Real Power Loss Reduction by Melon Fly Optimization and Spontaneous Process Algorithm's

Abstract In this work Melon Fly Optimization (MFO) Algorithm and Spontaneous Process Algorithm (SPA) is designed to reduce the Real power loss, voltage stability enhancement and reducing the Voltage deviation. In this work real power loss measured and how much loss has been reduced is also identified by suitable comparison with standard algorithms. In this society from common consumer to industry needs better quality of power continuously and constantly without much variation. One way to improve the quality of the power is to reduce the power loss. Also reduction of power loss will improve the economic conditions of the nation indirectly and it improves the productivity of the nation with any hurdles. Around the world all nations sequentially identifying the method to reduce the power loss in the transmission and subsequently it improve the quality of power. MFO algorithm has been formed based on the innate events of Melon fly. Due their very excellent eyesight and mutual supportive behaviour Melon fly will find the food without difficulty. By smell and vision the Melon fly will move to the best location form the current location. In the preliminary level Melon flies will search the food in multiple directions and they may be far away from the food source, it like scattering in the plane. Then Spontaneous Process Algorithm (SPA) is designed to solve the optimal reactive power problem Formulation of the projected algorithm is done by imitating the process done during nuclear fission and fusion. Every item of a nucleus attribute symbolizes each solution variable. Sequence of operators directs the nucleus and in order to avoid the local optimum it will imitate the dissimilar condition of reaction. In the exploration space nucleus symbolizes the variables and potential solution. Levy flight has been intermingled in the procedure to enhance the diversification and intensification in the search. Evaluation of validity of the Melon Fly Optimization (MFO) Algorithm and Spontaneous Process Algorithm (SPA) is done in IEEE 30-bus system by considering voltage stability (L-index) and also devoid of L-index criterion. Minimization of voltage deviation, voltage stability enhancement and power loss minimization has been achieved.

Genetic recombination after protoplast fusion in Candida sp

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o ciclo parassexual em Candida sp uma levedura que näo apresenta ciclo sexual. As condiçöes para isolamento e regeneraçäo de protoplastos foram estabelecidas para a linhagem selvagem de Candida sp. O polietileno glicol foi utilizado para induzir a fusäo dos protoplastos isolados a partir das linhagens auxotroficas (pab bio e ura arg). As colonias prototróficas originais após fusäo foram selecionadas por complementaçäo em meio mínimo. A partir de um produto de fusäo nuclear selecionado, foram obtidos vários recombinantes monoauxotróficos, os quais tiveram diametro nuclear similar às linhagens parenterais. este fato sugere que os recombinantes auxotróficos se originaram de perdas cromossomicas do produto de fusäo nuclear