Espasmo coronariano no pós-operatório de cirurgia de revacularização do miocárdio sem circulação extracorpórea: Diagnóstico e manejo / Coronary-artery spasm after coronary artery bypass graft surgery without extracorporeal circulation: Diagnostic and management

O espasmo de artérias coronárias no perioperatório de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio é uma complicação grave, com elevada mortalidade. Paciente de 51 anos submetido à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio sem circulação extracorpórea. Apresentou no 1ºdia de pós-operatório (PO) alteração enzimática e supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, evoluindo, em seguida, em fibrilação ventricular, com reanimação cardiopulmonar com sucesso. Cateterismo cardíaco demonstrou espasmo importante de todas as artérias coronárias e da anastomose entre artéria torácica interna esquerda com artéria interventricular anterior. Utilizados vasodilatadores intracoronarianos e intra-enxerto, com restabelecimento de seus calibres usuais, imediata melhora clínica e estabilidade hemodinâmica. Com evolução satisfatória, o paciente recebeu alta hospitalar no 13º PO.

Coronary artery spasm in perioperative of coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a serious complication, with high rate mortality. Patient 51 years-old submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery without Extracorporeal Circulation. The patient evolved in 1st post operative (PO) day with enzymatic alteration and ST-elevation, developing soon afterwards in ventricular fibrillation, defibrillation with success. Cardiac catheterization showed important spasm of all coronary arteries and anastomosis between the left internal thoracic artery and the left anterior interventricular artery. Intracoronary Vasodilators and intra-graft, with re-establishment of their usual and immediate calibers to improve clinic and Hemodynamic stability was used. Satisfactory evolution, discharged at 13rd PO day.

randomized clinical trial of pre-induction cervical ripening by isosorbide mononitrate at term prgnancy

Induction of labor is deemed successful when it initiates uterine contractions, progressively dilates and effaces the cervix, and leading to the normal vaginal birth of the baby with no maternal or fetal complications. Because the success of induction is related to cervical ripening, artificial cervical ripening before labor induction is used when the cervix is unfavorable to reduce the associated risk of cesarean delivery. To test the efficacy and safety of Isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening before the induction of labor at term, from. A randomized clinical trial was conducted in maternity hospital in Sulaimani, from the 1st of January 2008 to the 1st of July 2008. Forty six pregnant women with gestational age of [37- 42] weeks, singleton, viable, low risk pregnancy and cephalic presentation with Bishop score of less than 6 were selected for induction of labor for various causes. Forty eight hours before induction, 40 mg IMN [2 tablets of 20 mg] were inserted vaginally up to 3 doses 16 hours apart. It was found that the mean +/- SD Bishop score before IMN administration was [1.95 +/- 1.5], while after IMN was [6.65 +/- 3.06] P-value = 0.0001. Sixteen cases [35.6%] went to active labor. The mean +/- SD time of admission in labor room was [5.06 +/- 3.8] hours.43 cases [93.5%] needed oxytocin for their inductions and eighteen cases [39.1%] were delivered by C/S. There was no significant change in FHR before and after IMN and all women delivered active babies with normal Apgar score. The main side effect was headache which was experienced by 31cases [63.4%]. IMN is an effective and safe agent for cervical ripening which can be used as an outpatient basis

Randomized double blind placebo controlled trial of outpatient cervical ripening with isosorbide mononitrate prior to induction of labor

Our aim was to examine the efficacy and safety of isosorbide mononitrate [IMN] for cervical ripening and labor induction. Two hundred and forty pregnant women of at least 41 week gestation with a bishop score <5 were selected for a double blind trial, to randomly receive either 60 mg of vaginal IMN or a vaginal placebo. Fifty-four percent treated with IMN went to active phase of labor compared to thirty-one percent in the placebo group [p<0.01]. Ninty-eight women in the study group had vaginal delivery compared to eighty-two women in the placebo group. Mean interval to active phase of labor had statistical differences between the two groups. Headache was the common side effect with moderate intensity in IMN group. Outpatient cervical ripening and labor induction with isosorbide mononitrate seems to be an effective, safe and well tolerated procedure. Although some of women experienced side effects, no serious clinical maternal or fetal adverse effects were diagnosed. The definitive clinical efficacy and safety need to be evaluated in larger series of patients

Efficacy of Terminalia arjuna in chronic stable angina: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study comparing Terminalia arjuna with isosorbide mononitrate.

BACKGROUND: Terminalia arjuna, an Indian medicinal plant, has been reported to have beneficial effects in patients with ischemic heart disease in a number of small, open studies. The need for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with adequate sample size has long been felt. The bark extract (IPC-53) contains acids (arjunic acid, terminic acid), glycosides (arjunetin arjunosides I-IV), strong antioxidants (flavones, tannins, oligomeric proanthocyanidins), minerals. etc. and exhibits antifailure and anti-ischemic properties. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-eight males with chronic stable angina (NYHA class II-III) with evidence of provocable ischemia on treadmill exercise test received Terminalia arjuna (500 mg 8 hourly), isosorbide mononitrate (40 mg/daily) or a matching placebo for one week each, separated by a wash-out period of at least three days in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. They underwent clinical, biochemical and treadmill exercise evaluation at the end of each therapy which were compared during the three therapy periods. Terminalia arjuna therapy was associated with significant decrease in the frequency of angina and need for isosorbide dinitrate (5.69+/-6.91 mg/week v. 18.22+/-9.29 mg/week during placebo therapy, p<0.005). The treadmill exercise test parameters improved significantly during therapy with Terminalia arjuna compared to those with placebo. The total duration of exercise increased (6.14+/-2.51 min v. 4.76+/-2.38 min, p<0.005), maximal ST depression during the longest equivalent stages of submaximal exercise decreased (1.41+/-0.55 mm v. 2.21+/-0.56 mm, p<0.005), time to recovery decreased (6.49+/-2.37 min v. 9.27+/-3.39 min, p<0.005) and higher double products were achieved (25.75+/-4.81x10(3) v. 23.11+/-4.83x10(3), p<0.005) during Terminalia arjuna therapy. Similar improvements in clinical and treadmill exercise test parameters were observed with isosorbide mononitrate compared to placebo therapy. No significant differences were observed in clinical or treadmill exercise test parameters when Terminalia arjuna and isosorbide mononitrate therapies were compared. No significant untoward effects were reported during Terminalia arjuna therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Terminalia arjuna bark extract, 500 mg 8 hourly, given to patients with stable angina with provocable ischemia on treadmill exercise, led to improvement in clinical and treadmill exercise parameters as compared to placebo therapy. These benefits were similar to those observed with isosorbide mononitrate (40 mg/day) therapy and the extract was well tolerated. Limitations of this study include applicability of the results to only men with chronic stable angina but not necessarily to women, as they were not studied.

Safety and efficacy of Hartone in stable angina pectoris--an open comparative trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 'Hartone'--a proprietary herbal product primarily containing Terminalia arjuna in stable angina pectoris patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten patients with stable angina pectoris were given Hartone 2 caps twice daily for 6 weeks and 1 cap twice daily for the next 6 weeks. Haematological and biochemical investigations to assess safety were carried out on day 0, day 42 and day 84. Serum lipid profile was done before and after therapy. Efficacy was assessed by considering the reduction in the number of anginal episodes and improvement in stress test. The results were compared with 10 patients of stable angina pectoris on isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) 20 mg twice daily. RESULTS: Hartone afforded symptomatic relief in 80% of patients and ISMN in 70%. The number of anginal attacks were reduced from 79/wk to 24/wk by Hartone and from 26/wk to 7/wk by ISMN. Although patients of both groups showed improvement in several stress test parameters compared to base line, the difference was not statistically significant. Hartone improved BP response to stress test in two patients and ejection fraction in one. Hartone was better tolerated than ISMN and showed no evidence of hepatic or renal impairment. Its effects on lipid profile was not consistent. CONCLUSION: Hartone is a safe and effective anti-anginal agent comparable to ISMN and is better tolerated. Large scale, randomised, double blind trials are needed to prove its efficacy.

Comparison of anti-ischemic effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate, metoprolol and diltiazem: a study based on serial treadmill exercise test.

A prospective double blind cross over study compared the anti-ischemic effect of 20 mg of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN), 60 mg of diltiazem and 100 mg of metoprolol by performing serial treadmill tests (TMTs) following oral administration of single dose of each drug in 28 patients of ischemic heart disease with positive exercise TMT. The anti-ischemic effect of IS-5-MN, diltiazem and metoprolol was evaluated by assessing the time to onset of ischemia (400.8 +/- 41.1 vs 394.1 +/- 36.0 vs 412.7 +/- 36.6 secs respectively, all p > or = 0.05), duration of ischemia (390.9 +/- 58.5 vs 447.6 +/- 65.9 vs 419.4 +/- 58.7 secs respectively, all p > or = 0.05), duration of exercise 464.0 +/- 32.9 vs 476.8 +/- 32.5 vs 502.6 +/- 31.3 secs respectively, all p > or = 0.05) and severity of ischemia by scoring system (10.0 +/- 1.5 vs 10.7 +/- 1.4 vs 9.8 +/- 1.5 respectively, all p > or = 0.05). Thus, the present study suggests that there is no significant difference in the anti-ischemic effect of IS-5-MN, diltiazem and metoprolol and also suggests that the anti-ischemic effect of metoprolol is primarily by decreasing the heart rate while IS-5-MN and diltiazem exert anti-ischemic effect probably by decreasing oxygen demand and improving coronary blood flow.

5 mononitrato de isosorbide en la prevención de la hemorragia digestiva en cirrosis: estudio randomizado / Isosorbide-5-mononitrate in prevention of digestive hemorrhage in cirrhosis: randomized study

El (5MI) es un dilatador venoso preferencial del que se ha mostrado que disminuye la presión venosa portal, en estudios hemodinámicos a corto y largo plazo, y ésto no está asociado con efectos adversos sobre la perfusión hepática. El objetivo de este ensayo fué investigar la eficacia y seguridad del 5MI en la prevención de la hemorragia gastrointestinal alta, en pacientes cirróticos. Cuarenta y dos pacientes cirróticos con várices esofágicas F2 y F3 con "signos rojos", que nunca habian sangrado fueron incluidos y asignados al azar para recibir sea 5Ml (grupo I, n23), o placebo (grupo P, n19). Fueron excluidos los pacientes con hepatocarcinoma o complicaciones potencialmente letales en el corto plazo, o que estuvieran recibiendo drogas tales como esteroides o interfern. Los puntos finales de este estudio fueron hemorragia y muerte. No había diferencias significativas entre los grupos en lo concerniente a datos bajales de clínica y laboratorio. El tiempo medio ñ SD de seguimiento fue de 49 ñ 36 y 43 ñ 25 semanas respectivamente, en los grupos I y P. El porciento de pacientes libres de hemorragia 61 semanas después de la inclusión en el estudio fue 62,4 por ciento en el grupo I y 46,3 por ciento en el grupo P(NS). El porciento de pacientes que sobrevivian 85 semanas después de la inclusión fue 85,2 por ciento en el grupo I y 39,8 por ciento en el grupo P(MS). No hubo que suspender el tratamiento en ningún paciente por efectos colaterales. En conclusión, el 5MI es una droga segura para el tratamiento crónico de la hipertensión portal, que muestra tendencia a reducir el riesgo de sangrado y muerte en cirrosis con várices esofágicas grandes. Merece continuar siendo investigado en estudios controlados