A capillary angioma of the lips: an extremely rare situation in the oral cavity / Angioma capilar de los labios: una situación extremadamente rara en la cavidad oral

Hemangiomas are tumors identified by rapid endothelial cell proliferation in early infancy, followed mostly by involution over the time. However, 10-12 % of true hemangiomas don't involute and require surgical treatment. Hemangiomas are classified on the basis of their histological appearance as capillary, mixed and cavernous. We report a case of capillary angioma in a 13-year old boy who presented with a budding into the lower lip. The lesion was excised and histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis.

Los hemangiomas son tumores identificados por la rápida proliferación de células endoteliales en la primera infancia, seguidos principalmente por involución a lo largo del tiempo. Sin embargo, entre el 10 y el 12 % de los hemangiomas no intervienen y no requieren tratamiento quirúrgico. Los hemangiomas se clasifican en función de su aspecto histológico como capilares, mixtos y cavernosos. Reportamos un caso de angioma capilar en un niño de 13 años que presentó un brote en el labio inferior. La lesión fue extirpada y el informe histopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico.

Epidural Capillary Hemangioma of the Thoracic Spine / Hemangioma capilar extradural da coluna torácica

Background Hemangiomas are congenital vascular malformations pathologically considered as harmatomas and classified as capillary, cavernous, arteriovenous or venous, and usually located at soft tissue or bone, mainly in the spinal column. Pure epidural capillary hemangiomas are extremely rare lesions that should be included in the differential diagnosis of spinal epidural lesions; only three patients with epidural capillary hemangiomas have been reported to date. Case Report We report a case of a 57-year-oldman that complained of dorsal and back pain. The neurological examination revealed back tenderness and crural paraparesis. His reflexes were exaggeratedand Babinski signwaspresenton both sides.Amagnetic resonance imaging showed an epidural lesion at the level of T10­12 that demonstrated extension with intense postgadolinium enhancement. These lesions were different from more common lesions, mainly schwanommas, mainly due to the foraminal extension, which sets them apart from cavernous hemangiomas. The surgical ressection was performed. After laminectomy, a reddish epiduralmass that extended intothe right T11­12 foraminawas revealed. Thefeeding vessels had to be identified and divided. In such cases, the surgeonmust carefully dissect the lesion circumferentially away from the dura and employ judicious hemostasis. The patient́s histopathological examination revealed a vascular tumor composed of vessels of several calibers. The imagery obtained from the exams led to the diagnosis of a capillary hemangioma. Conclusions Pure epidural capillary hemangiomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of spinal epidural lesions, mainly schwanommas, especially due to the foraminal extension, which may differentiates them from cavernous hemangiomas. Surgical excision is mandatory and intervertebral foraminal extension may preclude gross total resection.

Introdução Os hemangiomas são malformações vasculares congênitas patologicamente consideradas como hamartomas. Podem ser classificadas como capilar, cavernoso, arteriovenoso ou venoso, e são geralmente localizadas em tecidos moles ou ossos, principalmente na coluna vertebral. Hemangioma capilar epidural puro é uma lesão extremamente rara que deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões espinais epidurais, foram relatados casos de apenas três pacientes com hemangiomas capilares epidurais. Relato de Caso Relatamos o caso de um homem de 57 anos de idade com queixa de dorsalgia. Ao exame neurológico, paraparesia crural, com hiperreflexia e sinal de Babinski bilateral. A ressonância magnética mostrou uma lesão epidural no nível de T10­12 com intenso realce pós-gadolíneo. Hemangioma capilar deve ser diferenciado de lesões mais comuns, principalmente schwannomas, devido à extensão foraminal. A ressecção cirúrgica foi realizada. Um processo expansivo epidural avermelhado, se estendendo para o forâmen direito de T11­12, tornou-se evidente após a laminectomia. Os vasos que o irrigavam foram identificados e adequadamente separados. A lesão foi cuidadosamente dissecada circunferencialmente e uma hemostasia criteriosa foi realizada. O exame histopatológico revelou um tumor vascular composto por vasos de vários calibres. Exames de imagem corroboraram com a hipótese de um hemangioma capilar. Conclusões Hemangiomas capilares epidurais puros devem ser incluídos no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões da coluna vertebral epidural, principalmente schwanommas, especialmente devido à extensão foraminal. A excisão cirúrgica é obrigatória e a extensão para o forame intervertebral pode impossibilitar a ressecção total.

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome: clinical vs. surgical treatment / Síndrome de Kasabach-Merritt: tratamento clínico versus cirúrgico

Kassabach-Merritt syndrome is a combination of capillary hemangioma and thrombocytopenia that predisposes to bleeding with petechiae, ecchymosis and spontaneous bruising. Treatment is generally started with corticosteroids, interferon alpha or chemotherapy. We present the case of a child (aged 1 year and 9 months) with a giant hemangioma, from the root of the thigh to the knee, and thrombocytopenia. Treatment was started with corticosteroids, without improvement, and then intra-tumor and cutaneous bleeding appeared spontaneously. The patient's clinical condition precluded prescription of vincristine and interferon and emergency tumor resection was conducted because of extreme thrombocytopenia and bleeding. The child then began to develop sepsis with hypotension and ischemia of remnant tissues. This case presented a therapeutic challenge, which is the subject of this article.

A síndrome de Kassabach-Merritt é uma associação de hemangioma capilar e trombocitopenia, que promove sangramentos com petéquias, equimoses e hematomas espontâneos. A conduta é tratar com corticoide, interferon alfa ou quimioterápicos. Apresentamos um caso de criança (com 1 ano e 9 meses anos de idade) com um hemangioma gigante desde a raiz da coxa até altura do joelho, e plaquetopenia. O tratamento foi iniciado com corticoterapia sem melhora do quadro, surgindo de forma espontânea pontos de sangramento intratumoral e cutâneo. Sem condições clínicas de receber vincristina e o interferon, foi feita a ressecção tumoral de urgência por extrema plaquetopenia e sangramento. A criança começou então a desenvolver um quadro séptico com hipotensão e isquemia do tecido residual. Diante deste quadro, configurou-se um desafio terapêutico que será objeto deste artigo.

Angioma capilar espinal intradural: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Spinal cord capillary hemangioma: a case report and literature review

INTRODUCTION: Capillary angiomas are extremely rare in the spinal intradural space (being even less frequent in the intramedullary location)10-24. We analyze the characteristics of these lesions. METHODS: We present a case report of a patient with a symptomatic spinal-intradural capillary hemangioma at the thoracic level, followed by a review of the literature. RESULTS: We found a total of 41 patients reported with single angiomas, and three more patients with multiple lesions. Most patients were male (33/44 patients), and the mean age was 53,5 years. The localization of these lesions was mainly in the dorsal spine (24), cauda equina (15) and conus medullaris (6), with one case reported in the cervical spine 11. Most patients presented with back pain, mielopathy or radiculopathy. Contrary to the case of cavernous angiomas, we did not find cases of capillary angiomas presenting with subarachnoid or intramedullary hemorrhage. The imaging characteristics (isointense at T1WI, hyperintense at T2WI and with intense contrast enhancement) were constant in almost all the reports. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal intradural capillary angiomas are rare vascular lesions, frequently mistaken for intradural tumors. It affects mostly males in the fifth or sixth decade of life, and is preferentially located in the thoracolumbar spine. It can be occasionally associated with marked spinal cord edema, specially when there is a intramedullary component. These lesions have a good prognosis after surgical treatment, and must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of intradural tumors of thoracolumbar spine and cauda equina.

Testicular capillary hemangioma - A case report of a rare tumor.

Testicular hemangioma is a very rare benign vascular neoplasm, mostly occurring in children and young adults. We present a case of capillary hemangioma of the testis in a twenty three years old male who presented with painless mass in the right scrotum of 2 months duration. He was diagnosed with a right testicular tumor based on the physical examination, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging studies. Serum tumor markers were normal. Right radical orchiectomy was performed. On histology, the tumor was diagnosed as capillary hemangioma of the testis. Immunohistochemical staining for CD31 and factor VIII confirmed the vascular nature of the tumor. To our knowledge, there are only twenty two cases of testicular hemangiomas reported in the literature. Although it is a rare tumor, surgeons and pathologists should be aware of it especially with the negative tumor marker findings. Intra-operative frozen section examination may be requested as tumor enucleation with testicular sparing surgery is considered adequate.

Periocular capillary hemangiomas: indications and options for treatment

Capillary hemangiomas are the most common periocular and orbital tumors of childhood that typically arise in infancy. Though the diagnosis is frequently made on clinical examination, various diagnostic modalities may be helpful in initial evaluation and follow-up. Tests may be necessary in diagnosing suspect cases or aid in the differentiation of potential malignant tumors. In the vast majority of cases these tumors undergo spontaneous involution without sequelae. However, some periocular and orbital capillary hemangiomas require intervention to prevent serious complications. Other tumors require treatment to lessen the surgical burden for cosmetic repair. When treatment is necessary, there are a number of therapeutic options available. As there is no standard, potential risks and benefits must be discussed with the family and treatment should be specific in each case. A complete understanding of the natural history of the tumor, indications for treatment, and response to different therapies is imperative in managing this common lesion

Capillary hemangioma of the sphenoid sinus

Hemangiomas of the paranasal sinuses are rare, particularly those of the sphenoid and ethnioid sinuses. Although imaging of the sinuses is key to determining the extent of involvement, the diagnosis is based on the lesions histologic appearance. We describe a new case of sinonasal hemangioma originating in the sphenoid sinus and we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic interventions

Hemangioma capilar em língua: relato de caso / Capillary hemangioma of tongue: a case report

É reportado um caso de hemangioma capilar em um paciente leucoderma de 32 anos, com queixa de nódulo assintomático em dorso lingual anterior. O paciente relatou início há aproximadamente cinco meses após queimadura por alimento quente. Ao exame físico intrabucal se constatou lesão nodular arredondada medindo em torno de 2,5 cm em seu maior diâmetro, superfície ulcerada, coloração avermelhada e consistência firme à palpação. Foi estabelecido diagnóstico diferencial de fibroma, hemangioma capilar ulcerado, granuloma piogênico e hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória. Foi realizada biópsia excisional, identificando-se ao exame histopatológico inúmeros capilares, revestidos por camada única de células endoteliais, sustentadas por um estroma de tecido conjuntivo, definindo o diagnóstico como hemangioma capilar. Nos controles pós-operatórios realizados desde a primeira semana até dois meses, foi observada cicatrização favorável da área operada, sem indícios de recidiva.

Hemangioma capilar da medula: relato de caso / Capillary hemangioma of the spinal cord: case report

Descrevemos um caso raro de hemangioma capilar da medula em mulher de 79 anos, que se apresentou com paraparesia progressiva, no período de 8 meses. Radiologicamente, esta lesão lembra outros tumores vasculares da medula espinhal. A paciente foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico com boa recuperação. Em relação à histopatologia, a lesão assemelhou-se ao hemangioma capilar da pele e tecidos moles, composto de lóbulos de pequenos capilares associados a vasos nutridores, envolvidos por uma cápsula fibrosa. É realizada uma revisão dos casos publicados na literatura, assim como uma discussão dos aspectos clínicos, radiológicos, histológicos e do diagnóstico diferencial da lesão. O conhecimento da sua existência pode evitar erros de diagnóstico desta lesão benigna.

Tratamiento en hemangiomas de la región maxilofacial por medio de electrotrombosis con agujas de cobre y cirugía / Treatment of maxillofacial hemangiomas by means of electrotrombosis with copper needles and surgery

Los hemangiomas son tumores benignos caracterizados por la proliferación de los vasos sanguíneos. Generalmente se presentan al nacimiento con un crecimiento rápido y que en ocasiones pueden involucionar entre los 7 años de edad. Se presenta un estudio prospectivo en 11 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de hemangiomas en la región maxilofacial tratados con electrotrombosis con agujas de cobre y cirugía con resultados satisfactorios

Melanoma juvenil benigno en niño de 8 años / Bening juvenile melanoma in an 8-year-old Boy

El melanoma juvenil o nevo de Spitz es una rara forma de nevo melanocítico benigno que puede ser confundido fácilmente, no sólo con un verdadero melanoma maligno, sino también con lesiones vasculares, tales como el hemangioma capilar. Presentamos el caso de un niño de 8 años con nevo de Spitz en el lóbulo nasal desde el año de edad, que fue diagnosticado y tratado como un hamangioma capilar inmaduo. El estudio histopatológico demostró células melanocíticas epiteloides sin signo de atipia. La lesión fue extirpada quirúrgicamente con resultados estéticos satisfactorios.