Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Montrer: 20 | 50 | 100
Résultats 1 - 5 de 5
Filtre
1.
Biol. Res ; 49: 1-9, 2016. ilus, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-950840

Résumé

The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor that senses the arterial PO2, PCO2 and pH. In response to hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis, carotid chemosensory discharge elicits reflex respiratory, autonomic and cardiovascular adjustments. The classical construct considers the CB as the main peripheral oxygen sensor, triggering reflex physiological responses to acute hypoxemia and facilitating the ventilatory acclimation to chronic hypoxemia at high altitude. However, a growing body of experimental evidence supports the novel concept that an abnormally enhanced CB chemosensory input to the brainstem contributes to overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, and consequent pathology. Indeed, the CB has been implicated in several diseases associated with increases in central sympathetic outflow. These include hypertension, heart failure, sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome. Indeed, ablation of the CB has been proposed for the treatment of severe and resistant hypertension in humans. In this review, we will analyze and discuss new evidence supporting an important role for the CB chemoreceptor in the progression of autonomic and cardiorespiratory alterations induced by heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome.


Sujets)
Humains , Système nerveux sympathique/physiopathologie , Glomus carotidien/physiopathologie , Syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil/physiopathologie , Broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive/physiopathologie , Défaillance cardiaque/physiopathologie , Maladies métaboliques/physiopathologie , Glomus carotidien/composition chimique , Facteurs de risque , Syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil/étiologie , Broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive/étiologie , Défaillance cardiaque/étiologie , Maladies métaboliques/étiologie
2.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 19(1): 42-45, Jan-Mar/2015. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-741529

Résumé

Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with several cancer types, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Objective To explore further the relation between PHPT and PTC. Methods By considering patients with PHPT as extra-suspicious for PTC, we studied an exemplar group of patients with PHPT with a small (1 cm) thyroid nodule, which was negative in preoperative cytologic examination. During parathyroidectomy, a frozen section biopsy of the thyroid nodule confirmed PTC, as did the final surgical specimen, revealing that the preoperative cytology was false-negative. Additionally, relevant reports retrieved from the English literature addressing thyroid cancer and hyperparathyroidism were reviewed and processed. Results Four patients with PHPT were studied. Three had a multifocal thyroid disease, and three had neck lymph node metastasis. Processing previous report data supported an association between PHPT and PTC. Although thyroid nodularity among patients with PHPTwas similar to the general population, PTC incidence was higher. This was true also for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Conclusions This study emphasized that PHPT should be considered as a noteworthy risk factor for PTC. Fine needle aspiration of a thyroid nodule is the most valuable diagnostic procedure for thyroid cancer. Yet, false-negative results were reported in up to 10% of cases, especially in small, subcentimeter nodules. In line with our data and the literature, patients with PHPT should have both a detailed ultrasound addressing the thyroid and cytology of any thyroid nodule, including small subcentimeter lesions. Moreover, surgical flexibility, allowing intraoperative thyroid nodule sampling, should be considered even for "innocent" nodules. .


Sujets)
Animaux , Mâle , Apnée/physiopathologie , Glomus carotidien/physiopathologie , Défaillance cardiaque/physiopathologie , Respiration , Système nerveux sympathique/physiopathologie , Fonction ventriculaire
3.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 19(1): 46-54, Jan-Mar/2015. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-741539

Résumé

Introduction Radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy can result in severe swallowing disorders with potential risk for aspiration and can negatively impact the patient's quality of life (QOL). Objective To assess swallowing-related QOL in patients who underwent radiotherapy/ chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Methods We interviewed 110 patients (85 men and 25 women) who had undergone exclusive radiotherapy (25.5%) or concomitant chemoradiotherapy (74.5%) from 6 to 12 months before the study. The Quality of Life in Swallowing Disorders (SWAL-QOL) questionnaire was employed to evaluate dysphagia-related QOL. Results The QOL was reduced in all domains for all patients. The scores were worse among men. There was a relationship between oral cavity as the primary cancer site and the fatigue domain and also between advanced cancer stage and the impact of food selection, communication, and social function domains. Chemoradiotherapy association, the presence of nasogastric tube and tracheotomy, and the persistence of alcoholism and smoking had also a negative effect on the QOL. Conclusions According to the SWAL-QOL questionnaire, the dysphagia-related impact on QOL was observed 6 to 12 months after the treatment ended. .


Sujets)
Animaux , Mâle , Apnée/physiopathologie , Glomus carotidien/physiopathologie , Défaillance cardiaque/physiopathologie , Respiration , Système nerveux sympathique/physiopathologie , Fonction ventriculaire
4.
Radiol. bras ; 33(6): 317-325, nov.-dez. 2000. ilus
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-309943

Résumé

O espaço carotídeo ocupa situação lateral no pescoço, estendento-se desde a base do crânio até o mediastino superior, atravessando tanto o pescoço supra-hióideo quanto a infra-hióideo. Seu conteúdo inclui as artérias carótidas comum e interna, a veia jugular interna, os linfonodos da cadeia jugular interna, o nervo vago (X) e, na sua porção superior, os nervos glossofaríngeo (IX), espinal acessório (XI) e hipoglosso (XII), que podem ser sede de doenças como anomalias vasculares, processos inflamatório-infecciosos e neoplasias. Os autores, por meio de análise bibliográfica e de estudo iconográfico, procedem à revisão de sua anatomia, relação com os espaços vizinhos, doenças mais freqüentes e métodos de diagnóstico por imagem que permitem sua avaliação, particularmente a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética.


Sujets)
Humains , Glomus carotidien/anatomie et histologie , Glomus carotidien/physiopathologie , Glomus carotidien/anatomopathologie , Traumatismes du cou/diagnostic , Imagerie diagnostique/méthodes
SÉLECTION CITATIONS
Détails de la recherche