Aneurisma de aorta abdominal roto al duodeno: causa infrecuente de hemorragia digestiva masiva / Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm into the duodenum: uncommon cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding

Primary aortoenteric fistula is the spontaneous communication between the lumen of the aorta and a portion of the digestive tract. The most common cause is the erosion of an abdominal aortic aneurysm into the 3rd or 4th portion of the duodenum. It manifests clinically as gastrointestinal bleeding, with or without abdominal pain and a pulsatile abdominal mass on physical exam. Gastrointestinal bleeding is initially recurrent and self-limiting and progresses to fatal exsanguinating hemorrhage. Endoscopic examination diagnoses only 25% of aortoenteric fistulas because these are usually located in the distal duodenum. Contrast computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis is diagnostic in only 60% of cases. We report three cases with this condition. A 67-year-old male presenting with an upper gastrointestinal bleeding. He was operated and a communication between an aortic aneurysm and the duodenum was found and surgically repaired. The patient is well. A 67-year-old male with an abdominal aortic aneurysm presenting with abdominal pain. He was operated and anticoagulated. In the postoperative period he had a massive gastrointestinal bleeding and a new CAT scan revealed an aorto enteric fistula that was surgically repaired. The patient is well. An 82-year-old male with an abdominal aortic aneurysm presenting with hematochezia. A CAT scan revealed a communication between the aneurysm and the third portion of the duodenum, that was surgically repaired. The patient died in the eighth postoperative day.

Customização intraoperatória de endoprótese para correção de fístula aortoentérica em contexto de urgência: um relato de caso / Intraoperative endoprosthesis customization for repair of an aortoenteric fistula in an emergency context: a case report

Resumo A fístula aortoentérica é uma grave condição clínica, e seu manejo permanece sendo um grande desafio técnico aos cirurgiões. A abordagem por cirurgia convencional nesses casos está relacionada a altos índices de morbimortalidade. A cirurgia endovascular apresenta-se como uma ótima alternativa nesses casos; contudo, por não se tratar de aorta nativa, a anatomia pode não ser compatível com os dispositivos endovasculares comercialmente disponíveis, fazendo-se necessário, em casos de urgência, a utilização de dispositivos modificados pelo cirurgião. O caso relatado reporta uma fístula aortoentérica secundária, tratada em situação de urgência por técnica endovascular com dispositivo modificado.

Abstract Aortoenteric fistula is a severe clinical condition and its management remains a major technical challenge for surgeons. In these cases, the conventional surgical approach is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Endovascular surgery is an excellent option in these cases, but considering that the aorta has been treated previously, anatomy may not be compatible with commercially available endovascular devices and so physician-modified endografts may be needed in urgent cases. The case reported involves a secondary aortoenteric fistula, treated on an emergency basis with endovascular techniques, using a physician-modified endograft.

Primary aortoduodenal fistula: first you should suspect it

ABSTRACT A 59 year-old patient was admitted with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The clinical exam showed mild hypotension and blood samples revealed acute anemia (hemoglobin = 7.5 g/dl). Emergency computed tomography showed an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm and extravasation of the arterial contrast material toward the digestive tract. The patient was transported to the operating room for emergency laparotomy, which showed an aortoduodenal fistula. After proximal and distal aortic vascular control, the two anatomical structures were dissected with duodenorrhaphy, patch repair of the aortic tear and omentum interposition. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, with discharge after 12 days.

Major intrahepatic veno-venous fistula after fontan operation treated by transcatheter implantation of amplatzer septal occluder through internal jugular vein

Abstract Six months after undergoing a Fontan operation, a 7-year-old boy with right atrial isomerism and a single functional ventricle was admitted to our emergency department with cyanosis. Emergency cardiac catheterization revealed a large veno-venous fistula that began in a left hepatic vein, connected to the left accessory hepatic veins, and drained into the common atrium, resulting in desaturation. The fistula was occluded proximally with an Amplatzer septal occluder, with satisfying results; the patient's systemic arterial saturation decreased during his hospital stay. Three weeks after the first intervention, a second procedure was performed to retrieve the first device and to close the fistula distally. Multiple attempts with different types of gooseneck snares and a bioptome catheter failed to retrieve the first device, so a telescopic method was used to re-screw it. Using a Mullins long sheath and delivery sheath, the delivery cable was manipulated to fit into the slot of the end screw, and the cable was rotated gently in a clockwise direction to re-screw the device. Then, another Amplatzer septal occluder was placed at the distal end of the fistula. In conclusion, distal transcatheter occlusion of intrahepatic veno-venous fistulas might lead to better clinical outcomes in selected patients. Amplatzer septal occluder device can be retrieve without any complication within three weeks.

Tratamiento endovascular de fístula aorto esofágica secundaria a cáncer de esófago: Caso clínico / Endovascular treatment of aorto-esophageal fistula due to esophageal cancer: Report of one case

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma can spread locally to neighboring organs in the mediastinum. When it invades the aorta, the patient may develop an aorto esophageal fistula (AEF), complication that carries a high mortality rate. We report a 62-year-old male with stage IV esophageal carcinoma who, after chemo radiation treatment, developed an AEF. He was successfully treated with the use of an aortic endograft. The patient died 13 months later due to progression of his cancer, without evidence of sepsis or new bleeding episodes.

Anestesia para correção cirúrgica de fístula de artéria coronária sem circulação extracorpórea: relato de caso / Anesthesia for surgical correction of coronary artery fistula without extracorporeal circulation: case report / Anestesia para la corrección quirúrgica de fístula de arteria coronaria sin circulación extracorpórea: relato de caso

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Descrita em 1865 por Krause ¹, a fístula de artéria coronária comunicando-se com cavidades cardíacas, artéria pulmonar ou seio coronário é muito rara. Representa 0,2 por cento a 0,4 por cento das cardiopatias congênitas e 0,1 por cento a 0,2 por cento da população adulta submetida a angiografias coronarianas ². O objetivo deste relato é apresentar anestesia para cirurgia de fechamento de fístula coronária em procedimento eletivo, considerando suas particularidades. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino com 59 anos, cuja fístula coronária foi diagnosticada durante investigação clínica de dor torácica progressiva e dispneia de longa data. O paciente foi submetido a uma correção cirúrgica de fístula de artéria coronária sob anestesia geral sem a utilização de circulação extracorpórea (CEC).O paciente evoluiu sem intercorrências, tendo alta hospitalar com melhora clínica em sete dias de pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: A fístula coronária é afecção rara, mas o anestesiologista pode deparar com esse tipo de paciente em situações distintas. É importante compreender sua fisiopatologia para abordar adequadamente o paciente no perioperatório, favorecendo seu melhor prognóstico.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Described by Krause in 1865 ¹, coronary artery fistula communicating with cardiac cavities, pulmonary artery, or coronary sinus is very rare. It represents 0.2 percent to 0.4 percent of congenital cardiopathies and 0.1 percent and 0.2 percent of the adult population undergoing coronary angiography ². The objective of this report is to present the anesthetic management for surgical closure of a coronary fistula in an elective procedure, considering its particularities. CASE REPORT: This is a 59-year old male patient, whose coronary fistula was diagnosed during clinical investigation of progressive thoracic pain and long-standing dyspnea. The patient underwent surgical correction of coronary artery fistula under general anesthesia without extracorporeal circulation (ECC). The patient evolved without intercurrences, being discharged from the hospital with clinical improvement 7 days after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery fistula is rare, but the anesthesiologist may be faced with this type of patient in distinct situations. Understanding its pathophysiology is important for better perioperative management of the patient, therefore improving the prognosis.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Descrita en 1865 por Krause ¹, la fístula de arteria coronaria comunicándose con las cavidades cardíacas, arteria pulmonar o el seno coronario, es una patología muy rara. Representa entre el 0,2 por ciento al 0,4 por ciento de las cardiopatías congénitas y del 0,1 por ciento al 0,2 por ciento de la población adulta sometida a angiografías coronarias ². El objetivo de este relato es presentar la anestesia para la cirugía de cierre de la fístula coronaria en el procedimiento electivo, considerando sus particularidades. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente del sexo masculino con 59 años, cuya fístula coronaria fue diagnosticada durante la investigación clínica de dolor torácico progresivo y disnea desde hacía ya mucho tiempo. El paciente fue sometido a una corrección quirúrgica de fístula de arteria coronaria bajo la anestesia general sin la utilización de la circulación extracorpórea (CEC). Evolucionó sin intercurrencias, y obtuvo el alta con una mejoría clínica siete días después del postoperatorio. CONCLUSIONES: La fístula coronaria es una patología rara, pero el anestesiólogo puede toparse con ese tipo de paciente en situaciones distintas. Es importante que comprendamos su fisiopatología para abordar adecuadamente el paciente en el perioperatorio, favoreciendo su mejor pronóstico.

Cierre espontáneo de fístula residual post cierre quirúrgico de fístula aorto-ventricular derecha traumática: Caso clínico / Spontaneous closure of a residual fistula after surgical closure of a traumatic aorto-right ventricular fístula: Report of one case

We report a 16-year-old boy, who suffered a right vent ride penetrating injury caused by a sharp blade that evolved to cardiac tampon. He underwent surgery and was discharged four days later. Thirteen days later, a cardiac murmur was found. An echocardiography showed an aorta-right ventricular fistula. Surgical closure was performed through an aortotomy on cardiopulmonary by pass. The control echocardiography showed a small residual fistula, which closed spontaneously three months later.

Correção de fístula coronariana sem circulação extracorpórea: técnica da sutura única / Off-pump correction of coronary fistula: the single suture technique approach

A técnica da sutura única foi desenvolvida para obter estabilização e exposição de todos os ramos coronarianos durante a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, mantendo a estabilidade hemodinâmica durante o procedimento. Nós descrevemos a utilização desta técnica durante a correção de uma fístula arterial coronariana associada à dilatação coronariana direita, sem a utilização da circulação extracorpórea. A técnica sugerida é mais rápida e menos complexa do que a utilização do desvio cardiopulmonar. Além disso, essa técnica pode ser uma ferramenta útil para a correção de fístulas arteriais coronarianas em casos selecionados, permitindo a prática de abordagens menos invasivas nesses pacientes.

The single suture technique was developed to obtain stabilization and exposure of all all coronary branches during off-pump coronary artery bypass, while maintaining hemodynamic stabilily during the procedure. We describe the use of this technique during an off-pump correction of a coronary artery fistula associated with right coronary dilatation. The suggested technique is quicker and less complex than on-pump surgery. Furthermore, it can be a useful tool for congenital fistula correction in select cases, stimulating the practice of less invasive heart surgery in these patients.

Bovine peritoneum protection role on intestinal adhesions to a vascular graft: a morphological analysis / Rol de protección del peritoneo bovino en la adhesión intestinal a un injerto vascular: un análisis morfológico

The present study aimed to experimentally evaluate the protection role of glycerin preserved bovine peritoneum (BP) against intestinal adhesions to a vascular graft. Experiments were performed on 24 adult rabbits, randomly dived into two groups. All animals were submitted to a vascular graft over the infra-renal aorta and vena cava. Group 1(12 animals ) was submitted to a BP patch on the retroperitoneal opening, between the vascular prosthetic graft and the intestinal loops. Group II (12 animals ) had the retroperitoneal opening sutured. After 7, 14, 28 and 60 days, 3 animals of each group were randomly killed and the retro peritoneum, with or without the BPpatch, was removed for histological analysis. The histological analysis showed that the BP stimulated a moderate to intense inflammatory reaction at the beginning of the experiments and on the 60-day evaluation, the inflammatory reaction was mild, limited to the BP border with its histological structure preserved. In conclusion, the BP is a safe and cheap interposition material to be used between vascular grafts and intestinal loops, presenting a protection role against adhesions between them.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar experimentalmente el rol protector del peritoneo bovino (PB) preservado en la glicerina en contra de las adherencias intestinales de un injerto vascular. Los experimentos se realizaron en 24 conejos adultos, randomizados aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Todos los animales fueron sometidos a un injerto vascular sobre la aorta infra-renal y la vena cava. Grupo I (12 animales), fue sometido a un parche PB en una apertura retroperitoneal suturada, entre el injerto vascular y el intestino. Grupo II (12 animales) con la apertura retroperitoneal suturada. Después de 7, 14, 28 y 60 días, 3 animales de cada grupo fueron sacrificados al azar y el retro peritoneo, con o sin el parche de PB, se retiró para el análisis histológico. El análisis histológico mostró que la PB estimuló una moderada a intensa reacción inflamatoria al inicio de los experimentos y en la evaluación de 60 días, la reacción inflamatoria fue leve, limitada a los bordes de la PB con su estructura histológica preservada. En conclusión, la PB es una forma segura y barata de material de interposición para ser utilizada entre injertos vasculares e intestinales, presentando un rol de protección contra adherencias entre ellos.

Uretero-arterial fistula: a case report and review of the literature

We report the case of a uretero-arterial fistula (UAF) formation in a 68 years old male who had previously undergone an Aortobifemoral graft. He got complicated with occlusion and infection of the right lower extremity requiring a right hip disarticulation for its management. This was followed by groin infection and graft protusion, managed by transabdominal resection of the right graft limb, at which time the right ureter was lacerated and repaired. Several months later, he presented with gross hematuria found to be secondary to UAF. The diagnostic and management steps leading to this patient care will be reviewed, together with a review of the literature pertinent to this case report