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1.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 37(3): 143-151, jul. set. 2015. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-764667

Résumé

Objective:To investigate the effects of ethanol exposure in adolescent rats during adulthood by assesssing aggression and anxiety-like behaviors and measuring the levels of inflammatory markers.Methods:Groups of male Wistar rats (mean weight 81.4 g, n = 36) were housed in groups of four until postnatal day (PND) 60. From PNDs 30 to 46, rats received one of three treatments: 3 g/kg of ethanol (15% w/v, orally, n = 16), 1.5 g/kg of ethanol (12.5% w/v, PO, n = 12), or water (n = 12) every 48 hours. Animals were assessed for aggressive behavior (resident x intruder test) and anxiety-like behaviors (elevated plus maze) during adulthood.Results:Animals that received low doses of alcohol showed reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus as compared to the control group. No significant difference was found in prefrontal cortex.Conclusions:Intermittent exposure to alcohol during adolescence is associated with lower levels of BDNF in the hippocampus, probably due the episodic administration of alcohol, but alcohol use did not alter the level agression toward a male intruder or anxiety-like behaviors during the adult phase.


Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos da exposição ao etanol em ratos adolescentes durante a idade adulta sobre os comportamentos agressivos e semelhantes à ansiedade, bem como sobre as medidas de níveis de marcadores inflamatórios.Métodos:Os grupos de ratos Wistar machos (peso médio de 81,4 g; n = 36) foram alojados em grupos de quatro até o dia pós-natal (DPN) 60. Entre os DPNs 30 e 46, os ratos receberam um dos três tratamentos: 3 g/kg de etanol (15% w/v, oralmente, n = 16), 1.5 g/kg de etanol (12,5% w/v, oralmente, n = 12), ou água (n = 12) a cada 48 horas. Os comportamentos agressivos (teste residente-intruso) e semelhantes à ansiedade (labirinto em cruz elevado) foram avaliados durante a idade adulta dos animais.Resultados:Os animais que receberam doses menores de álcool mostraram níveis reduzidos de fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) no hipocampo quando comparados ao grupo controle. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi verificada no córtex pré-frontal.Conclusões:A exposição intermitente ao álcool durante a adolescência é associada com menores níveis de BDNF no hipocampo, provavelmente divido a administração episódica de álcool, mas o uso não alterou o nível de agressão contra o macho intruso ou os comportamentos semelhantes à ansiedade durante a fase adulta.


Sujets)
Animaux , Mâle , Dépresseurs du système nerveux central/administration et posologie , Éthanol/administration et posologie , Hyperalcoolisation rapide/métabolisme , Hyperalcoolisation rapide/psychologie , Hippocampe/croissance et développement , Hippocampe/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Anxiété/physiopathologie , Prise de risque , Dépresseurs du système nerveux central/effets indésirables , Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha/métabolisme , Interleukine-10/métabolisme , Rat Wistar , Cortex préfrontal/croissance et développement , Cortex préfrontal/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Cortex préfrontal/métabolisme , Facteur neurotrophique dérivé du cerveau/métabolisme , Agressivité/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Agressivité/physiologie , Agressivité/psychologie , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Éthanol/effets indésirables , Relation dose-effet des médicaments , Interleukine-1 alpha/métabolisme , Hippocampe/métabolisme
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 61(4): 381-387, July-Aug. 2015. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-761716

Résumé

SummaryIntroduction:alcohol is a psychotropic depressant of the central nervous system (CNS) that promotes simultaneous changes in several neuronal pathways, exerting a profound neurological impact that leads to various behavioral and biological alterations.Objectives:to describe the effects of alcohol on the CNS, identifying the signaling pathways that are modified and the biological effects resulting from its consumption.Methods:a literature review was conducted and articles published in different languages over the last 15 years were retrieved.Results:the studies reviewed describe the direct effect of alcohol on several neurotransmitter receptors (gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], glutamate, endocannabinoids AEA and 2-AG, among others), the indirect effect of alcohol on the limbic and opioid systems, and the effect on calcium and potassium channels and on proteins regulated by GABA in the hippocampus.Discussion and conclusion:the multiple actions of alcohol on the CNS result in a general effect of psychomotor depression, difficulties in information storage and logical reasoning and motor incoordination, in addition to stimulating the reward system, a fact that may explain the development of addiction. Knowledge on the neuronal signaling pathways that are altered by alcohol allows the identification of effectors which could reduce its central action, thus, offering new therapeutic perspectives for the rehabilitation of alcohol addicts.


ResumoIntrodução:o álcool é uma substância psicotrópica depressora do sistema nervoso central (SNC), que promove alteração simultânea de inúmeras vias neuronais, gerando profundo impacto neurológico e traduzindo-se em diversas alterações biológicas e comportamentais.Objetivos:descrever as ações do álcool sobre o SNC, identificando as vias de sinalização modificadas e os efeitos biológicos gerados pelo seu consumo.Métodos:revisão bibliográfica, priorizando trabalhos multilinguísticos publicados nos últimos 15 anos.Resultados:são descritas ação direta do álcool em inúmeros receptores de neurotransmissores (ácido gama-aminobutírico – GABA, glutamato, endocanabinoides AEA e 2-AG, entre outros), ação indireta do álcool no sistema límbico e opioide, ação sobre canais de cálcio, potássio e proteínas reguladas por GABA no hipocampo, além de ações centrais mediadas pela deficiência de vitamina B1.Conclusão:a ação multifocal do álcool sobre o SNC resulta em efeito geral de depressão psicomotora, dificuldades no armazenamento de informações e no raciocínio lógico, incoordenação motora, além da estimulação do sistema de recompensa, o que pode explicar o desenvolvimento da dependência química. O conhecimento das vias de sinalização neuronais alteradas pelo álcool permite reconhecer a descrição de efetores que possam reduzir sua ação central e, assim, vislumbrar novas perspectivas terapêuticas para a reabilitação de adictos a essa substância.


Sujets)
Humains , Dépresseurs du système nerveux central/pharmacologie , Système nerveux central/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Éthanol/pharmacologie , Récepteurs aux neuromédiateurs/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Troubles neurologiques dus à l'alcool/physiopathologie , Alcoolisme/physiopathologie , Dépresseurs du système nerveux central/effets indésirables , Éthanol/effets indésirables , Récepteurs aux neuromédiateurs/physiologie
3.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 14(1): 16-22, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-745787

Résumé

Estrogen deficiency and chronic alcohol consumption may have a synergistic and deleterious effect on bone tissue. AIM: To investigate the effects of estrogen deficiency associated with chronic alcohol consumption on the mandibular condyle in rats. METHODS: Fifty-four female rats were first divided equally into two groups: ovariectomized Ovx and simulated ovariectomy Sham. One month after the surgeries, these groups were equally sub-divided according to their dietary treatment: G1: Sham/ad-libitum diet; G2: Sham/alcohol; G3: Sham/isocaloric; G4: Ovx/ad-libitum diet; G5: Ovx/alcohol, G6: Ovx/isocaloric. Eight weeks after starting the diets, all animals were anesthetized and sacrificed. The condyles were analyzed histologically, histomorphometrically, and immunohistochemically using the antibodies for bone sialoprotein BSP, osteocalcin OCC and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand RANKL. RESULTS: Histological analysis of the mandibular condyles showed that Ovx and Sham groups presented almost the same characteristics. The histomorphometric analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference only between Ovx/isocaloric and Ovx/ad-libitum groups p=0.049. No difference was observed in the intensity of BSP, OCC, and RANKL antibody staining between the Ovx/alcohol and the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that there was no histomorphometric, histological, or RANKL, BSP, and OCC staining differences between the Ovx/alcohol group and other experimental groups...


Sujets)
Animaux , Rats , Condyle mandibulaire/anatomie et histologie , Dépresseurs du système nerveux central/effets indésirables , Oestrogènes/déficit , Éthanol/effets indésirables , Mandibule/anatomie et histologie , Ovariectomie
5.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 47(3): 629-634, July-Sept. 2011. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-602681

Résumé

In this study, several neuropharmacological effects of methanolic leaf extract of Pandanus odoratissimus (PO) (family; Pandanaceae) were studied in albino mice using various experimental models. The effect of PO on the CNS was studied by using different neuropharmacological paradigms including spontaneous motor activity, rota-rod performance and potentiation of Pentobarbital sodium sleeping time in albino mice. Preliminary phytochemical evaluation and acute toxicity studies were also carried out where LD50 >2000 mg/kg was considered non-toxic through acute exposure in rats by the oral route. The methanolic leaf extract (50,100 and 200 mg/kg i. p.) produced a reduction in spontaneous motor activity, motor coordination and prolonged Pentobarbital sodium sleeping time. Preliminary qualitative chemical studies indicated the presence of steroids, saponins, terpinoids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids and phenolics in the extract. These observations suggest that the leaf of Pandanus odoratissimus contains some active principles which possess potential CNS-depressant action.


Estudaram-se alguns efeitos neurofarmacológicos do extrato metanólico de Pandanus odoratissimus (PO) (família Pandanaceae) em camundongos albinos, usando vários modelos experimentais. O efeito do PO no SNC foi estudado por meio de diferentes paradigmas neurofarmacológicos, como atividade motora espontânea, desempenho na haste rotatória e a potenciação do tempo de sono em camundongos albinos pelo pentobarbital sódico. A avaliação fitoquímica preliminar e os estudos de toxicidade aguda foram realizados e a DL50 >2000 mg/kg é considerada não tóxica, por meio da exposição aguda, por via oral, em ratos. O extrato metanólico de folha (50,100 e 200 mg/kg i. p.) produziu redução da atividade motora espontânea, da coordenação motora e tempo prolongado de sono pelo pentobarbital sódico. Estudos químicos qualitativos preliminares indicaram a presença de esteróide, saponinas, terpenóides, glicosídios, taninos, flavonóides e fenólicos no extrato. As observações sugerem que a folha de Pandanus odoratissimus contém alguns princípios ativos com atividade potencial como depressores do SNC.


Sujets)
Mâle , Femelle , Jeune adulte , Souris , Dépresseurs du système nerveux central/analyse , Dépresseurs du système nerveux central/effets indésirables , Dépresseurs du système nerveux central/toxicité , Neuropharmacologie/statistiques et données numériques , Pandanaceae/toxicité , Analyse de variance , Extraits de plantes/analyse , Extraits de plantes/pharmacocinétique , Extraits de plantes/toxicité , Inde , Feuilles de plante , Rat Wistar , Interprétation statistique de données
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 69(1): 27-33, Feb. 2011. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-598342

Résumé

The influence of prenatal events on the development of headaches at childhood has not been investigated and is the scope of our study. Of 2,173 children identified as the target sample, consents and analyzable data were provided by 1,440 (77 percent). Parents responded to a standardized questionnaire with a validated headache module and specific questions about prenatal exposures. Odds of chronic daily headache (CDH) were significantly higher when maternal tabagism was reported. When active and passive smoking were reported, odds ratio (OR) of CDH were 2.29 [95 percent confidence intervals (CI)=1.6 vs. 3.6)]; for active tabagism, OR=4.2 (95 percent CI=2.1-8.5). Alcohol use more than doubled the chance of CDH (24 percent vs. 11 percent, OR=2.3, 95 percent CI=1.2-4.7). In multivariate analyses, adjustments did not substantially change the smoking/CDH association. Prenatal exposure to tobacco and alcohol are associated with increased rates of CDH onset in preadolescent children.


A influência de eventos pré-natais na fisiopatogenia das cefaleias na infância ainda não foi investigada e é o objetivo desse estudo. Da amostra-alvo de 2.173 crianças, um consentimento pós-informado e dados suficientes para as análises foram obtidos de 1.440 (77 por cento). Os pais responderam a um questionário padrão com um módulo de cefaleia validado na população brasileira e questões específicas sobre antecedentes pré-natais. O risco de cefaleia crônica diária (CCD) foi significativamente maior nas crianças cujas mães fumaram durante a gestação. Quando presentes tabagismo ativo e passivo, o risco (OR) de CCD foi de 2,29 [intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95 por cento=1,6-3,6)]; para tabagismo ativo, OR=4,2 (IC 95 por cento=2,1-8,5). O uso de álcool durante a gestação dobrou o risco de CCD (24 por cento vs. 11 por cento, OR=2,3, IC 95 por cento=1,2-4,7). Nas análises multivariadas, os ajustes não modificaram, substancialmente a associação entre tabagismo materno durante a gestação e CCD. A exposição pré-natal ao tabaco e ao álcool encontra-se associada à CCD de início na infância.


Sujets)
Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Grossesse , Dépresseurs du système nerveux central/effets indésirables , Éthanol/effets indésirables , Céphalées/étiologie , Effets différés de l'exposition prénatale à des facteurs de risque/étiologie , Pollution par la fumée de tabac/effets indésirables , Facteurs âges , Analyse multifactorielle , Projets pilotes
8.
West Indian med. j ; 52(1): 59-61, Mar. 2003.
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-410828

Résumé

A case of Alcohol-Induced Persisting Dementia (AIPD) in a 62-year-old man is presented. His progress on treatment with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, rivastigmine, is followed. The significant improvement observed suggests that AIPD may be a new indication for this class of drug


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Carbamates/usage thérapeutique , Dépresseurs du système nerveux central/effets indésirables , Maladie d'Alzheimer/traitement médicamenteux , Éthanol/effets indésirables , Anticholinestérasiques/usage thérapeutique , Troubles neurologiques dus à l'alcool/traitement médicamenteux
9.
J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent ; 2002 Mar; 20(1): 16-20
Article Dans Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-114788

Résumé

The peroperative management of a 4 1/2 yr old child having bilateral recurrent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is presented here. From the anaesthesiologist's point of view, the patient demands special considerations as regards difficulty in intubation, high sensitivity to all central depressant drugs, awake extubation, and post-operative maintenance of a clear airway. It is to be concluded that these conditions call for strict adherence to the basic principles of airway management and close observation extending into the post-operative period.


Sujets)
Anesthésie générale , Ankylose/chirurgie , Arthroplastie , Dépresseurs du système nerveux central/effets indésirables , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Humains , Intubation trachéale , Mâle , Mandibule/chirurgie , Oxygénothérapie , Ventilation à pression positive , Prémédication anesthésique , Récidive , Respiration , Rétrognathie/complications , Syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil/complications , Muscle temporal/transplantation , Troubles de l'articulation temporomandibulaire/chirurgie , Trismus/complications
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