Trombo a través de foramen oval permeable: embolia paradojal cerebral y factores de alto riesgo de recurrencia. Caso clínico / Paradoxical embolism due to a persistent patent foramen ovale: report of one case

Abstract: Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is one of the most frequent congenital defects in adults. Its prevalence in middle-aged adults is close to 25-30% and may cause paradoxical embolic phenomena. We report a 45 years old male admitted for an ischemic stroke with an occlusion of the left terminal internal carotid artery. A thrombectomy was performed. Searching for possible sources of emboli, a patent foramen ovale was detected in an echocardiography, with an hypoechogenic examination image passing through it. Anticoagulant therapy was started and the patient had an uneventful evolution.

Severe infective endocarditis with systemic embolism due to community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST630

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are increasingly causing infective endocarditis over the past decade. Here we report a healthy man who developed a severe acute infective endocarditis with systemic embolism caused by CA- MRSA. The strain was recovered from repeated blood cultures and was characterized using molecular detection and genotyping. The S. aureus isolate was typed as ST630 SCCmecV with spa-type t4549, agrI/IV and was PVL-negative. This is the only case report, to our knowledge, of CA-MRSA infective endocarditis in China. This case highlights the emergence and geographical spread of life-threatening CA-MRSA infection within China.

Ictus isquémico en puérpera secundario a embolismo paradójico / Stroke following paradoxical embolism in the postpartum period

El infarto cerebral durante el embarazo o puerperio es una complicación grave que causa alta morbimortalidad materna. Presentamos el caso de una mujer previamente sana, de 32 años de edad, que sufrió embolismo cerebral posparto. La ecocardiografía confirma la presencia de foramen oval permeable, que puede ser causa de embolismo paradójico, causando un accidente vascular cerebral transitorio o infarto. Para prevenir episodios recurrentes de embolismo cerebral durante el embarazo, parto o puerperio, se realizó el cierre intervencional del foramen oval sin complicaciones.

Stroke during pregnancy and puerperium is a severe complication that causes high morbidity and mortality. We report a case of previously healthy, 32 year old woman, who suffered cerebral embolism after delivery. Echocardiography confirmed the patent foramen ovale. Patent foramen ovale may be a mechanism of paradoxical embolism causing a transient ischemic attack or stroke. To prevent recurrent cerebral embolism during pregnancy, delivery and puerpuerium, interventional closure of the patent foramen ovale was performed. The postinterventional course was uneventeful.

Massive Paradoxical Air Embolism in Brain Occurring after Central Venous Catheterization: A Case Report

Cerebral air embolism is a rare but fatal complication of central venous catheterization. Here, we report a case of paradoxical cerebral air embolism associated with central venous catheterization. An 85-yr-old man underwent right internal jugular vein catheterization, and became obtunded. Brain MR imaging and CT revealed acute infarction with multiple air bubbles on the side of catheter insertion. The possibility of cerebral air embolism should be considered in patients developing neurological impairment after central venous catheterization, and efforts should be made to limit cerebral damage.

Paradoxical Air Embolism during Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Case Report

Air embolism is a rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Patent foramen ovale, which is necessary in fetal circulation, is a potential route for emboli arising from the venous system to enter the systemic arterial circulation, resulting in paradoxical air embolism syndrome. A case of paradoxical air embolism during percutaneous nephrolithotomy is presented. To our knowledge, this is the first report of paradoxical air embolism associated with patent foramen ovale during percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Papel do forame oval patente e da válvula de Eustáquio nos eventos tromboenbólicos / Role of patent foramen ovale and of the Eustaquian valve in the trhomboembolic events

A associação entre forame oval patente (FOP) e embolia paradoxal é assunto já descrito na literatura médica. Quando não existe associação com aneurisma de septo atrial, surgem dúvidas quanto à origem do trombo devido à dificuldade que se tem de documentar a passagem de êmbolos vindos da circulação venosa pelo shunt direita-esquerda. Descrevemos quatro casos de eventos vasculares, cujos ecocardiogramas transesofágicos demonstraram a presença de trombo aderido ao FOP associado à válvula de Eustáquio proeminente na ausência de aneurisma de septo. Esse artigo visa ilustrar e chamar atenção para o potencial papel do FOP e da válvula de Eustáquio na ocorrência da embolia paradoxal.

Embolia paradojal inminente / Impending paradoxical embolism

La presencia de un trombo venoso atrapado en un defecto interauricular e insinuándose en las cavidades izquierdas configura una forma extremadamente inusual de enfermedad tromboembólica denominada embolia paradojal inminente. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 71 años, sometido 10 días antes a adenomectomía prostática, que consultó por disnea y mareos. Se le diagnosticó tromboembolismo pulmonar bilateral por tomografía axial computada helicoidal. Se lo anticoaguló con heparina sódica y se le realizó un ecocardiograma transesofágico que mostró un trombo que atravesaba el foramen oval y se alojaba en la aurícula izquierda. No presentaba signos clínicos de embolización sistémica. Se realizó la embolectomía quirúrgica y cierre del defecto auricular. El paciente falleció

An intracardiac thrombus traversing a patent foramen ovale is a very infrequent but potentially catastrophic complication of the thromboembolic disease. It is named "impending paradoxical embolism". We report the case of a 71 year old Caucasian male warded in ten days after a prostatectomy because of bilateral pulmonary embolism. Diagnosis was confirmed by HCT scan and the patient received anticoagulation with heparin. A transesophageal ecocardiogram disclosed a thrombus traversing foramen ovale into the left atrium. Surgical embolectomy was performed, but the patient died shortly after surgery

Embolia paradoxal / Paradoxal embolism

Relata-se caso de Embolia Paradoxal em paciente jovem com Cardiopatia Congênita Acianótica (persistência do forame oval), que apresentou Doença Cérebro-vascular Isquêmica aguda (embólica). Os êmbolos paradoxais alcançam o cérebro quando o sangue periférico acessa a circulaçäo arterial sistêmica através de "shunt" da direita para a esquerda; salienta-se a origem cardíaca como importante fator a ser considerado em fenômenos embólicos cerebrais, especialmente em pacientes jovens com infartos cerebrais "criptogênicos"