Consenso latinoamericano sobre la importancia de un sistema de gestión de datos microbiológicos para apoyar el programa de optimización de uso de antimicrobianos (PROA): Recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia. Parte 1 / Latin American consensus on the importance of a microbiological data management system to support antimicrobial use optimization program (PROA): Evidence-based recommendations. Part 1

La resistencia antimicrobiana es una amenaza para los logros de la medicina moderna y una de las medidas más efectivas para contrarrestarla son los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos (PROA), en el cual el laboratorio de microbiología es uno de los principales componentes. La aplicación efectiva de tecnología de la información en los procesos es fundamental, pero existe poca información en Latinoamérica sobre el desarrollo y la articulación de las herramientas tecnológicas para apoyar los PROA. Este consenso hace recomendaciones sobre la gestión de los datos microbiológicos para la toma de decisiones. En la Parte I, se presentan las recomendaciones en cuanto al uso de un sistema informatizado de gestión de datos microbiológicos en la práctica clínica, los requerimientos de datos y de reporte en el laboratorio de microbiología, y los contenidos del sistema de gestión de calidad avanzado en el laboratorio. En la Parte II, se discuten los requerimientos de información para la gestión de PROA en estadios intermedios, iniciales y avanzados por el laboratorio y la farmacia; así como la integración del equipo de PROA con el Comité de Prevención y Control de Infecciones y la información para la gestión de PROA a nivel gerencial.

Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to the achievements of modern medicine and one of the most effective measures to counteract it is antimicrobial use optimization programs (AMS), in which the microbiology laboratory is one of the main components. The effective application of information technology in the processes is fundamental, but there is little information in Latin America on the development and articulation of technological tools to support AMSs. This consensus makes recommendations on the management of microbiological data for decision making. In Part I, recommendations on the use of a computerized microbiological data management system in clinical practice, data and reporting requirements in the microbiology laboratory, as well as the contents of the advanced quality management system in the laboratory are presented. In Part II, the information requirements for AMS management in intermediate, initial, and advanced stages by the laboratory and pharmacy are discussed; as well as the integration of the AMS team with the Infection Prevention and Control Committee and the information for AMS management at the management level.

Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment for lateral lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer (2024 edition) / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) is common in mid-low rectal cancer and is also a major cause of postoperative local recurrence. Currently, there is still controversy regarding the diagnosis and treatment of LLNM in rectal cancer. This consensus, based on the "Chinese Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis in Rectal Cancer (2019 edition)," incorporates the latest domestic and international research findings and revises aspects related to the diagnosis, treatment strategies, follow-up, and management of recurrence of LLNM in rectal cancer. A total of 42 domestic colorectal cancer experts participated in this consensus. It proposes 18 consensus statements on the diagnosis and treatment of LLNM, using the evaluation criteria of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force for grading recommendations. The aim is to standardize further the diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies for LLNM in rectal cancer. Unresolved issues in this consensus require further clinical practice and active engagement in high-quality clinical research to explore and address them progressively.

Consensus on clinical application of immunoglobulin G4 / 中华内科杂志

IgG4 is a subclass of IgG. Elevated serum IgG4 levels are an important serological feature of IgG4 related diseases and serve as a serological marker for assessing disease activity and severity. The harmonization of IgG4 detection is crucial for its clinical application. National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Experimental Diagnosis Research Committee, Rheumatology and Immunology Physicians Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Autoantibodies Detection Committee, and Chinese Rheumatism Data Center have organized clinical and laboratory experts to draft this consensus, aiming to standardize IgG4 detection and provide guideline for clinician and laboratory experts to appropriate utility and interpret IgG4 results in China.

Expert consensus on fundus photograph-based cardiovascular risk assessment using artificial intelligence technology / 中华内科杂志

Cardiovascular risk assessment is a basic tenet of the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Conventional risk assessment models require measurements of blood pressure, blood lipids, and other health-related information prior to assessment of risk via regression models. Compared with traditional approaches, fundus photograph-based cardiovascular risk assessment using artificial intelligence (AI) technology is novel, and has the advantages of immediacy, non-invasiveness, easy performance, and low cost. The Health Risk Assessment and Control Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, in collaboration with the Chinese Society of Cardiology and the Society of Health Examination, invited multi-disciplinary experts to form a panel to develop the present consensus, which includes relevant theories, progress in research, and requirements for AI model development, as well as applicable scenarios, applicable subjects, assessment processes, and other issues associated with applying AI technology to assess cardiovascular risk based on fundus photographs. A consensus was reached after multiple careful discussions on the relevant research, and the needs of the health management industry in China and abroad, in order to guide the development and promotion of this new technology.

Expert consensus on vaccinations in adult patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in China (2023 Edition) / 中华预防医学杂志

Vaccination is one of the critical tools to prevent infections among individuals with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), ultimately improving the quality of life and reducing mortality. The incorporation of vaccination strategies into clinical decision-making processes has been recognized as pivotal. However, the absence of clinical guidelines and consensus on vaccination for ARDs patients still persists in China. Drawing from existing clinical evidence, this expert consensus encompasses eight prevalent vaccines: Influenza vaccine, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine, herpes zoster vaccine, human papillomavirus vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, and rabies virus vaccine. This initiative aims to furnish highly practical technical directives for vaccination personnel and rheumatologists, thereby fostering standardized vaccination practices to combat infectious diseases among adult ARDs patients in China.

Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural effusion caused by lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) can occur in nearly all types of malignant tumors, with lung cancer being the most prevalent cause. The presence of MPE indicates an advanced stage or distant spread of the tumor, significantly reducing the patient's life expectancy. Particularly, a substantial amount of pleural effusion can impede heart and lung function, impair blood oxygen perfusion levels in the body, and greatly diminish patients' quality of life. Even when systemic treatment has alleviated the primary lung tumor in some patients, effective control over MPE remains challenging and impacts clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to implement measures for reducing or managing MPE while ensuring standardized treatment for lung cancer. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in diagnosing and treating lung cancer complicated by MPE through extensive basic and clinical research. Based on existing evidence and China's clinical practice experience, relevant experts from the China Association of Health Promotion and Education and Cancer Rehabilitation and Palliative Treatment Professional Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association (CRPC) have summarized key aspects related to diagnosis and treatment consensus opinions for lung cancer complicated by MPE. This aims to establish standardized procedures that will serve as a reference for doctors' clinical practice.

Ultra-processed food consumption and nutritional status in Uruguayan and Brazilian children between three to five years / Consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y estado nutricional en niños de tres a cinco años uruguayos y brasileños

Introduction. There is growing consensus globally that the consumption of ultra- processed food (UPF) can negatively affect the nutritional status of children. Objective. The present study aims to evaluate associations between the consumption of UPF and the nutritional status in a sample of Uruguayan and Brazilian preschoolers belonging to two studies: the ENDIS Study and the Pelotas 2015 Birth Cohort. Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis. The main outcome measure was obesity defined as BMI for age and sex ≥ +3 z-scores. The score of UPF consumption was the main exposure measured. Each positive answer of habitual intake was added up to create a UPF score ranging from zero to six or more UPF. Crude and adjusted logistic regressions were performed for the associations between UPF consumption and nutritional status in preschoolers. Results. The final sample consisted of 8,687 preschool children, 50.8% belonging to the Uruguayan study, while the remaining 49.2% belonged to the Brazilian study. Nearly 5% of the sample of young children were obese. We didn't observe a relationship between the score of UPF consumption and obesity, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.00­1.09). Adjustments resulted in modest attenuation of the relationship and a lack of statistical significance. However, in children under 48 months, the score of UPF consumption was directly associated with childhood obesity. Conclusions. Results suggest that higher consumption of UPF is associated with obesity in Uruguayan and Brazilian preschool children under 4 years of age. These findings suggest that actions to reduce ultra- processed food consumption could lead to diminish obesity patterns and bring important public health benefits(AU)

Introducción. Existe creciente consenso a nivel mundial de que el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados puede afectar negativamente el estado nutricional de los niños. Objetivo. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar asociaciones entre el consumo de ultraprocesados y el estado nutricional en una muestra de preescolares uruguayos y brasileños pertenecientes a dos estudios: el Estudio ENDIS y la Cohorte de Nacimiento de Pelotas 2015. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis transversal. La principal medida de resultado fue la obesidad definida como el IMC/edad y sexo ≥ +3 puntuaciones z. La puntuación del consumo de ultraprocesados fue la principal exposición. Cada respuesta positiva de la ingesta habitual se sumó para crear una puntuación de ultraprocesados que oscilaba entre cero y seis o más. Se realizaron regresiones logísticas crudas y ajustadas. Resultados. La muestra final estuvo constituida por 8.687 niños, de los cuales el 50,8% pertenecía al estudio uruguayo, mientras que el 49,2% restante pertenecía al estudio brasileño. Casi el 5% de la muestra de niños pequeños eran obesos. No observamos relación entre la puntuación del consumo de ultraprocesados y la obesidad, el odds ratio (OR) fue de 1,04 (IC 95%, 1,00-1,09). Los ajustes dieron lugar a modesta atenuación de la relación y falta de significación estadística. Sin embargo, en menores de 48 meses la puntuación de consumo de ultraprocesados se asoció directamente con la obesidad infantil. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que un mayor consumo de ultraprocesados se asocia con obesidad en prescolares uruguayos y brasileños menores de 4 años. Estos hallazgos sugieren que las acciones para reducir el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados podrían conducir a una disminución de los patrones de obesidad y traer importantes beneficios para la salud pública(AU)

Primer Consenso Chileno de Grupo de Estudio de Tuberculosis Ocular / First Chilean Consensus Document of the Ocular Tuberculosis Study Group

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento de la tuberculosis (TB) ocular es un tema que genera controversia en el mundo. Para el correcto manejo de estos pacientes, es necesario el desarrollo de guías que consideren la epidemiología de la TB ocular en cada nación. El objetivo de este consenso fue discutir de forma interdisciplinaria la epidemiología, fisiopatología, clínica, diagnóstico, estudio y tratamiento de los pacientes con TB ocular, para establecer un algoritmo de tratamiento y proponer qué pacientes deben ser tratados en Chile y con qué tratamiento. Además, se establecieron acuerdos para efectuar quimioprofilaxis de los pacientes con TB latente que tienen indicación de tratamiento inmunosupresor por enfermedades inflamatorias oculares.

The treatment of ocular tuberculosis (TB) remains controversial worldwide. The development of guidelines for ocular TB can facilitate the approach and management of these patients. These guidelines should be developed regionally, considering the local TB epidemiology. The objectives of this consensus are: to initiate an interdisciplinary discussion about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, workup and treatment of patients with ocular TB, to establish a treatment algorithm and define which patients should be treated in Chile and how and, to analyze and discuss the published data regarding chemoprophylaxis for patients with latent TB who need to start immunosuppressive treatment due to inflammatory ocular conditions.

Consenso SOCHOG/SOCHUMB: utilizar en Chile la curva estándar OMS ultrasonográfica de crecimiento fetal / SOCHOG/SOCHUMB consensus: OMS fetal ultrasound curve is the standard curve for ultrasound growth assessment to use in Chile

La Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología (SOCHOG) y la Sociedad Chilena de Ultrasonido en Medicina y Biología (SOCHUMB) convocaron a un comité de expertos en el tema de ultrasonido y crecimiento fetal con el fin de proponer utilizar la curva fetal que mejor se adapte a la población chilena. Luego de la discusión, al no contar con curvas chilenas de crecimiento fetal, se concluye proponer que la curva estándar de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) sería la indicada dada la calidad de su metodología y por ser multicéntrica.

The Chilean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SOCHOG) and the Chilean Society of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (SOCHUMB) have convened a committee of experts on the subject of ultrasound and fetal growth in order to propose using the fetal curve that best adapts to the Chilean population. After the discussion, since there are no Chilean fetal growth curves, it is concluded that the World Health Organization (WHO) standard curve would be the one to use given the quality of its methodology and the fact that it is multicentric.

Consenso de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectología para el manejo de episodios de neutropenia febril en adultos y niños con cáncer / Consensus of the Chilean Society of Infectious Diseases for the management of episodes of febrile neutropenia in adults and children with cancer

El Comité de Infecciones en Inmunocomprometidos de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectología presenta aquí una actualización en el Manejo de episodios de neutropenia febril en adultos y niños con cáncer, derivado de los grandes cambios ocurridos en los últimos años en el enfrentamiento de estos pacientes. Para estos efectos, un grupo multidisciplinario desarrolló recomendaciones en relación a: su enfrentamiento inicial, exámenes de laboratorio requeridos, el tratamiento antimicrobiano inicial empírico y frente a focos infecciosos conocidos, las infecciones fúngicas invasoras y profilaxis antimicrobiana.

The Committee of Infections in Immunocompromised Patients of the Chilean Society of Infectious Diseases presents an update in the Management of febrile neutropenia in adults and children with cancer. It comes from the significant changes that occurred in recent years in the confrontation of these patients. For which a multidisciplinary task force group developed recommendations in relation to their initial handling, laboratory exams required, the initial empirical antimicrobial treatment and in front of known infectious focus, invasive fungal infections and antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Síntesis de evidencia. Covid persistente / Evidence synthesis. persistent covid

El término Covid persistente fue utilizado por primera vez por la Dra. Elisa Perego, como un hashtag de Twitter en mayo de 2020. Describía su propia experiencia de una condición cíclica multifásica, que difería de la evolución clínica característica de Covid-19 tanto en sintomatología como en tiempo. El término Covid persistente o 'Long Covid' tiene varios nombres dependiendo de la literatura consultada: 'secuelas post-agudas de Covid-19', 'Covid¬-19 en curso', 'síndrome crónico de Covid', 'Covid de larga distancia' (Long haulers) y 'condición post-Covid-19', esta última es la utilizada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y todas son consideradas por los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) como 'condiciones pos Covid. Aún no existe consenso en cuanto al reconocimiento de Covid persistente como entidad clínica, así como tampoco en cuanto a su nombre y criterios diagnósticos. Sin embargo, dada la alta prevalencia de la sintomatología a la que se le asocia, es imperativo que los servicios y las políticas de salud prioricen su atención. A la vez, es necesario efectuar estudios a futuro para identificar en detalle los diferentes subtipos de Covid persistente y, permitir así, su atención médica estratificada sin que los servicios de salud no se vean abrumados.

The term persistent Covid was used for the first time by Dr. Elisa Perego, as a Twitter hashtag in May 2020. It described her own experience of a multiphasic cyclical condition, which differed from the characteristic clinical evolution of Covid-19 both in symptomatology as in time The term persistent Covid or 'Long Covid' has several names depending on the literature consulted: 'post-acute sequelae of Covid-19', 'Covid¬-19 in progress', 'chronic Covid syndrome', 'Long-distance Covid ' (Long haulers) and 'post-Covid-19 condition', the latter is the one used by the World Health Organization (WHO) and all are considered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as ' post covid conditions. There is still no consensus regarding the recognition of persistent Covid as a clinical entity, nor regarding its name and diagnostic criteria. However, given the high prevalence of the symptoms to which it is associated, it is imperative that health services and policies prioritize care. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out future studies to identify in detail the different subtypes of persistent Covid and, thus, allow their stratified medical care without the health services being overwhelmed.

Expert consensus on the clinical application of the markers of hepatitis B virus / 中华肝脏病杂志

Hepatitis B virus biomarkers are mainly used in clinical practice to diagnose infection, monitor disease progression, evaluate response to chronic hepatitis B treatment, and evaluate the efficacy of novel antiviral drugs in clinical trials. In combination with the recent research progress of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B and the actual needs of clinical diagnosis and treatment, the expert consensus was formulated by the Cooperative Group of Basic Research and Experimental Diagnosis of Liver Diseases, Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. It summarized the evidence and recommended the key points for the clinical application of classic and novel hepatitis B virus related biomarkers in order to guide the standardized and reasonable clinical application for these biomarkers.

Consensus on laboratory diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency / 中华医学遗传学杂志

21 hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD), the most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, is caused by defects in CYP21A2 gene, which encodes the cytochrome P450 oxidase (P450C21) involved in glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid synthesis. The diagnosis of 21-OHD is based on the comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestation, biochemical alteration and molecular genetics results. Due to the complex structure of CYP21A2, special techniques are required to perform delicate analysis to avoid the interference of its pseudogene. Recently, the state-of-the-art diagnostic methods were applied to the clinic gradually, including the steroid hormone profiling and third generation sequencing. To standardize the laboratory diagnosis of 21-OHD, this consensus was drafted on the basis of the extensive knowledge, the updated progress and the published consensuses and guidelines worldwide by expert discussion organized by Rare Diseases Group of Pediatric Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Medical Genetics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Birth Defect Prevention and Molecular Genetics Branch of China Maternal and Child Health Association. and Molecular Diagnosis Branch of Shanghai Medical Association.

Analysis of clinical features and PAK1 gene variant in a child with epilepsy and global developmental delay / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical phenotype and genetic basis of a child with epilepsy and global developmental delay.@*METHODS@#A child with epilepsy and global developmental delay who had visited West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University on April 1, 2021 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child were reviewed. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the child and his parents. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out for the child, and candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. A literature review was also carried out by searching databases such as Wanfang data knowledge service platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, ClinVar and Embase to summarize the clinical phenotypes and genotypes of the affected children.@*RESULTS@#The child was a 2-year-and-2-month-old male with epilepsy, global developmental delay and macrocephaly. Results of WES showed that the child has harbored a c.1427T>C variant of the PAK1 gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed that neither of his parents has carried the same variant. Only one similar case had been recorded by the dbSNP, OMIM, HGMD, and ClinVar databases. No frequency for this variant among Asian population was available in the ExAC, 1000 Genomes, and gnomAD databases. Prediction with IFT, PolyPhen-2, LRT, Mutation Taster, and FATHMM online software suggested that this variant is deleterious to the function of encoded protein. Based on the Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants: A Joint Consensus Recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the PAK1 gene c.1427T>C variant was determined to be likely pathogenic.@*CONCLUSION@#The PAK1 gene c.1427T>C variant probably underlay the epilepsy and global developmental delay in this child, which has provided a reference for the clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling in children with similar disorders.

Expert consensus for Jiegu Qili Tablets (Capsules) in treatment of fracture in clinical practice / 中国中药杂志

Fracture is one of the common diseases in the department of orthopaedics and traumatology. Jiegu Qili Tablets(Capsules) are a Chinese patent medicine commonly used to treat fractures in clinical practice, which has been included in the Class A drugs of the catalog of medicines covered by the National Medical Insurance System. However, no consensus or guideline has yet been developed to guide clinicians based on an evidence-based approach in detail, which has severely limited the clinical value of this drug. According to the guiding principle of evidence as the key, consensus as the supplement, and experience as the reference, a consensus was developed in strict accordance with the steps stipulated in the expert consensus on clinical applications of proprietary Chinese medicines. Based on literature review and questionnaire survey, the consensus was a timely summary of the existing clinical evidence on the treatment of fractures with Jiegu Qili Tablets(Capsules), and incorporated the treatment experience of a number of clinical experts. The preparation process took more than a year and the consensus(GS/CACM 293-2021) was officially released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine in September 2021, with the participation of multidisciplinary experts from 27 organizations of Chinese and Western medicine and research institutions. This article introduces the background and objectives of the consensus in detail, and describes the main process of proposal, drafting, expert consensus, and consultation. In particular, 5 consensus recommendations and 12 consensus suggestions are formed with regard to the key issues of indications, treatment timing, dose, duration, and safety in the clinical application of Jiegu Qili Tablets(Capsules) for the treatment of fractures, which guide and standardize the rational use by clinicians and improve the accuracy and safety of drugs.

Expert consensus for Jingtong Granules in treatment of cervical radiculopathy in clinical application / 中国中药杂志

With the effects of activating blood and resolving stasis, and moving Qi to relieve pain, Jingtong Granules is widely used in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy in China. Long-term clinical application and related evidence have shown that the prescription has ideal effect in alleviating the pain in neck, shoulder, and upper limbs, stiffness or scurrying numbness, and scurrying pain caused by this disease. However, there is a lack of consensus on the clinical application of Jingtong Granules. Therefore, clinical first-line experts and methodology experts from all over the country were invited to compile this expert consensus. This expert consensus is expected to guide clinicians to use Jingtong Granules in a standardized and reasonable way, improve clinical efficacy, reduce medication risks, and benefit patients. First, according to the clinical experience of experts and the standard development procedures, the indications, syndrome characteristics, clinical advantages, and possible adverse reactions of Jingtong Granules were summarized. Then, through face-to-face interview of clinical doctors in traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine and survey of the clinical application, the clinical problems were summed up, and the consensus was reached with the nominal group method to form the final clinical problems. Third, evidence retrieval was carried out for the clinical problems, and relevant evidence was evaluated. The GRADE system was employed to rate the quality of evidence. Fourth, 5 recommendation items and 3 consensuses items were summarized with the nominal group method. Opinions and peer reviews on the consensus content were solicited through expert meetings and letter reviews. The final consensus includes the summary of evidence on the clinical indications, effectiveness, and safety of Jingtong Granules, which can serve as a reference for clinicians in hospitals and primary health institutions.

Chinese surgical diagnosis and treatment consensus on slow transit constipation (2023 edition) / 中华胃肠外科杂志

In recent years, advancements have been made in both basic and surgical research of slow-transit constipation (STC). However, compelling references for surgeons in the clinical practice of STC have been lacking, particularly on preoperative evaluation and the choice of surgical procedures. In order to further standardize the diagnosis, assessment and surgical management of STC, Chinese Medical Doctor Association Anorectal Doctor Branch and its Functional Diseases Committee selected relevant experts in the field of STC surgery in China to form the Editorial and Review Committee of the Expert Consensus on Diagnosis, Evaluation and Surgical Management of STC in China. By meticulously reviewing relevant literature from both domestic and international sources and integrating the clinical expertise of the panel of experts, the committee has formulated 20 recommendations. These recommendations aim to establish standardized processes for surgical diagnosis and treatment of STC, ultimately elevating the overall diagnostic and therapeutic standards for STC across China.

Chinese expert consensus on the treatment of hemorrhoids by injection(2023 edition) / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Hemorrhoids is a common anorectal disease, usually occurring in middle-aged people aged 25-65 years old, clinical bleeding, swelling, prolapse, pain, itching and anal discomfort, and repeatedly attacks and aggravated gradually, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. The treatment of hemorrhoids includes conservative, injection, ligation, and various surgical procedures. Injection therapy with a history of more than 150 years is simple to operate, easy to popularize and apply in grass-roots units, causes less intraoperative bleeding and fewer complications, and has reliable efficacy. As a result, it is favored by clinicians and patients. The injection treatment of hemorrhoids has been mentioned in various hemorrhoid treatment guidelines and consensus at home and abroad, but there is no special expert consensus for reference. Led by the Anorectal Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Colorectal Surgery Group of the Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, experts in related fields in China were invited to review the latest evidence-based medical evidence at home and abroad and conducted evidence quality assessment and recommendation strength classification according to the GRADE system. This paper attempts to make detailed recommendations on the types and application methods of the preparations commonly used in the injection treatment of hemorrhoids at home and abroad, and form the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Treatment of hemorrhoids by anal injection (2023 edition), aiming to guide the reasonable selection of drugs and dosage forms for hemorrhoidal injection treatment, and to provide reference for standardizing the use of different drugs and dosage forms, so as to improve the effectiveness and safety of clinical application of hemorrhoidal injection treatment.

Chinese expert consensus on colonic and anorectal manometry (2023 edition) / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Colonic and anorectal manometry includes anorectal manometry and colonic manometry. Anorectal manometry is a common method to evaluate anorectal function, which can objectively reflect the pathological and physiological abnormalities of outlet obstructive constipation and fecal incontinence, as well as the impact of anorectal surgery on continence. Colonic manometry is a new type of colon motility detection method developed in recent years. It can record the peristalsis and contraction of the whole colon through a pressure measuring catheter, which helps physicians further evaluate various colonic diseases. However, various factors such as testing equipment, operating standards, and evaluation parameters are difficult to unify. There is no consensus on the operation and interpretation of colorectal anal pressure measurement. Under the guidance of the Anorectal Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, in collaboration with Clinical Guidelines Committee, Anorectal Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Anorectal motility disorders Committee , Colorectal Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Colonic Branch of China international exchange and promotive association for medical and healthcare, Tianjin Union Medical Center is leading the organization of domestic experts in this field. Based on searching relevant literature and combining clinical experience at home and abroad, after multiple discussions, the "Chinese expert consensus on colonic and anorectal manometry" has been prepared. This consensus discusses the indications, contraindications, pre examination management and technical procedures, treatment of complications, and interpretation of examination reports for colonic and anorectal manometry , aiming to guide the standardized clinical practice of colonic and anorectal manometry.

Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (2023 edition) / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease(SPD) is an acquired disease intimately related to the presence of hair in the gluteal groove. Although its pathogenesis is still controversial, numerous treatment options are available for SPD including gluteal groove and surrounding skin hair removal, sinusectomy, open healing by secondary intention, primary closure, and local excision with flap reconstruction. Lacking of standardized diagnosis and treatment processes of SPD in China, Chinese Medical Doctor Association Anorectal Branch and its Clinical Guidelines Committee jointly organized experts in this field to form expert consensus opinion on the basis of summarizing latest research progress in China and abroad, experts' clinical experience and principles of evidence-based medicine. The expert group formed opinion in 12 terms of SPD diagnosis, risk factors, non-surgical treatment, surgical treatment, minimally invasive treatment, and wound management, and developed the "Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (2023 edition)" after rounds of discussion and revision, to improve the diagnosis and treatment of SPD.