Hemorragia digestiva alta grave por fistula entre arteria esplénica y manga gástrica / Severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to fistula between splenic artery and gastric sleeve / Hemorragia digestiva alta grave devido a fístula entre artéria esplênica e manga gástrica

La hemorragia digestiva determinada por una fístula entre manga gástrica y seudoaneurisma de arteria esplénica o polo superior de bazo es infrecuente. Se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente de 52 años con antecedentes de cirugía de manga gástrica y fuga anastomótica. Ingresó por hemorragia digestiva alta grave. Se operó de emergencia y realizó punto hemostático sobre cara posterior de manga gástrica. Se reintervino por resangrado realizándose la gastrectomía y esplenopancreatectomía distal por solución de continuidad de arteria esplénica. Dada la inestabilidad hemodinámica se efectuó un esofagostoma y yeyunostomía, reconstruyéndose a los 8 meses con buena evolución.

Gastrointestinal bleeding caused by a fistula between the gastric sleeve and a pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery or upper pole of the spleen is uncommon. A clinical case of a 52-year-old patient with a history of gastric sleeve surgery and anastomotic leak is presented. She was admitted for severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding. She underwent emergency surgery and performed a hemostatic stitch on the posterior face of the gastric sleeve. She underwent reoperation due to rebleeding, performing gastrectomy and distal splenopancreatectomy due to discontinuation of the splenic artery. Given the hemodynamic instability, an esophagostomy and jejunostomy were performed, reconstructing at 8 months with good evolution.

O sangramento gastrointestinal causado por uma fístula entre a manga gástrica e um pseudoaneurisma da artéria esplênica ou pólo superior do baço é incomum. Apresenta-se o caso clínico de um paciente de 52 anos com história de cirurgia de manga gástrica e fístula anastomótica. Ele foi internado por hemorragia digestiva alta grave. Uma operação de emergência foi realizada e um ponto hemostático foi realizado na face posterior da manga gástrica. Foi reoperado por ressangramento, realizando gastrectomia e esplenopancreatectomia distal por descontinuação da artéria esplênica. Dada a instabilidade hemodinâmica, foi realizada esofagostomia e jejunostomia, reconstruindo aos 8 meses com boa evolução.

Tratamiento endoscópico de una fístula aguda tras gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica / Endoscopic treatment of an acute fistula after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy / Tratamento endoscópico de uma fístula aguda após gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica

La fístula gástrica aguda es una de las principales complicaciones vinculadas a la gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica (GVL). Existen múltiples opciones terapéuticas para su resolución, siendo el tratamiento endoscópico mediante colocación de clips o stents uno de los más importantes. La aplicabilidad de cada método va a depender del tipo de fístula y del estado del paciente. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 35 años, que desarrolla una fístula aguda posterior a una GVL. Se realiza tratamiento endoscópico con colocaciónn del sistema "over-the-scope clip" (Ovesco®) a nivel del orificio fistuloso, con posterior colocaciónn de stent metálico auto expandible.

Acute gastric fistula is one of the main complications associated with laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy (LVG). There are multiple therapeutic options for its resolution, being endoscopic treatment by placing clips or stents one of the most important. The applicability of each method will depend on the type of fistula and the patient's condition. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman who developed an acute fistula after LGV. Endoscopic treatment is performed with placement of the over-the-scope clip system (Ovesco®) at the level of the fistulous orifice, with subsequent placement of a self-expanding metal stent.

A fístula gástrica aguda é uma das principais complicações associadas à gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica (GVL). Existem múltiplas opções terapêuticas para a sua resolução, sendo o tratamento endoscópico com colocação de clipes ou stents uma das mais importantes. A aplicabilidade de cada método dependerá do tipo de fístula e do estado do paciente. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 35 anos que apresentou uma fístula aguda após GVL. O tratamento endoscópico foi realizado com a colocação do sistema de clipe over-the-scope (Ovesco®) no nível do orifício fistuloso, com posterior colocação de stent metálico autoexpansível.

Manejo quirúrgico de una fístula gastropleural posterior a manga gástrica / Surgical management of a gastropleural fistula after gastric sleeve

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 30 años de edad, sometida a un procedimiento de manga gástrica por laparoscopia en marzo de 2014, quien presenta, al tercer y cuarto años del procedimiento inicial, dos episodios de hemoptisis masiva, con falla en la segunda terapia de embolización, por lo que requirió una lobectomía pulmonar inferior izquierda. Al segundo día de este postoperatorio presenta salida de material de nutrición por las sondas de tórax, estableciéndose el diagnóstico de fistula gastropleural. Debido a falla con el manejo conservador, fue sometida a una resección quirúrgica de la fístula por vía laparoscópica, con gastrectomía proximal y reconstrucción en Y de Roux. A propósito de nuestra experiencia con esta paciente, se discuten en este artículo las estrategias de manejo para una fístula gastropleural, propuestas en la literatura a la fecha

This is a clinical case of a 30-year-old patient, who underwent a laparoscopic gastric sleeve procedure in March 2014, who presented, at the third and fourth years of the initial procedure, two episodes of massive hemoptysis, with failure in the second embolization therapy, requiring a lower left pulmonary lobectomy. On the second day of this postoperative period, the nutrition material came out through the chest tubes, establishing the diagnosis of gastropleural fistula. Due to failure of conservative management, she underwent laparoscopic surgical resection of the fistula, with proximal gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Regarding our experience with this patient, this article discusses the management strategies for a gastropleural fistula, proposed in the literature to date

Manejo multidisciplinario con drenaje interno endoscópico en fuga post manga gástrica / Multidisciplinary management with endoscopic internal drain of gastric sleeve leak

INTRODUCCIÓN. El número de pacientes con obesidad ha aumentado durante las tres últimas décadas. En el 2016 la manga gástrica ocupó el 53,6% de los procedimientos bariátricos a nivel mundial y la fístula gástrica es una complicación que tiene una prevalencia entre el 0,50 al 7,00%. CASO CLÍNICO. Paciente femenina de 46 años, con Índice de Masa Corporal de 45,20 kg/m 2, más dislipidemia y un exceso de peso de 54 kg al inicio del protocolo; presentó como complicación temprana fístula gástrica localizada en tercio superior con sepsis abdominal que necesitó cirugía de revisión con lavado más colocación de drenajes. RESULTADOS. Se realizó manejo con endoprótesis esofágica que migró por dos ocasiones, ameritó retiro, con posterior colocación de sonda nasoyeyunal más drenaje interno pigtail a través de la solución de continuidad. A los 39 días post cirugía de revisión egresó con cierre de fuga con Índice de Masa Corporal de 36 kg/m2 y parámetros nutricionales normales. DISCUSIÓN. La fístula o fuga post manga gástrica tienen cierre sin corrección quirúrgica que depende de las serie de hasta el 97,1%. El manejo endoscópico presentó resultados satisfactorios mediante el uso de catéter de drenaje interno "pigtail". CONCLUSIÓN. El manejo sistemático multidisciplinario para una fístula gástrica temprana con nutrición enteral mediante sonda nasoyeyunal más colocación endoscópica de drenaje interno "pigtail", fue una estrategia disponible para resolución de esta complicación, primer caso reportado en el país.

INTRODUCTION. The number of obese patients has increased over the past three decades. In 2016, gastric sleeve accounted for 53,6% of bariatric procedures worldwide, and gastric fistula is a complication with a prevalence of between 0,50 and 7,00%. CLINICAL CASE. 46-year-old female patient, with a Body Mass Index of 45,20 kg/m2, plus dyslipidemia and an excess weight of 54 kg at the beginning of the protocol; It presented as an early complication gastric fistula located in the upper third with abdominal sepsis that required revision surgery with lavage plus placement of drains. RESULTS. Management was carried out with an esophageal endoprosthesis that migrated twice, meriting removal, with subsequent placement of a nasojejunal tube plus internal pigtail drainage through the continuity solution. 39 days after revision surgery, he was discharged with leak closure with a Body Mass Index of 36 kg/m2 and normal nutritional parameters. DISCUSSION. The fistula or post gastric sleeve leak has closure without surgical correction that depends on the series of up to 97,1%. Endoscopic management presented satisfactory results using a pigtail internal drainage catheter. CONCLUSION. The systematic multidisciplinary management for an early gastric fistula with enteral nutrition through nasojejunal tube plus endoscopic placement of internal drainage "pigtail" was an available strategy for resolution of this complication, the first case reported in country.

The Causes, Prevention, and Management of Gastric Leakage after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Review Article

Obesity has been considered a chronic relapsing disease. The increasing number of obese individuals has resulted in an increase in the demand for bariatric surgeries annually. Post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy complications are challenging for both patients and surgeons. Thus, this paper reviews the most common and significant risk factors for leakage occurrence after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and presents new tools, techniques, management options, and recommendations, gathered from newly published articles, for post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy leakage. Causes of post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy leakage include technical factors such as bougie size, transection point, reinforcement materials, and patient co-morbidities as well as ischemic reasons. Ischemic leakage, which is most commonly seen in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, occurs usually after the fourth day, although some leakage may appear earlier within 1-3 days due to technical issues. Use of varied bougie sizes results in similar excess weight loss % at the one-year follow-up. Buttressing materials also reduce post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy bleeding, but not the leakage rate. Endoscopic stents play a significant role in gastric leakage treatment in post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy patients. Intra-operative or even early postoperative diagnostic tools can help in detecting early leaks, but minor leaks as well as those due to ischemic causes may be missed. In conclusion, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is still one of the most effective bariatric surgeries, exhibiting approximately 70% excess weight loss. Although complications of post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy are severe and may be life-threatening, most patients can be treated conservatively. However, those with persistent fistula require surgical intervention.

Cáncer de colon con infiltración a pared abdominal: un reto diagnóstico / Colonic cancer with infiltration to the abdominal wall: a diagnostic challenge

Se presenta el caso de una paciente mujer de 53 años procedente de Piura con un tiempo de enfermedad de 20 meses, caracterizado por dolor en sitio de herida quirúrgica por colecistectomía abierta realizada hace 3 años, asociado a presencia de una masa en dicha zona, posteriormente se absceda y comienza a drenar secreción alimentaria. Los estudios de imágenes revelaron una masa dependiente de colon transverso en contacto con estómago y pared abdominal que presentaba fistulas hacia piel. Dicha masa fue extraída durante la cirugía con resultado anatomopatológico de adenocarcinoma mucinoso de colon. El caso representó un reto diagnóstico para el equipo médico y en vista de las diversas manifestaciones clínicas del cáncer de colon, sugerimos mantenerlo presente como diagnóstico diferencial en cuadros de absceso de pared abdominal y fistulizaciones entéricas.

We present the case of a 53-year-old woman with a time of illness of 20 months, characterized by pain at the site of surgical intervention for opened cholecystectomy 3 years ago, associated with a presence of a mass in said area, with the following abscess formation and fistulization of food content. Imaging studies revealed a mass dependent of the transverse colon, in contact with stomach and abdominal wall and presenting fistulas to the skin. Said mass was extracted during surgery with anatomopathological result of mucinous colon adenocarcinoma. The case represented a diagnostic challenge for the medical team and in view of the variaty of clinical manifestations of colonic cancer, we suggest that it should be consider as a differential diagnosis in cases of abdominal wall abscess and enteric fistulas.

Non-Surgical Management of Gastroduodenal Fistula Caused by Ingested Neodymium Magnets / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Foreign body ingestions pose a significant health risk in children. Neodymium magnets are high-powered, rare-earth magnets that is a serious issue in the pediatric population due to their strong magnetic force and high rate of complications. When multiple magnets are ingested, there is potential for morbidity and mortality, including gastrointestinal fistula formation, obstruction, bleeding, perforation, and death. Many cases require surgical intervention for removal of the magnets and management of subsequent complications. However, we report a case of multiple magnet ingestion in a 19-month-old child complicated by gastroduodenal fistula that was successfully treated by endoscopic removal and supportive care avoiding the need for surgical intervention. At two-week follow-up, the child was asymptomatic and upper gastrointestinal series obtained six months later demonstrated resolution of the fistula.

Píloro doble: de lo cotidiano a lo extraordinario: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Double pylorus: from the everything to the extraordinary: case report and literature review

Antecedentes: El píloro doble constituye un hallazgo endoscópico extremadamente raro, siendo más frecuente en pacientes que padecen enfermedad ulcerosa péptica. Corresponde a una comunicación anormal entre el antro gástrico y el bulbo duodenal, que puede llegar a requerir tratamiento quirúrgico. Caso clínico: Mujer de 86 años de edad con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, así como ingesta crónica de AINE, portadora de enfermedad ácido-péptica de larga evolución con poca respuesta al manejo médico con bloqueadores H2, la cual presenta sangrado de tubo digestivo durante 5 días caracterizado por hematemesis y melena, así como pirosis, náuseas, sin pérdida ponderal; por este motivo se realiza endoscopia digestiva alta la cual reporta como hallazgos: gastritis erosiva crónica activa secundaria a AINE y asociada a Helicobacter pylori, así como píloro doble adquirido secundario a enfermedad ácido-péptica, sin evidencia de tumores u otras lesiones asociadas. Se inicia esquema de erradicación para H. pylori con amoxicilina y claritromicina durante 14 días, asociados a inhibidor de bomba de protones durante 6-8 semanas con buena respuesta al manejo médico. Discusión: El píloro doble adquirido es una rara complicación de úlcera péptica que puede ser asociada a otras enfermedades, AINE y a la colonización por H. pylori, por lo tanto el adecuado tratamiento consistirá en la corrección de esos factores.

Background: The double pylorus is an extremely rare endoscopic finding, being more frequent in patients suffering from peptic ulcer disease. It corresponds to an abnormal communication between the gastric antrum and the duodenal bulb, which may require surgical treatment. Clinical case: A 86-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic NSAID intake, a carrier of long-term peptic acid disease with poor response to medical management with H2 blockers. This presents digestive tube bleeding for 5 days characterized by hematemesis and melena, as well as heartburn, nausea, without weight loss, reason why high digestive endoscopy is performed, which reports as findings: active chronic erosive gastritis secondary to NSAIDs and associated with Helicobacter pylori, as well as acquired double pylorus secondary to peptic acid disease, without evidence of tumors or other associated lesions. Eradication scheme begins for H. pylori with amoxicillin and clarithromycin for 14 days, associated with a proton pump inhibitor for 6-8 weeks with good response to medical management. Discussion: The acquired double pylorus is a rare complication of peptic ulcer disease that can be associated with other diseases, NSAIDs and colonization by H. pylori, therefore the appropriate treatment will consist in the correction of these factors.

Endoscopic Treatment of Diverse Complications Caused by Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding: A Study in Eastern Asia

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The use of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is increasing proportionally with the obesity epidemic. However, some postoperative complications have been highlighted as major problems associated with LAGB. There is no consensus concerning the endoscopic management of these adverse events. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the feasibility and effectiveness of endoscopic treatment for LAGB complications. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 352 patients who underwent LAGB between 2011 and 2015. LAGB-associated complications developed in 26 patients (7.4%). This study involved six patients (1.7%) who received endoscopic treatment. RESULTS: Types of LAGB-induced complications in our series included intragastric migration (n=3), gastric leaks (n=2), and gastric fistulas (n=1). The endoscopic treatment of these complications was successful in four of the six patients. Endoscopic band removal was successful in two patients. All gastric leaks were successfully closed via an endoscopic procedure. In two cases (intragastric migration and gastric fistula), endoscopic treatment was not sufficient, and surgery was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic procedures afforded acceptable treatment of band migration and gastric leaks after LAGB. However, the results were poor in patients with gastric fistula.

Hepatogastric fistula as a rare complication of pyogenic liver abscess

Hepatogastric fistula following a pyogenic liver abscess is extremely rare, and only a handful of cases have been reported. An 88-year-old female presented with generalized weakness, fever and chills. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a 5cm-sized hypodense lesion with internal septa in the left lateral section of the liver. Due to initial suspicion of early liver abscess, she was treated with empirical intravenous antibiotics. Initially, aspiration or drainage of the liver abscess was not performed due to immature lesion characteristics. An ultrasonography-guided percutaneous drainage of the liver abscess was performed 17 days after hospitalization due to a more mature lesion appearance on follow-up imaging. On tubography, contrast media leakage through the fistulous tract was visualized. Surgical management was performed, and she was discharged 2 weeks after surgery.

Enteral stents in the management of gastrointestinal leaks, perforations and fistulae

Gastrointestinal leaks and fistulae are grave conditions associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Expandable stents have shown significant success in the management of leaks and fistulae, providing an efficacious minimally invasive approach in patients who are frequently poor surgical candidates. Most reports, however, are limited by their small size or the pooling of different stents, techniques and locations of leaks and fistulae. Despite the numerous alterations in stent design, migration remains the pivotal drawback of this technique. In this article, we review the current status of expandable stents in the management of gastrointestinal leaks and fistulae, available anti-migration techniques and evolving innovations in stent design.

Endoscopic management of postsurgical leaks

Postsurgical leaks are a major complication with significant mobidity and mortality. Conventional conservative and surgical approaches are highly morbid with limited success. Over the last decade several endoscopic techniques have proved effective with a favorable safety profile. Nevertheless, most data still come from retrospective series, and many studies included heterogenous patient groups pooling complex surgical leaks with minor endoscopic perforations. This review focuses on the endoscopic management of the more difficult postsurgical leaks. Stents and over-the-scope clips are currently the key endoscopic techniques for leak closure, but emerging techniques such as vacuum sponge therapy and endoscopic internal drainage have proved to be at least as effective. The current trend is to use these different techniques interchangeably or simultaneously rather than assuming a single standardized approach.

Late surgical complications after gastric by-pass: a literature review / Complicações cirúrgicas tardias após bypass gástrico: revisão da literatura

INTRODUCTION: Gastric bypass is today the most frequently performed bariatric procedure, but, despite of it, several complications can occur with varied morbimortality. Probably all bariatric surgeons know these complications, but, as bariatric surgery continues to spread, general surgeon must be familiarized to it and its management. Gastric bypass complications can be divided into two groups: early and late complications, taking into account the two weeks period after the surgery. This paper will focus the late ones. METHOD: Literature review was carried out using Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, and additional information on institutional sites of interest crossing the headings: gastric bypass AND complications; follow-up studies AND complications; postoperative complications AND anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; obesity AND postoperative complications. Search language was English. RESULTS: There were selected 35 studies that matched the headings. Late complications were considered as: anastomotic strictures, marginal ulceration and gastrogastric fistula. CONCLUSION: Knowledge on strategies on how to reduce the risk and incidence of complications must be acquired, and every surgeon must be familiar with these complications in order to achieve an earlier recognition and perform the best intervention. .

INTRODUÇÃO: O bypass gástrico é hoje o procedimento bariátrico mais realizado, mas, apesar disso, várias complicações podem ocorrer com variada morbimortalidade. Provavelmente todos os cirurgiões bariátricos conhecem essas complicações, mas como a cirurgia bariátrica continua a se espalhar, o cirurgião geral deve estar familiarizado com essas complicações e seu manuseio. As complicações do bypass gástrico podem ser divididas em dois grupos: as precoces e tardias, tendo em conta o período de duas semanas após a operação. Este artigo irá focar as tardias. MÉTODO: Foi realizada revisão da literatura utilizando as bases Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, e informações adicionais sobre sites institucionais de interesse cruzando os descritores: bypass gástrico AND complicações; seguimento AND complicações; complicações pós-operatórias AND anastomose, Roux-en-Y; obesidade AND complicações pós-operatórias. A língua usada para a busca foi o inglês. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 35 estudos que combinavam com os descritores. As complicações tardias foram consideradas como: estenose de anastomose, ulceração marginal e fístula gastrogástrica. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento sobre as estratégias de como reduzir o risco e incidência das complicações deve ser adquirido ao longo do tempo, e cada cirurgião deve estar familiarizado com essas complicações, a fim de reconhecê-las precocemente e realizar a melhor intervenção. .

Fístula gastroesplénica secundaria a adenocarcinoma gástrico / Gastrosplenic fistula secondary to gastric adenocarcinoma

Se informa el caso de un paciente con una fístula gastro-esplénica ocasionada por un adenocarcinoma gástrico y bacteriemia por Streptococcus anginosus, con desenlace fatal...

We present a case report of a patient with spontaneous gastro-splenic fistula due to gastric adenocarcinoma associated with Streptococcus anginosus bacteriemia and fatal outcome...

Padrão atípico de secreção de cortisol em profissionais de Enfermagem / Estándar atípico de la secreción de cortisol em profissionales de Enfermería / Atypical secretion of cortisol in Nursing professionals

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a frequência de profissionais de enfermagem de unidades hospitalares com alteração no padrão diurno de secreção de cortisol. Método Foram incluídos 56 profissionais de enfermagem randomicamente selecionados, alocados nas unidades ambulatório, clínica médica, clínica cirúrgica, centro cirúrgico, pronto socorro infantil e adulto, unidade de terapia intensiva adulto e pediátrica de um hospital universitário. Para avaliação do padrão diurno de secreção de cortisol foram coletadas amostras de saliva em dois dias úteis consecutivos de trabalho. Resultados 42,5% dos profissionais de enfermagem apresentaram padrão atípico de secreção de cortisol. Além disso, quanto maior o tempo de trabalho na profissão, maior a concentração de cortisol (r=0,346; p=0,020). Conclusão Mais de um terço da amostra de profissionais de enfermagem apresentou padrões atípicos de secreção de cortisol, sugerindo que estes profissionais podem estar expostos a uma sobrecarga não apenas mental, mas biológica, estando expostos ao risco para o adoecimento por doenças relacionadas ao estresse.

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir la frecuencia de profesionales de enfermaría de unidades hospitalarias con cambio en el patrón diurno de la secreción de cortisol. Método Se han incluido 56 profesionales de enfermaría aleatoriamente seleccionados, ubicados en las unidades ambulatorio, clínica médica, clínica quirúrgica, centro quirúrgico, emergencias adulto y pediátrica, unidades de cuidados intensivos adulto y pediátrica de un hospital universitario. Para evaluación del patrón diurno de secreción de cortisol se recolectaron muestras de saliva en dos días laborables consecutivos, y para las manifestaciones psicológicas. Resultados 42,5% de los profesionales de enfermaría presentaron estándar atípico de secreción de cortisol. Además, cuanto mayor sea el tiempo de trabajo en la profesión, mayor la concentración de cortisol (r=0,346; p=0,020). Conclusión Más de un tercio de las muestras de profesionales de enfermaría presentaron estándares atípicos de la secreción de cortisol, sugiriendo que estos profesionales pueden estar expuestos a una sobrecarga no sólo mental, pero biológica, estando expuestos al riesgo de enfermarse por enfermedades relacionadas al estrés.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the frequency with which nursing staff in hospitals presents an altered diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion. Method These findings were based on results obtained from 56 randomly selected professional nursing staff working in outpatient clinics, medical clinics, surgical clinics, operating theaters, pediatric and adult emergency units, adult and pediatric intensive care units of a university hospital. The analysis of the diurnal cortisol pattern was based on saliva samples collected over two consecutive working days. Results 42.5% of these nursing staff members presented an atypical pattern of cortisol secretion. Furthermore, the longer the period of exercising this profession, the higher the cortisol concentration (r=0.346; p=0.020). Conclusion Over one-third of nursing staff samples displayed atypical cortisol secretion patterns. This suggests that these professionals are exposed, not only to a mental, but also to a biological, overload and thus, to a risk of contracting stress-related illnesses.

Complicaciones tardías en cirugía bariátrica / Late complications in bariatric surgery

La cirugía bariátrica denota complejidad y no está libre de complicaciones. Estas son de causa multfactorial y dependen de factores intrínsecos delpaciente o bien de habilidades técnicas y experiencia del cirujano. En general cualquier complicación puede catalogarse como temprana (< 30 días) otardía (> 30 días) según el tempo de aparición luego de la cirugía.La banda gástrica es uno de los procedimientos bariátricos mas realizados pero con un alto índice de complicaciones, entre las tardías destacan deslizamiento,migración y problemas del reservorio. El Bypass gástrico contnua teniendo mucha fabilidad en cuanto a control de la obesidad pero presentacomplicaciones como las hernias internas, estenosis y úlceras de anastomosis, y fstulas gastro gástricas entre otras, cuyo diagnóstco y manejo precozes importante.La gastrectomía vertcal en manga ha ganado terreno en los últmos años por sus buenos resultados pero también por su baja tasa de complicaciones amediano y largo plazo, dentro de sus problemas tardíos descritos están estenosis, dilatación gástrica y cierta relación con aparición o exacerbación derefujo gastroesofágico. Otro procedimiento bariátrico poco utlizado en la actualidad es la derivación biliopancreátca por su múltples complicacionestardías.La colelitasis es un problema comúnmente documentado luego de cirugía bariátrica en tasas de 30 a 52%, cuya resolución quirúrgica es importantepara evitar complicaciones mayores.

Bariatric surgery denotes complexity and is not free of complicatons. These are multfactorial and depend on intrinsic patent factors or technical skillsand experience of the surgeon. In general any complicatons can be classifed as early (<30 days) or late (> 30 days) as the tme of onset afer surgery.Gastric banding is one of the most performed bariatric procedures but with a high rate of complicatons; late complicatons as slipping, migraton andreservoir problems have been documented. Gastric bypass contnues to have much reliability as to control obesity but has complicatons such as internalhernias, anastomotc strictures and ulcers and gastro gastric fstulas among others, whose diagnosis and early management is important.Sleeve gastrectomy gained ground in recent years for its good results but also for its low complicaton rate in the medium and long term. The lateproblems described are stenosis, gastric dilataton and some relaton to onset or exacerbaton of gastro esophageal refux. Another bariatric procedureused actually is the biliopancreatc diversion but for his multple late complicatons it is less performed.Cholelithiasis is a problem commonly documented afer bariatric surgery rates from 30 to 52%, the surgical resoluton is important to prevent furthercomplicatons.

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Through the Sinus Tract of a Surgical Gastrostomy

We present the case of a woman on whom a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was performed through the sinus tract of a previous surgical gastrostomy for supraglottic obstructing malignancy. Five years after the induction of the surgical gastrostomy, she experienced a peristomal leakage, leading to severe necrotizing fasciitis, with skin irritation and inflammation. Despite extensive treatment to heal the abdominal wall close to the feeding tube, it recurred 3 months later, without any obvious cause. It was thus decided to perform a new gastrostomy in a nearby normal skin area, but, since it was totally impossible for the endoscope to be passed by mouth, due to obstruction, the sinus tract of the gastrostomy was used to facilitate endoscope insertion into the stomach for a new PEG.

A Case of Splenic Tuberculosis Forming a Gastro-splenic Fistula / 대한소화기학회지

We report a case of a 61-year-old man who presented with a cough and abdominal discomfort. CT scan of the chest showed two lesions across both lungs, and an abdominal CT scan revealed multiple hypodense lesions in the spleen with cystic lesions on the splenic hilum. Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy found creamy yellowish discharge through a fistula between the stomach and splenic hilum. Under fluoroscopic guidance, forceps was inserted into the fistula tract, and forcep biopsy was done. The pathology was consistent with tuberculosis, and a nine-month anti-tuberculosis medication regimen was started. Imaging performed three months after finishing medication indicated improvement of splenic lesions, and the gastro-splenic tract was sealed off. This case is a very rare clinical example of secondary splenic tuberculosis with a gastro-splenic fistula formation in an immunocompetent patient.

Double pylorus in the era of proton pump inhibitors / Doble píloro en la era de los inhibidores de la bomba de protones

Double pylorus and gastroduodenal fistula are rare conditions and can be either congenital or acquired. We report a case of a 58-year-old man with epigastric pain and dyspepsia in which the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an acquired double pylorus, probably caused by a gastric ulcer.

El doble píloro y la fístula gastroduodenal son condiciones raras y pueden ser congénitas o adquiridas. Se reporta un caso de un varón de 58 años con dolor epigástrico y dispepsia en quien la endoscopía digestiva alta mostró un doble píloro adquirido, probablemente causado por una úlcera gástrica.