Is the recent increment in attributable deaths to type-2 diabetes (T2D) associated with the latest chikungunya outbreak in a major epidemic area in Brazil?

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) can negatively influence outcomes in patients with pre-existing conditions. We investigated the association between the recent CHIKV outbreak and increased type 2 diabetes (T2D)-attributable deaths. METHODS: Monthly averages of T2D-attributable deaths between 2001 and 2016 were determined and compared to the equivalent data for 2017 and the recent CHIKV outbreak. RESULTS: CHKV outbreak peaked in April 2017 with 4,394.4 cases/100,000 inhabitants, while T2D-attributable deaths in the same period increased by 35.2%. CONCLUSIONS: T2D-attributable deaths significantly increased compared to the previous data, which overlapped with CHIKV incidence. The pathophysiology of this association warrants further investigations.

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection; association with type 2 diabetes mellitus

[1] To seek the association between chronic HCV infection and type 2 diabetes, mellitus. [2] To verify the effect of age, sex, socioeconomic status, obesity and presence of cirrhosis on the association of chronic HCV infection. Case control study. DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad. The subjects were divided into two groups. One was with positive anti-HCV antibody on ELISA method and other was without liver disease and negative for anti-HCV. Both the groups contained 500 subjects each and were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After a brief interview regarding age, residence, family history of diabetes, socioeconomic status, both the groups underwent weight and height measurements. The body mass was calculated according to the formulae. Ultrasonography of abdomen was done of all the patients of study groups to assess the liver status. Chi - square test was applied to see the association and then odds ratio was calculated to check the strength of association. Diabetes mellitus was detected in 174 patients [34.8%] out of 500 patients in the group Aas compared to 30 patients [6%] out of 500 patients in the group B. having chi-square value of 127.69 and significance of 0.000 with HCV +/ HCV- Odds ratio 0.120 and 95% C 10.079-0.181. There is strong association between HCV infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Severity of Liver Disease was strong associated factor

[Study of the prevalence of hepatitis C in type II diabetic patients]

Considering the increasing prevalence of HCV in diabetes type 2 and chronic and progressive nature of HCV infection to cirrhosis and hepato_cellular tumors, we aimed to determine the frequency of HCV infection in diabetes type 2 in order to diagnose and treat these patients as soon as possible. Essential information gathered by prepared check list from diabetic type two patients admitted at endocrinology institute of Firuzgar hospital in a year [from June 2007 to June 2008]. From patients agreed to enroll in this study, blood samples got for detecting HCV Ab and FBS, lipid profile and HCV infection risk factors, also Blood pressure measured in all as well. Results analyzed by the SPSS. Totally 235 diabetes type 2 enrolled in our study with mean age of 60.8 +/- 10 [42-78] years old, most of them were females 146[62.1%]. The mean duration of diabetes was 9.5 +/- 7.7 years. The prevalence of HCV infection risk factors were as follow: surgery history 139 [59.1%], blood transfusion 39 [16.6%], dentistry procedures 175 [74.5%], positive family for HCV infection 30 [12.8%]. Finally, no HCV infection found among our patients, so as expected no association is observed between HCV infection and diabetes duration and various levels of HbA1C. In the present study, no HCV infection reported among our patients which is congruent with another study in Iran. It seems that geographical distribution of various HLA and prevalence of HCV infection in a region are important factors for finding any relationships between HCV infection and diabetes incidence

Comparison of HBs-antibody serum levels between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls following vaccination against hepatitis B

Diabetic patients are at risk to viral hepatitis. It is reported that vaccination with routine doses is not sufficient for diabetic patients especially those with type I, but there is some controversies. The aim of this study was to the assessment and compare of HBs-Ab titer in type II diabetics and controls after vaccination against hepatitis B. In a semi-experimental study, 91 patients with type II diabetes mellitus and 55 non diabetic healthy individuals matched in age, sex, body mass index and smoking were selected by simple non-random sampling. The positive cases for HBs-Ag, HBs-Ab and HBc-Ab were excluded. Vaccination against hepatitis B was carried in 3 times [0, 1, 6 month] with a dose of 20 microg. Then, 3 and 6 months after the last dose, Hb-A1C and HBs-Ab were tested. HBs-Ab titers were compared between two groups using Mann-Whitney U test and the correlation between HBs-Ab and Hb-A1C in two groups. Three months after vaccination, both in diabetics and controls, the mean HBs-Ab level was 335.8 +/- 275.7 and 420.1 +/- 348.4 mIU/ml, and 6 months after vaccination it was 530.7 +/- 387.9 and 552.5 +/- 410.7 mIU/ml respectively [p > 0.05]. There was an inverse but non-significant correlation between HB A1C and HBs-Ab in diabetics. The findings of the current study confirm that the routine vaccination is sufficient for patients with type II diabetes

Adult onset diabetes mellitus in hepatitis C virus infection

There is growing evidence to suggest an association between hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection and diabetes, two common disorders that cause devastating long-term complications in a signficant number of patients. Several reports have found a high prevelance of HCV infection among diabetic patients. Additionally, a high prevelance of diabetes has also been reported in HCV- infected patients in comparison with other liver diseases. On the other hand some authors have not observed an association between HCV infection and diabetes, while others found that diabetes mellitus type 2 occurred with increasing frequency among patients with hepatitis C and this was associated with family history of diabetes mellitus. HCV seropositivity among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is higher than in the general population. Aim of work: Is to study the association between HCV infection and diabetes mellitus. This study included 410 consecutive patients with chronic liver diseases. They were attending the outpatient clinic of the National Hepatol-ogy and Tropical Medicine Research Institute and Aswan Teaching Hospital in the period from May 2004 to July 2005. Their ages ranged from 20-60 years. They were 304 males and 106 females. Patients were classified into 3 groups. Group A consisted of 220 non cirrhotic patients with HCV +ve. Group B consisted of 110 cirrhotic patients with HCV +ve. Group C consisted of 80 patients all are -ve for HCV Ab. Type2 diabetes was diagnosed as a fasting plasma glucose level [7.0mmol/L [126 mg/L] or on treatment with oral hypoglycaemic agents. It was found that distribution of diabetes mellitus between group A and B [HCV +ve] and group C [HCV Ab -ve] were 21.21%, 27.27%, 12.5% in respect order. There were no significant difference between AST levels, ALT level, BMI and diabetes mellitus. we have found an association between diabetes mellitus and HCV infection. It remains to be determined whether an HCV infection leads to diabetes mellitus or vice versa

Possible relationship betwssn diabetes and hepatitis virus C infection

The prevalence of hepatitis [C] virus antibodies [HCV antibodies] was determined on sera obtained from seventy five diabetic patients attending the out patient Diabetic Clinic at the Main Alexandria University Hospital [25 with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus-IDDM-and 50 with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus- NIDDM-] Along with 18 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. Second generation enzyme immunoassay [ELISA-2] screening test and recombinant immunoblot assay [RIBA-2] as confirmatory test were utilized [Orthodiagnostics]. The 25 IDDM patients [12 females and 13 males] were on insulin therapy. Their age was 18-28 years, and the main duration of diabetes was 40 months. Nine age and sex matched healthy volunteers were studied as controls. The HCV prevalence was found to be non significantly different between both groups [8% VS 11.1% NS]. The included 50 NIDDM patients [28 females, 22 males] were on diet or oral hypoglycaemics, none had received insulin therapy. Their age range between 32-35 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 18 months. Nine age and sex matched controls were also studied. HCV antibodies were found to be equally frequent in both groups [11.1%]. The possible risk factors for acquisition of HCV viz age, sex, duration of disease, history of schistosomiasis, jaundice, blood transfusion, dental or surgical manipulations were studied using a multivariate analysis. Only schistosomiasis was found to be significantly associated with HCV infection among the NIDDM patients [O.R. = 6.8]. We can conclude that there is no significant association between IDDM or NIDDM and increased risk of seropositivity for HCV antibodies