Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of septic arthritis of the hip, 2006 to 2012, a seven-year review

OBJECTIVE: To epidemiologically characterize the population treated at our orthopedic clinic with a diagnosis of septic arthritic of the hip between 2006 and 2012. METHODS: Fifteen patients diagnosed with septic arthritis of the hip between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients' clinical and epidemiological characteristics were surveyed; a sensitivity profile relating to the microorganisms that caused the infections and the complications relating to the patients' treatment and evolution were identified. RESULTS: Septic arthritis was more common among males. Most diagnoses were made through positive synovial fluid cultures, after joint drainage was performed using the Smith-Petersen route. Among the comorbidities found, the most prevalent were systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and human immunodeficiency virus. The pathological joint conditions diagnosed prior to joint infection were osteoarthrosis and developmental dysplasia of the hip. The infectious agent most frequently isolated was Staphylococcus aureus. From the clinical and laboratory data investigated, 53.33% of the cases presented with fever, and all except one patient presented with increased measures in inflammation tests. Gram staining was positive in only 26.66% of the synovial fluid samples analyzed. Six patients presented with joint complications after treatment was administered. CONCLUSION: S. aureus is the most common pathogen in acute infections of the hip in our setting. Factors such as clinical comorbidities are associated with septic arthritis of the hip. Because of the relatively small number of patients, given that this is a condition of low prevalence, there was no statistically significant correlation in relation to worse prognosis for the disease. .

Condrodisplasia em bovinos no Sul do Rio Grande do Sul / Chondrodysplasia in cattle in Southern Brazil

Descrevem-se 14 casos de condrodisplasia em bovinos. Os dados epidemiológicos e clínicos foram obtidos de protocolos de necropsia e o estudo histológico das lesões foi realizado em fragmentos de ossos longos e ossos da base do crânio dos 14 casos estudados. Onze casos eram de condrodisplasia tipo Telemark e três, tipo bulldog (Dexter). Treze dos 14 bovinos afetados eram da raça Jersey e um era da raça Shorthorn. Concluiu-se que o gene transmissor das condrodisplasias encontra-se presente na população Jersey da região e medidas, como utilização de reprodutores de outras regiões e/ou com teste de progênie ou identificação de genes indesejáveis por meio de técnicas moleculares, devem contribuir para diminuir a ocorrência destes casos na população Jersey da região.

Fourteen cases of chondrodysplasia in cattle are described. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained from filed necropsy protocols. A histological study of the lesions was performed on long and skull base bones. Eleven cases of chondrodysplasia Telemark type and three Bulldog (Dexter) type were observed. Thirteen out of 14 cases occurred in Jersey cattle and one in Shorthorn. It was concluded that the gene carrier of chondrodysplasia is present in the Jersey population of the region, and breeding measures such as the use of bulls from other regions and/or progeny testing or identification of undesirable genes using molecular techniques should help reduce the occurrence of these cases in the Jersey population of the region.

Frequency of developmental dysplasia of hip detected by graf's ultrasonographic method in icteric newborns: a preliminary study

Limping is a debilitating problem that can be prevented by screening at risk newborns. Jaundice is a problem that brings approximately one fifth of newborns to hospital in early infancy. The aim of this study was to find out whether the newborns with physiologic jaundice are at an increased risk of developing developmental dislocation of hip and whether it is logical to screen these newborns with Graf's ultrasonographic method. Throughout a year, 320 icteric newborns [640 hips] that referred to Nemazee Hospital Neonatal Emergency Room for checking their bilirubin were screened by Graf's ultrasonographic method for developmental dislocation of hip [DDH]. Any newborn with other problems such as congenital anomalies were excluded form this study. Of the 640 hips, 21 newborns [3.28%] had a dysplastic hip [Class IIa] that needed follow up and 12 from them came back for follow up of hip ultrasongraphy, all of whom became normal [Class Ia] without treatment. Only 1 hip did have severe dysplasia [Class IIc] [.16%] that needed treatment at the time of discovery. The rate of DDH seems not to increase in the newborns with physiologic jaundice. It seems not to be logical to screen newborns with physiologic jaundice with Graf's ultrasonographic method, if screening is not cost-effective

Spectrum of severe skeletal dysplasias in North India.

OBJECTIVE: Severe skeletal dysplasias are a group of bone growth disorders characterized by a lethal outcome in utero or infancy. We describe our experience of the severe skeletal dysplasias diagnosed amongst fetal autopsies done at a tertiary level centre over a five year period. METHODS: We evaluated 15 cases with short limbed dwarfism, of which 13 fetuses were examined after termination of pregnancy and two were evaluated postnatally. RESULTS: Short rib dysplasia syndromes with or without polydactyly, osteogenesis imperfecta type II, thanatophoric dysplasia, campomelic dysplasia, chondrodysplasia punctata, rhizomelic type and achondrogenesis were the lethal skeletal dysplasias diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Precise identification of the tye of skeletal dysplasia is paramount for proper genetic counseling. Postnatal examination and detailed radiographic examination of the fetus especially of the pelvis, limbs, skull and spine are essential to identify the type of skeletal dysplasia.

Polidactilia: incidencia y sus formas clínicas en Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, período 1969-1991 / Poliydactyly: incidence and clinical aspects in Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile, 1969-1991

Estudiamos en forma prospectiva, desde septiembre de 1969 hasta marzo de 1991, 125.652 recién nacidos en la maternidad del Hospital Clínico de la Universsidad de Chile en busca de malformaciones congénitas. Encontramos 203 niños con polidactilia, lo que representa una incidencia de 1,6 por 1000 nacidos vivos. En el 64,5 por ciento de los casos fueron del tipo postaxial y 25,6 por ciento preaxial (x2=60,4; p<0,01). En 9,8 por ciento no fue especificado. Polidactilia de manos fue mas frecuente que de pies (65,02 por ciento /34,97 por ciento ) especialmente en las preaxiales (x2=5,03; p<0,05). Polidactilia se asoció a otras malformaciones congénitas en el 17,75 por ciento de los casos. El 57,14 por ciento de los casos fueron varones, lo que se aleja considerablemente de la proporción de sexos en recién nacidos normales (z=1,78, p=0,046). El antecedente de enfermedades agudas del primer trimestre del embarazo y el haber recibido medicamentos en ese período fueron mas frecuentes en niños con polidactilia que en los controles (x2=12,6; p<0,01). La recurrencia familiar fue de 22,17 por ciento