from the Bioethical viewpoint

La familia en la prevención, tratamiento, rehabilitación y seguimiento de adictos / The family in the prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and follow-up of drug dependents

Se presenta el rol de la familia en la prevención, el tratamiento, la rehabilitación y el seguimiento de las adicciones. La familia constituye un subsistema en el Modelo Familiar de enfoque Ecológico del fenómeno adictivo que facilita, obstaculiza o hace inviable la intervención terapéutica. Así, en base a su experiencia clínica, el autor propone la prevención teniendo en cuenta factores protectores y de riesgo, planteando el tratamiento a través de la detección precoz del adicto encubierto; finalmente, proporciona pautas para la familia en el manejo terapéutico del miembro enfermo.

It considers the role of the family in the prevention, treatment and follow up psychoactive drug dependency. The family constitutes a subsystem in the Family Model of the Ecological Approach to drug dependency that facilities, blocks or limits the therapeutic interventions. Based upon his clinical experience, the author proposes a preventive approach taking in consideration the protective and risk factors; and treatment, through early detection of conceded cases finally, he offers family guidelines as to what should be for the management of its ill member.