Estandarización de una técnica molecular para el diagnóstico de virus orf útil en la ganadería ovina / Standardization of a molecular technique for the diagnosis of orf virus, useful in sheep raising

Orf o Ectima contagioso, enfermedad producida por virus DNA perteneciente a la familia poxviridae género parapoxvirus; se caracteriza por producir enfermedad vesicular en ganado, principalmente en rumiante menores. Personas que tengan contacto con animales u objetos contaminados con el virus pueden desarrollar la enfermedad, la cual es catalogada como la zoonosis de mayor diagnóstico en países donde la industria ovina se desarrolla a gran escala. Las lesiones más comunes se ubican en la zona bucal y ventanas nasales de animales y en dedos y manos en ser humano. En Chile existe la enfermedad y se han reportado casos en personas relacionadas a la industria ovina. No existe en el país método de diagnóstico, por lo cual se estandarizó una prueba de diagnóstico molecular (PCR) a partir de un oligonucleótido sintetizado y posteriormente se reprodujo la técnica a partir de un especimen biológico clínicamente positivo.

Orf or contagious Ectima, a disease produced by virus DNA belonging to the family poxviridae genus parapoxvirus is characterized by generating vesicular disease in cattle, specially in minor ruminants. Persons having contact with virus contaminated animals or objects might develop the disease, which is classified as the most frequently diagnosed zoonosis in countries where the sheep industry is developed on large scale. Most common lesions are located in the mouth zone and nasal windows of animals and in fingers and hands in the human being. The disease is present in Chile and cases related to persons working in the sheep industry have been reported. There is not a diagnosis method in the country, for which reason a molecular diagnosis test (PCR) was standardized from a synthesized oligonucleotid and subsequently the technique was reproduced from a clinically positive biological specimen.

Ectima contagioso em ovinos e caprinos no semi-árido da Paraíba / Contagious echtyma in sheep and goats in the semiarid of Paraíba, Brazil

Descrevem-se dez surtos de ectima contagioso em caprinos e dois em ovinos no semi-árido da Paraíba. Os animais jovens foram os mais afetados, mas em oito surtos animais adultos também foram afetados, principalmente cabras lactantes que apresentavam lesões no úbere. Em nenhum dos rebanhos afetados havia antecedentes de vacinação contra ectima contagioso. Histologicamente a epiderme apresentava acantose com hiperplasia pseudoepiteliomatosa e com múltiplos focos de degeneração hidrópica formando vesículas ou pústulas. Inclusões intracitoplasmáticas eosinofílicas foram observadas em queratinócitos. Havia restos celulares necróticos formando crostas, hiperqueratose e microabscessos intracorneais ou extensas áreas ulceradas. Na derme observou-se infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear difuso. Também foi registrado um caso humano em um pesquisador que tinha administrado planta por via oral a um caprino que, posteriormente, apresentou lesões de ectima contagioso. Neste caso, também foram observadas lesões características em uma biopsia e o vírus foi identificado por microscopia eletrônica. Conclui-se que a doença é endêmica no semi-árido e que é necessária a vacinação sistemática dos rebanhos para diminuir os prejuízos econômicos causados pela mesma. A utilização de luvas para o manuseio de animais afetados é necessária para evitar casos humanos da enfermidade.

Ten outbreaks of contagious ecthyma in goats and two in sheep in the semiarid of Paraíba State are reported. Young animals were more frequently affected, but in 8 outbreaks adult animals were also affected, mainly lactating goats which developed udder lesions. None of the affected flocks had been vaccinated. Upon histologic examination the epidermis showed acanthosis with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and multifocal ballooning degeneration forming vesicles or pustules. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies were observed in keratinocytes. Crust of necrotic cells, hyperkeratosis, and intracorneal microabscesses or large ulcerated areas were also observed. Severe diffuse infiltration by mononuclear cells was observed in the dermis. A human case was observed in an investigator that was feeding a goat that later appeared with lesions of the disease. In this case, the virus was identified by electron microscopy of a skin biopsy. These results show that contagious ecthyma is endemic in Northeastern Brazil and therefore systematic vaccination of the flocks is necessary to control the disease. The use of gloves to handle affected animals is advisable to minimize the risk of human exposure.

Ectima contagioso: una enfermedad ocupacional en la industria ovina / Contagious ecthyma: an occupational disease in the sheep industry

Ectima contagioso, enfermedad producida por virus perteneciente a la familia poxviridae; se caracteriza por producir enfermedad vesicular en ganado, principalmente en rumiante menores. Personas que tengan contacto con animales u objetos contaminados con el virus pueden desarrollar la enfermedad, la cual es catalogada como la zoonosis de mayor diagnóstico en países donde la industria ovina se desarrolla a gran escala. Chile apunta al bicentenario triplicando la masa ovina existente en el país, por lo mismo, es necesario tomar en cuenta esta enfermedad que podría constituirse como problema en la producción ovina y en la salud ocupacional. Se analiza la posibilidad de realizar algunas pruebas de laboratorio para el diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad y así estar preparados para los nuevos escenarios que se presenten.

Contagious ecthyma, a disease produced by a virus of the poxviridae family, characterized by producing vesicular disease in cattle, specially in small ruminants. People having contact with animals or objects contaminated with the virus may develop the disease, whichis classified as the principal diagnosed zoonosis, in countries where the sheep industry is developed in large scale. Chile aims at tripling the sheep mass existing in the country for the bicentennial. For this reason it is necessary to take into account that this disease might become a problem in sheep production and occupational health. The possibility of making some laboratory tests for the early diagnosis of the disease is discussed and thus be prepared to meet the new scenarios that might be encountered.

Diseases caused by poxvirus - orf and milker's nodules - a review

Sheep and cattle parapoxviruses cause in human beings diseases of very similar aspect, named orf and milker's nodules, respectively. These infections are generically called farmyard pox. In the present article, we show the epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological aspects, as well as the treatment of these two viral diseases that are very similar, being differentiated only by their epidemiological aspects

Lesiones por parapoxvirus en veterinarios de México / Parapoxvirus infection in veterinary practitioners of México

Se describen tres casos de lesiones en las manos médicos de veterinarios, producidas por parapoxvirus. En dos de los casos, las lesiones pudieron atribuirse al virus del ectima contagioso, tomando en cuenta la historia clínica. En todos los casos el diagnóstico se confirmó mediante la observación por microscopía electrónica de las partículas virales características (Tipo 2 o C)