Análise retrospectiva da casuística pessoal em mamoplastia redutora utilizando a técnica de pedículo inferior em suas diferentes indicações / Retrospective analysis of a personal casuistry in reduction mammoplasty using the inferior pedicle technique for various indications

INTRODUÇÃO: Cirurgia de redução de mama tem sido amplamente discutida a partir dos princípios de suas diferentes técnicas utilizadas neste processo. A busca da estética associada a procedimentos cirúrgicos que causem menos cicatrizes inestéticas tem promovido a busca de métodos alternativos de mama redução. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar uma revisão bibliográfica desta técnica, apresentar minha casuística particular em mamoplastia redutora utilizando a técnica de pedículo inferior comparada à literatura mundial. MÉTODOS: Descreve a abordagem cirúrgica do estudo com 60 pacientes relatando a experiência e os resultados da mamoplastia redutora pela técnica de pedículo inferior. As pacientes foram acompanhadas no consultório a cada 15, 30, 60 dias, 3 meses, 6 meses e 1 ano. RESULTADOS: No pós-operatório algumas complicações sem repercussão no resultado final: perda parcial de sensibilidade do complexo aréolo-papilar, necrose parcial de aréola, hematomas, necrose gordurosa, deiscência de sutura. CONCLUSÕES: A utilização da técnica de mamoplastia redutora com pedículo inferior areolado na minha casuística pessoal mostrou estar próxima da literatura mundial quanto às complicações e resultado estético. A técnica apresenta adequada manutenção da sensibilidade e vascularização do complexo aréolo-mamilar e baixos índices de complicações, podendo ser também empregada em mamas de médias hipertrofias e nas mastopexias e associada a prótese de silicone.

INTRODUCTION: Breast reduction surgery has been widely discussed, as different techniques are used to perform this procedure. The pursuit for aesthetics combined with surgical procedures that cause less unsightly scars promoted the development of alternative methods for breast reduction. The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliographic review of this technique, and present a personal casuistry regarding reduction mammoplasty using the inferior pedicle technique and compare it with those in the existing literature. METHODS: This study describes the surgical approach used in 60 patients, their experience, and the results obtained with reduction mammoplasty performed with the inferior pedicle technique. The patients were followed up in outpatient settings at 15, 30, and 60 days; 3 months; 6 months; and 1 year. RESULTS: Some complications occurred in the postoperative period but did not impair the final results. These include partial loss of sensitivity of the nipple-areolar complex, partial necrosis of the areola, hematomas, fat necrosis, and suture dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained by using the inferior areolar complex in reduction mammoplasty proved, in my personal casuistry, to be similar to those found in the existing literature, with regard to complications and aesthetic outcomes. With this technique, the sensitivity and vascularization of the nipple-areola complex can be properly maintained, thus resulting in low complication rates. Moreover, it can also be used in medium-breast hypertrophy, mastopexy procedures, and silicone implant placement.

Mammographic Density Estimation with Automated Volumetric Breast Density Measurement

OBJECTIVE: To compare automated volumetric breast density measurement (VBDM) with radiologists' evaluations based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), and to identify the factors associated with technical failure of VBDM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 1129 women aged 19-82 years who underwent mammography from December 2011 to January 2012 were included. Breast density evaluations by radiologists based on BI-RADS and by VBDM (Volpara Version 1.5.1) were compared. The agreement in interpreting breast density between radiologists and VBDM was determined based on four density grades (D1, D2, D3, and D4) and a binary classification of fatty (D1-2) vs. dense (D3-4) breast using kappa statistics. The association between technical failure of VBDM and patient age, total breast volume, fibroglandular tissue volume, history of partial mastectomy, the frequency of mass > 3 cm, and breast density was analyzed. RESULTS: The agreement between breast density evaluations by radiologists and VBDM was fair (k value = 0.26) when the four density grades (D1/D2/D3/D4) were used and moderate (k value = 0.47) for the binary classification (D1-2/D3-4). Twenty-seven women (2.4%) showed failure of VBDM. Small total breast volume, history of partial mastectomy, and high breast density were significantly associated with technical failure of VBDM (p = 0.001 to 0.015). CONCLUSION: There is fair or moderate agreement in breast density evaluation between radiologists and VBDM. Technical failure of VBDM may be related to small total breast volume, a history of partial mastectomy, and high breast density.

Prevalence of ERα-397 PvuII C/T, ERα-351 XbaI A/G and PGR PROGINS polymorphisms in Brazilian breast cancer-unaffected women

Polymorphisms of hormone receptor genes have been linked to modifications in reproductive factors and to an increased risk of breast cancer (BC). In the present study, we have determined the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the ERα-397 PvuII C/T, ERα-351 XbaI A/G and PGR PROGINS polymorphisms and investigated their relationship with mammographic density, body mass index (BMI) and other risk factors for BC. A consecutive and unselected sample of 750 Brazilian BC-unaffected women enrolled in a mammography screening program was recruited. The distribution of PGR PROGINS genotypic frequencies was 72.5, 25.5 and 2.0% for A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2, respectively, which was equivalent to that encountered in other studies with healthy women. The distribution of ERα genotypes was: ERα-397 PvuII C/T: 32.3% TT, 47.5% TC, and 20.2% CC; ERα-351 XbaI A/G: 46.3% AA, 41.7% AG and 12.0% GG. ERα haplotypes were 53.5% PX, 14.3% Px, 0.3% pX, and 32.0% px. These were significantly different from most previously published reports worldwide (P < 0.05). Overall, the PGR PROGINS genotypes A2A2 and A1A2 were associated with fatty and moderately fatty breast tissue. The same genotypes were also associated with a high BMI in postmenopausal women. In addition, the ERα-351 XbaI GG genotype was associated with menarche ≥12 years (P = 0.02). ERα and PGR polymorphisms have a phenotypic effect and may play an important role in BC risk determination. Finally, if confirmed in BC patients, these associations could have important implications for mammographic screening and strategies and may be helpful to identify women at higher risk for the disease.

Transposition flap for correction of ectopic breast in Poland's syndrome using a pre-molded silicone prosthesis / Retalho de transposição para correção de mama ectópica em síndrome de Poland usando prótese de silicone pré-moldada

The authors report a variation of Poland's syndrome with ectopic right breast. Three surgeries were performed at different times: transposition flap to place the mammary gland in an anatomic position; reduction of the contralateral left breast; and implantation of a pre-molded silicone prosthesis to correct the malformation caused by the absence of the major and minor pectoral muscles. The surgeries were performed at six-month intervals, and the final outcome was new and acceptable positioning of the breasts.

Os autores apresentam uma variante da síndrome de Poland com mama direita ectópica. Foram realizados três tempos cirúrgicos: retalho de transposição para colocação da glândula mamária em posição anatômica; redução da mama contralateral esquerda; e implantação de prótese de silicone pré-moldada para correção do defeito causado pela agenesia dos músculos peitoral maior e peitoral menor. Com intervalo de seis meses entre as cirurgias, o resultado final apresenta novo posicionamento aceitável das mamas.