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1.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(6): 1039-1049, ago. 2008. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-492936

Résumé

The prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance is predicted to dramatically increase over the next two decades. Clinical therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have traditionally included lifestyle modification, oral anti-diabetic agents, and ultimately insulin initiation. In this report, we review the clinical trial results of two innovative T2DM treatment therapies that are based on the glucoregulatory effects of incretin hormones. Incretin mimetics are peptide drugs that mimic several of the actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and have been shown to lower glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels in patients with T2DM. Additionally, incretin mimetics lower postprandial and fasting glucose, suppress elevated glucagon release, and are associated with progressive weight reduction. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors increase endogenous GLP-1 levels by inhibiting the enzymatic degradation of GLP-1. Clinical studies in patients with T2DM have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors reduce elevated A1C, lower postprandial and fasting glucose, suppress glucagon release, and are weight neutral. Collectively, these new drugs, given in combination with other antidiabetic agents, such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and/or thiazolidinediones, can help restore glucose homeostasis in poorly controlled patients with T2DM.


É previsto que a prevalência de diabetes e a intolerância à glicose aumente dramaticamente ao longo das próximas duas décadas. As terapias clínicas para diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2) têm tradicionalmente incluído modificação do estilo de vida, agentes antidiabéticos orais e, por último, o início da insulina. Neste artigo, revisamos os resultados dos estudos clínicos de duas terapias inovadoras no tratamento do DM2 baseadas nos efeitos glicorregulatórios dos hormônios incretina. Os incretinomiméticos são medicamentos peptídeos que mimetizam várias das ações do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon-1 (GLP-1) e têm demonstrado reduzir níveis de hemoglobina glicada (A1C) em pacientes com DM2. Adicionalmente, incretinomiméticos reduzem as glicemias pós-prandial e de jejum, suprimem a liberação elevada do glucagon, e são associados com redução de peso. Os inibidores da dipeptidil peptidase-4 (DPP-4) aumentam os níveis de GLP-1 endógeno pela inibição da degradação enzimática do GLP-1. Estudos clínicos em pacientes com DM2 têm demonstrado que inibidores da DPP-4 reduzem A1C elevada, reduzem as glicemias pós-prandial e de jejum, suprimem a liberação elevada do glucagon e são neutros quanto ao peso. Coletivamente, estas novas medicações, administradas em combinação com outros agentes antidiabéticos, como metformina, sulfoniluréias e/ou tiazolidinedionas (TZDs), podem ajudar a recuperar a homeostase glicêmica de pacientes com DM2 não-controlados.


Sujets)
Humains , /traitement médicamenteux , Inhibiteurs de la dipeptidyl-peptidase IV/usage thérapeutique , Hypoglycémiants/usage thérapeutique , Incrétines/usage thérapeutique , Adamantane/analogues et dérivés , Adamantane/usage thérapeutique , Glycémie/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Poids/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Jeûne , Glucagon-like peptide 1/analogues et dérivés , Glucagon-like peptide 1/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Hémoglobine glyquée/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Nitriles/usage thérapeutique , Période post-prandiale , Peptides/usage thérapeutique , Pyrazines/usage thérapeutique , Pyrrolidines/usage thérapeutique , Triazoles/usage thérapeutique , Venins/usage thérapeutique
2.
Article Dans Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-39911

Résumé

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a worldwide health problem. Adequate glycemic control can help to prevent many chronic diabetic complications. Despite the availability of several classes of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin, many patients fail to achieve adequate glycemic control. Incretins are gut hormones produced in response to ingestion of nutrients. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), one of the incretin hormones, has pleiotropic actions on the control of blood glucose. Clinical trials with the incretin mimetic and Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors demonstrate promising results in the improvement of glucose homeostasis.


Sujets)
Diabète de type 2/traitement médicamenteux , Inhibiteurs de la dipeptidyl-peptidase IV/usage thérapeutique , Glucagon-like peptide 1/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Humains , Incrétines/usage thérapeutique
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